Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0409974 (lupus)
 22,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors review the problem of infection occurring in patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatism, e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus erythematosus, treated with cytolytic drugs for immunodepressive reasons. From their investigation, it seems that there is a high frequency of bacterial and mycotic and viral infections in these patients, but controlled investigations seem to show quite definitely that the frequency of these infections depends on the disease itself. The risk does not seem to be increased by cytolytic drugs. The only exception is herpes which appears in 10 to 20% of patients treated with immunosuppressive agents, as against 2% in a controll series. The other virus diseases did not have an abnormally high frequency. The conclusions are, of course, only of value for the types of treatment used in rheumatology.
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PMID:[Infections and immunosuppressive agents in rheumatology]. 18 73

An overview of dermatological diseases which occur in conjunction with oral contraceptive (o.c.) use is presented. An increase in pigmentation during o.c. use is attributed to an increase in the binding of cortisol with transcortin caused by the estrogen component, which leads to an increase in melanin-stimulating hormone production. Sebum production is decreased during o.c. use, which has a beneficial effect in cases of acne and seborrhea oleosa. This effect is most pronounced with preparations containing chlormadinon acetate, which has an antiandrogenic effect. O.C. use can influence hair growth by disturbing the balance between anagenic and telogenic hairs. Androgenetic alopecia is most often caused by preparations containing nortestosterone. Peroral dermatitits, lupus erythmatodes visceralis and similar disorders, and allergic skin reactions have been observed among o.c. users. Porphyria cutanea tarda is generally found in young women in conjunction with o.c. use, which can be related to liver dysfunctions. Vaginal candidosis is also more frequently found among o.c. users, particularly in conjunction with combination preparations. Herpes gestationes can occur during o.c. use, mainly among women who developed it during pregnancy. Progesterone appears to be responsible for provoking the condition. 166 patients who developed dermatological disorders during o.c. use were studied according to the preparation each used. Acne vulgaris improved more frequently among Ovosiston users. A marked increase in vaginal fluor indicated an increase in trichomoniasis and candida mycosis. In all observed cases of porphyria cutanea tarda, liver damage (hepatitis, cyrrhosis, or fatty liver) could be ascertained.
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PMID:[Reactions and side effects of ovulation inhibitors on the skin]. 72 69

Lupus erythematosis is a nodular skin lesion that usually occurs on the inner surfaces of the extremities, and is 5-7 times more common in women than in men, particularly between 20-30 years of age. It is diagnosed by biopsy since the associated symptoms of malaise, fever, and arthralgia are variable. Known agents to induce lupus are streptococcal infection, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, mycoses, medications particularly sulfa and oral contraceptive steroids, and a variety of other infections and allergies. A table is included in this review showing 8 cases of lupus erythematosus reported in the literature where oral contraceptive steroids were proved to be the etiologic factor, either by withdrawing and repeating pill prescription or by skin tests. The review ends with a list of other dermatological side effects of the pill, such as chloasma, acne, vaginal moniliasis, herpes, photosensitivity, and urticaria.
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PMID:[Etiologies of erythema nodosum (a little known etiology: estro-progestagens)]. 101 56

A review of medical history concerning case history reports of adverse clinical manifestations of hormonal contraceptives is presented. The unusual complicatons described are: gingivitis, dilation of the ureters, masculinization of the female fetus, candidiasis, ischemic colitis, megaloblastic anemia, chorea, alopecia, chloasma pigmentation, prophyria, photosensitivity, herpes gestationis, lupus, erythematous syndrone, erythema modosum and corneal irritation. The pathophysiology of the lesion and its relation to hormone action are presented.
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PMID:Unusal signs and symptoms associated with oral contraceptive medication. 110 27

Immunologic cytotoxicity is an important endpoint of the immune response to tumors, viral infected cells, grafted tissues, and exogenous microorganisms, and is also an important mechanism of disease, especially in autoimmunity. There are multiple mechanisms of immunologic cytotoxicity, but each has three major stages: leukocyte/target attachment, specific recognition, and target lysis following effector activation. Adhesion molecules present on leukocytes and potential targets appear to be involved in all three stages of cytotoxicity. A major factor in all types of cellular cytotoxicity is the interaction of LFA-1 on leukocytes and CAM-1 on targets. Modulation of ICAM-1 levels on target by the cytokines TFN-g, IL-1, and TNF-a is a major point of control of the susceptibility of targets to cytotoxicity by many different cytotoxic mechanisms. It also appears that modulation of the avidity of LFA/ICAM-1 binding is another important control point in modulating immunologic cytotoxicity. Cytokines also have important effects on immunologic cytotoxicity in ways other than adhesion molecule induction: effector priming to better respond to specific recognition signals, effector mobilization into tissue, and expansion of cytotoxic effector populations. ICAM-1 on the surface of epidermal keratinocytes and melanocytes is likely to greatly influence cytotoxic damage of these cells in diseases as photosensitive lupus erythematosus, lichen planus, erythema multiforme, and vitiligo. It has been found that the epidermal staining pattern for ICAM-1 in each of these diseases in distinctive and different in each disease. It is proposed that disease-specific induction of ICAM-1 by factors such as UVR and herpes-virus is an important determinant in triggering these skin diseases and in determining the pattern of disease.
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PMID:Cytokine modulation of adhesion molecules in the regulation of immunologic cytotoxicity of epidermal targets. 225 27

Hippocrates (460-375 BC) was the first to describe cutaneous ulcers under the heading of herpes esthiomenos. From what we can tell, Herbernus of Tours was the first to apply the term lupus to a skin disease in 916 AD. Following this, a number of terms including lupus, noli me tangere, and herpes esthiomenos were used to describe cutaneous ulcers. Willan (1757-1812) expanded the classification of skin diseases using the term herpes for vesicular diseases and lupus for destructive and ulcerative diseases of the face. The first clear description of lupus erythematosus was by Biett and was reported by his student Cazenave under the term erythema centrifugum in 1833. In 1846 Hebra, under the name of Seborrhea Congestiva described disc-shaped patches and introduced the butterfly simile for the malar rash. In 1851 Cazenave renamed erythema centrifugum, calling it lupus erythematosus and gave a classic description of discoid lupus erythematosus. In 1872 Kaposi subdivided lupus into the discoid and systemic forms and introduced the concept of systemic disease with a potentially fatal outcome. Hutchinson alluded to the photosensitive nature of the rash and may have provided the earliest description of what is now called annular subacute cutaneous lupus. In 1894 Payne used quinine in the treatment of patients with LE and postulated the presence of a vascular disturbance. In 1902, Sequira and Balean published a large series of patients with discoid and systemic LE and provided clinical and pathologic details of a young woman who died of glomerulonephritis. In 1904, Jadassohn published an exhaustive review of discoid and systemic LE, including clinical features and pathologic findings. Between 1895 and 1904 Sir William Osler published 29 cases of what was termed the erythema group of diseases. Perhaps his major contribution was to show that skin diseases could be accompanied by a variety of systemic manifestations. In retrospect most of his patients suffered from diseases other than SLE and it was only in his 1904 paper that two cases with SLE were described. He did not acknowledge this diagnosis in his cases and we share the viewpoint that his contribution to the study of SLE has been overemphasized.
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PMID:The history of lupus erythematosus. From Hippocrates to Osler. 304 83

Photosensitivity diseases are reviewed. The pathogenesis of photodermatoses is not completely elucidated, especially because the photosensitizing agents are rarely identified. In exogenous photosensitization, the chemical agent (chromophore) is most often identified, reaching the skin either via topical contact or by systemic administration (drugs). Concepts of phototoxicity (photochemical reaction) and photo-allergy (photo-immunologic reaction) explain the clinical aspects. Dermatoses with photosensitivity are divided into three groups: photo-aggravated dermatoses (solar herpes, lupus erythematosus), photosensitivity caused by protective system defect (xeroderma pigmentosum), and photosensitivity caused by metabolic defects (porphyrias, pellagra). Idiopathic photodermatoses (unknown chromophore) are triggered by solar exposure (systemic photo-allergens would serve as mediators): 'benign estival polymorphous light eruption', polymorphous light eruptions, persistent light reactor, solar urticaria.
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PMID:[Photosensitivity in human pathology: mechanisms and clinical aspects]. 309 82

Immunoreactive diseases in pregnancy are not frequent and it is important to guarantee an optimal and interdisciplinary treatment. The herpes gestationis is a pregnancy-specific disease of the skin with unknown origin and a good prognosis for mother and child. The progressional lupus erythematodes visceralis has a high risk for mother and child, but the rheumatoid arthritis shows remissions during pregnancy. The Basedow's disease and the autoimmune thyroiditis are needed a pregnancy-associated therapy to prevent a hyperthyreotic syndrome of newborns. The autoimmune haemolytic anemia and the thrombocytopenia have a high fetal risk although by intensive management. Myasthenia gravis may cause a transient neonatal syndrome.
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PMID:[Immunoreactive diseases in pregnancy]. 353 11

Eight normal volunteers and 32 patients with a variety of neurological disease were studied with a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) scanner using repeated free induction decay (RFID), inversion-recovery (IR) and spin-echo (SE) sequences. The results were compared with X-ray computed tomography (CT). RFID sequences which produce images that reflect changes in proton density displayed very little grey-white matter contrast and relatively small changes in disease. IR sequences which produce images that are dependent on T1 showed a high level of grey-white matter contrast and demonstrated changes in a variety of pathological processes. Although SE scans, which have a strong T2 dependence, had shown no abnormality in previous studies of patients with neurological disease, sequences of this type with longer values of tau displayed abnormalities in cerebral infarction, haemorrhage, herpes encephalitis, multiple sclerosis, cerebral oedema, hydrocephalus, tumours and Wilson's disease. All of these conditions were associated with an increase in T2. Abnormalities were demonstrated in cases of multiple sclerosis and brainstem infarction with NMR scans where no abnormality was seen with CT. More extensive changes were seen with NMR in cases of hemisphere infarction, systemic lupus erythematosis, herpes encephalitis, hydrocephalus (periventricular oedema) and Sturge-Weber disease. The margin between malignant tumour and surrounding oedema was better defined with contrast enhanced CT in four of eight malignant tumours, equally well defined in one, and better defined with NMR in three cases. NMR spin-echo sequences provide a sensitive technique for detecting abnormalities in a variety of neurological disease.
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PMID:NMR imaging of the brain using spin-echo sequences. 708 39

Therapeutic progress in medicine has diminished the number of diseases representing indications for interruption. This is true for impetigo herpetiformis and for herpes gestationis. In scleroderma, acute lupus erythematosus and dermatomyositis, the question has to be decided individually. Particularly in lupus erythematosus, contraception is to be advised because of the teratogenic side effects of therapeutic drugs. Metastases can arise in the fetus from a malignant melanoma of the mother. Whether pregnancy can promote the development or the progression of malignant melanoma, is still under discussion. Nevertheless, melanomalignoma must be regarded as an absolute indication for interruption.
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PMID:[Skin and genital diseases of the mother as indications for induced abortion]. 739 36


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