Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0406810 (NAME)
 13,345 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Our previous studies have shown that endothelin-1 (ET-1) induces an initial relaxation followed by a contraction in the guinea-pig ileum. To test whether other ET isopeptides (ET-2, ET-3, vasoactive intestinal contractor (VIC) and sarafotoxin S6b) and big ET-1, the ET-1 precursor, also induce similar biphasic responses, we compared their effects in isolated guinea-pig ileum. In addition, the mechanism of initial relaxation was studied. At 1-100 nM, ET-1, ET-2 and VIC were equipotent in producing the biphasic responses. S6b also produced similar biphasic responses, except that only a relaxation was elicited at 1 nM. ET-3 was approximately 30- to 100-fold less active than ET-1 in producing the contraction, whereas it was as potent as ET-1 in producing relaxation. Big ET-1 induced a relaxation of slower onset and longer duration, followed by a weak contraction at concentrations higher than 30 nM. The initial relaxation produced by ET-1 was not affected by pretreatment with L-NAME (NW-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester), hemoglobin, 9-AC (anthracene-9-carboxylic acid), SITS (4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2-2'-disulfonic acid), glibenclamide, ouabain, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate, sodium nitroprusside, human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP) or forskolin, whereas it was abolished by pretreatment with apamin. Although phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate pretreatment had no significant effect on the biphasic response of ET-1, it rapidly reversed the sustained contraction produced by ET-1. These results indicate that the initial relaxation is caused by the activation of Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels.
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PMID:Intestinal relaxation by endothelin isopeptides: involvement of Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels. 142 64

Possible mechanisms for nicotine-induced relaxation were investigated in the isolated sheep's sphincter of Oddi. Sheep's sphincter of Oddi rings were mounted in tissue bath with modified Krebs-Henseleit solution and aerated with 95% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide. Tension was measured with isometric force transducers, and muscle relaxation was expressed as percent decrease of precontraction induced by carbachol. Nicotine (1 x 10(-5) to 3 x 10(-3) mol/L) produced concentration-dependent relaxation on sphincter of Oddi precontracted by carbachol (10(-6) mol/L). Nicotine-induced relaxation was 72.8 +/- 4.2% of precontraction with carbachol (10(-6) mol/L) (mean pD2 value, 3.76 +/- 0.05 mol/L). Nicotine-induced relaxation was not affected by N(w)-nitro L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (3 x 10(-5) mol/L), methylene blue (10(-5) mol/L), indomethacin (10(-5) mol/L), hexamethonium (10(-5) mol/L), glibenclamide (10(-5) mol/L), 4-aminopyridine (10(-3) mol/L), tetraethylammonium (3 x 10(-4) mol/L), clotrimazole (10(-6) mol/L), 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid (NPPB) (10(-6) mol/L), and anthracene-9-carboxylate (9-AC) (10(-6) mol/L), but potentiated by bupivacain (10(-5) mol/L). A calcium-antagonizing effect of nicotine was not observed. The results suggest that nicotine-induced relaxation of the sheep's sphincter of Oddi is not mediated by the release of prostaglandins, nitric oxide (NO), or a related substance; by the activation of potassium channels or chloride channels; or by the stimulation of nicotinic cholinoceptors. Potentiation of the nicotine-induced relaxation by bupivacain indicates that blockade of sodium channels may play a role in this relaxation.
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PMID:Investigation of the mechanism of nicotine-induced relaxation on the sheep sphincter of Oddi. 1564 32