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Query: UMLS:C0406810 (NAME)
 13,345 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The targeting of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) to specific subcellular sites for local translation plays an important role in diverse cellular and developmental processes in eukaryotes, including axis formation, cell fate determination, spindle pole regulation, cell motility, and neuronal synaptic plasticity. Recently, a new conserved class of Lsm proteins, the Scd6 family, has been implicated in controlling mRNA function. Depletion or mutation of members of the Scd6 family, Caenorhabditis elegans CAR-1 and Drosophila melanogaster trailer hitch, lead to a variety of developmental phenotypes, which in some cases can be linked to alterations in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Scd6/Lsm proteins are RNA binding proteins and are found in RNP complexes associated with translational control of mRNAs, and these complexes can colocalize with the ER. These findings raise the possibility that localization and translational regulation of mRNAs at the ER plays a role in controlling the organization of this organelle.
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PMID:CAR-1 and trailer hitch: driving mRNP granule function at the ER? 1663 42

Processing bodies (P bodies) are conserved mRNA-protein (mRNP) granules that are thought to be cytoplasmic centers for mRNA repression and degradation. However, their specific functions in vivo remain poorly understood. We find that repressed maternal mRNAs and their regulators localize to P body-like mRNP granules in the Caenorhabditis elegans germ line. Surprisingly, several distinct types of regulated granules form during oocyte and embryo development. 3' untranslated region elements direct mRNA targeting to one of these granule classes. The P body factor CAR-1/Rap55 promotes association of repressed mRNA with granules and contributes to repression of Notch/glp-1 mRNA. However, CAR-1 controls Notch/glp-1 only during late oogenesis, where it functions with the RNA-binding regulators PUF-5, PUF-6, and PUF-7. The P body protein CGH-1/Rck/Dhh1 differs from CAR-1 in control of granule morphology and promotes mRNP stability in arrested oocytes. Therefore, a system of diverse and regulated RNP granules elicits stage-specific functions that ensure proper mRNA control during early development.
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PMID:Maternal mRNAs are regulated by diverse P body-related mRNP granules during early Caenorhabditis elegans development. 1869 46

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is an organism most recognized for forward and reverse genetic and functional genomic approaches. Proteomic analyses of DNA damage-induced apoptosis have not been shown because of a limited number of cells undergoing apoptosis. We applied mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics to evaluate protein changes induced by ionizing radiation (IR) in isolated C. elegans germlines. For this purpose, we used isobaric peptide termini labeling (IPTL) combined with the data analysis tool IsobariQ, which utilizes MS/MS spectra for relative quantification of peak pairs formed during fragmentation. Using stringent statistical critera, we identified 48 proteins to be significantly up- or down-regulated, most of which are part of a highly interconnected protein-protein interaction network dominated by proteins involved in translational control. RNA-mediated depletion of a selection of the IR-regulated proteins revealed that the conserved CAR-1/CGH-1/CEY-3 germline RNP complex acts as a novel negative regulator of DNA-damage induced apoptosis. Finally, a central role of nucleolar proteins in orchestrating these responses was confirmed as the H/ACA snRNP protein GAR-1 was required for IR-induced apoptosis in the C. elegans germline.
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PMID:Quantitative proteome analysis reveals RNA processing factors as modulators of ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis in the C. elegans germline. 2275 71