Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0409974 (lupus)
 22,386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Immunological reactivity in patients with systemic lupus erythermatosus (SLE) was assessed by investigating in vitro trinitrophenyl (TNP)-specific antibody formation by peripheral lymphocytes. Peripheral lymphocytes from 16 patients with SLE were cultured with TNP conjugated with horse erythrocytes (TNP-HRBC) in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol. The hemolytic plaque assay was used to detect hapten (TNP)-specific antibody-forming cells. Peripheral lymphocytes from normal individuals failed to produce antibody to TNP, whereas SLE lymphocytes produced a significant number of plaque-forming cells. Co-culture experiments with SLE and normal lymphocytes suggested that patients with SLE have a defect in T lymphocytes, leading to abnormal antibody production.
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PMID:In vitro TNP-specific antibody formation by peripheral lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. 33 48

We have studied human Thy-1 and T-cell receptor (TCR) antigen expression in mycosis fungoides and benign inflammatory dermatoses. The study included 24 biopsy specimens from 21 patients with mycosis fungoides (nine patch stage from eight patients, 13 plaque stage from 11 patients, and two tumor stage from two patients), six specimens from five patients with premycotic parapsoriasis (pre-mycosis fungoides), three specimens from three patients with lichen planus, 11 specimens from 11 patients with lupus erythematosus, 13 specimens from 13 patients with dermatitis, six specimens from six patients with drug eruptions, nine normal skin specimens from nine subjects, and three specimens from three patients with small plaque (benign) parapsoriasis. Immunoperoxidase studies using the avidin-biotin complex technique on serial frozen sections were performed. Primary antibodies were anti-human Thy-1, anti-alpha heterodimer of the TCR, anti-beta heterodimer of the TCR, and anti-delta heterodimer of the TCR. An extensive dendritic network of Thy-1+ cells was seen in all cases of mycosis fungoides. Epidermotropic cells were Thy-1 negative, and Thy-1 was expressed perivascularly in normal individuals and patients as previously reported. Epidermal gamma/delta cells were seen only in mycosis fungoides, where up to 60% of the epidermal lymphocytes expressed this TCR. The increased numbers of Thy-1 and gamma/delta T cells in mycosis fungoides were statistically significant when compared with normal skin or benign inflammatory dermatoses. The role of these dendritic dermal Thy-1+ cells and epidermal gamma/delta T cells in mycosis fungoides is unclear. The significant numbers of these potentially immunomodulating cells that were seen suggest that they are involved in the pathogenesis of mycosis fungoides.
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PMID:Thy-1 and T-cell receptor antigen expression in mycosis fungoides and benign inflammatory dermatoses. 167 89

The Ku (p70/p80) autoantigen is a DNA-protein complex recognized by sera from certain patients with SLE and related diseases. Although human autoantibodies react with at least eight different epitopes of the human Ku complex, they had little reactivity with rodent Ku Ag on immunoblots. Small amounts of 70- and 80-kDa proteins were immunoprecipitated from murine cell extracts, however, suggesting that the Ku particle is not unique to human cells. This was confirmed by isolating cDNA clones encoding murine Ku Ag by plaque hybridization with a human p70 cDNA probe. The murine p70 cDNA clones had a deduced amino acid sequence 82.9% identical to that of human p70, and comparable amounts of murine and human p70 mRNA were detected in 3T3 and K562 cells, respectively. The poor reactivity of human autoantibodies with murine p70 was attributable to specific amino acid substitutions in an immunodominant conformational epitope located on amino acids 560-609 of human p70. Several amino acids critical for antigenicity of this region were defined by mutagenesis studies. Other conformational epitopes of Ku were also antigenically poorly conserved among species. Species-specific epitopes recognized by lupus autoantibodies are unusual but not unique to Ku. In general, poorly conserved autoepitopes have been conformational, rather than sequential, suggesting that the antigenicity of conformational epitopes may be particularly sensitive to evolutionary change.
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PMID:Antigenic determinants of the Ku (p70/p80) autoantigen are poorly conserved between species. 170 85

The case of a young heterosexual male, with a 7 year history of an asymptomatic progressive plaque over the right side of the perineum is described, which 4 years later involved the left perineum and scrotal skin, indicating autoinoculation. The diagnosis of lupus vulgaris was made by strongly positive tuberculin test, histopathology, and a favourable response to a short course of intensive antitubercular therapy.
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PMID:Autoinoculation lupus vulgaris of the perineum. 191

The commonest form of cutaneous tuberculosis is lupus vulgaris, whose incidence has steadily decreased during recent decades. We describe an 82-year-old man who presented with a large plaque of lupus vulgaris on his chin and upper neck which had been present for 71 years. This case clearly emphasizes the need for increased awareness of this disease, since its frequency may be greater than generally thought.
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PMID:[Lupus vulgaris diagnosed after 71 years]. 195 9

The influence of dietary fat on autoimmunity in lupus-prone (NZB x NZW)F1 mice has been demonstrated. In defining further the effects of dietary lipid on the immune system of this strain, female weanling mice were placed on four diets differing in quantity and type of fat. Their immunologic response was then studied by a variety of tests at 4 and 7 mo of age. Few differences were seen among the four groups at 4 mo of age. At 7 mo of age, however, the mice receiving diets high in saturated and unsaturated fats had a reduced mitogenic response to T cell mitogens and an enhanced response to the B cell mitogen LPS. Immunoglobulin levels and delayed hypersensitivity responses did not show any consistent differences among the diet groups. At 7 mo, however, mice receiving diets high in unsaturated fat demonstrated hyperresponsiveness to injected sheep red blood cells as measured by the hemolytic plaque technique. In addition, peritoneal leukocytes from the same diet group exhibited an increased response to bromelain-treated autologous erythrocytes which was decreased after treatment with anti-Thy-1 antiserum and complement. Phagocytosis by peritoneal macrophages was significantly decreased in the animals fed high-fat diets, particular high saturated fat. Similarly, natural killer cell activity was markedly reduced in the mice with a high intake of saturated lipid, a finding which correlated with the in vitro production of interferon. These results indicate that diets high in fat influence immune responses and thus can affect the onset and severity of autoimmune disease. A low-fat diet can reduce the development of disease by maintaining normal immune responses. The data also suggest that unsaturated fat may influence T helper cell activity and therefore antibody production, whereas saturated fats may affect cellular immune responses which are dependent on membrane contact.
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PMID:Dietary fat and immune function. I. Antibody responses, lymphocyte and accessory cell function in (NZB x NZW)F1 mice. 241 89

In normal human epidermis HLA-DR-antigen is only present on Langerhans' cells and the acrosyringeal epithelium. We investigated the distribution of HLA-DR-antigen in 78 specimens of various skin diseases by an immunoperoxidase method using a monoclonal anti-HLA-DR antibody. HLA-DR-antigen bearing keratinocytes were not only found in lichen planus and mycosis fungoides, as it has been referred previously, but were also observed in some cases of cutaneous B-cell lymphoma, pseudolymphoma, lupus erythematosus, parapsoriasis en plaque, bullous pemphigoid, drug reaction, contact dermatitis, actinic keratosis and verrucous carcinoma. Direct contact of lymphoid cells with keratinocytes was not necessary for Ia-antigen expression.
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PMID:HLA-DR-antigen bearing keratinocytes in various dermatologic disorders. 257 18

Frozen kidney biopsy sections from nine patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) as well as many other renal diseases, including IgA nephropathy, membranous nephritis, and minimal change nephrotic syndrome, were negative for interferons -alpha and -gamma by immunofluorescence. Lupus patients studied included several subjects with marked serum elevations of interferon activity as well as others with low or negative serum interferon levels. Isolated glomerular eluates prepared from normal and SLE kidneys showed no functional interferon activity by virus plaque inhibition assay. Components of normal as well as SLE serum showed no direct binding to interferon -alpha or -gamma by ELISA assays.
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PMID:Absence of interferons-alpha and -gamma in renal lesions of systemic lupus erythematosus and membranous glomerulonephritis. 308 Dec 89

Three strains of mice bearing the autosomal recessive lpr gene (MRL, C57BL/6, and C3H) that had spontaneously developed a lupus-like disease were studied sequentially for functional natural killer (NK) and natural cytotoxic (NC) cell activity. Natural killing was impaired in spleen and bone marrow cells from all the lpr strains, as well as from the congenic strain MRL--+/+, which develops a late onset lupus-like disease. The NK cell activity was found to be depleted as early as 2 months of age in all lpr strains, and decreased further with age. NK activity was augmentable by Poly I:C and interleukin 2 (IL-2), suggesting that the residual cells can respond to NK modulators. In contrast with NK cell activity, NC activity was not decreased in lpr mice but could be augmented by IL-3-rich supernatants. The spontaneous decrease in NK cell activity was associated with an increased autologous plaque-forming cell (APFC) response to bromelin-treated mouse red blood cells, which is produced primarily by B cells possessing the Ly-1 phenotype (Lyt-1+ B). When NK cell activity was increased by exogenous administration of Poly I:C, the APFC response diminished. Treatment of spleen cells with anti-asialo GM1 prior to Poly I:C treatment resulted in a decreased NK response but increased both APFC and Lyt-1+ B cells. The possible regulation of autoreactivity by NK cells is discussed.
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PMID:Altered natural killer and natural cytotoxic cellular activities in lpr mice. 348 60

Dendritic cells bearing Langerhans cell (OKT6+) or interdigitating cell (RFD1+) immunophenotype may be regularly detected within the dermis of chronic skin diseases characterized by a lymphohistiocytic (lymphoreticular) infiltrate. These 2 subsets of antigen-presenting cells within the dermis of lesions of exacerbating chronic plaque psoriasis, exacerbating nummular dermatitis (discoid eczema), atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, pityriasis rosea, lichen ruber planus, and cutaneous lupus erythematosus were quantified using computer-assisted morphometry. The mean dendrite length per dermal dendritic cell was significantly higher for RFD1 than for OKT6 (74.4 +/- 0.98 microns vs 70.0 +/- 1.26 microns: p = 0.0023). The mean dendrite length per dermal dendritic cell was remarkably constant for each marker in the various diagnostic categories studied. Disease-specific patterns of total dendrite length and number (expressed per 100 infiltrating mononuclear cells) of these 2 dendritic cell types within the subepidermal infiltrates were obtained. Pityriasis rosea was characterized by its unique high percentage of OKT6+ Langerhans cells. Atopic dermatitis and psoriasis had relatively high percentages of both RFD1+ interdigitating cells and OKT6+ Langerhans cells. Nummular dermatitis had an intermediate number and total dendrite length for OKT6, but was relatively low in RFD1+ cells. Allergic contact dermatitis, lichen planus, and lupus erythematosus had low numbers and dendrite lengths for both dendritic cell subsets. It is suggested that pityriasis rosea is characterized by an abnormal migration pattern of Langerhans cells. Psoriasis and atopic dermatitis may be examples of diseases in which skin-localized antigen-presenting and T-cell-inducing events are continuously taking place. The other diseases may reflect inflammatory processes in which local antigen presentation is less relevant to the tissue reaction.
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PMID:Different in situ distribution patterns of dendritic cells having Langerhans (T6+) and interdigitating (RFD1+) cell immunophenotype in psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and other inflammatory dermatoses. 373 88


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