Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0406810 (NAME)
 13,345 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of this study was to investigate in human skin in vivo the role of nitric oxide in maintaining resting vascular tone, in the vasodilatation caused by local warming and by ultraviolet B light exposure, and in the response to exogenous calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Cutaneous blood flow was assessed by planimetry of the visible erythema or pallor and by laser Doppler flowmetry. Intradermal injection of the inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 25 nmol), into forearm skin produced a visible pallor and a reduction of blood flow at a controlled ambient temperature of 21 degrees C. The control, NG-nitro-D-arginine methyl ester (D-NAME; 25 nmol) or NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA; 25 nmol) did not cause pallor or reduce blood flow. L-NAME and L-NMMA caused dose- and time-dependent increases in pallor, and reductions in cutaneous blood flow in skin that had been locally warmed by immersion in water at 45 degrees C and in skin that had been exposed to ultraviolet B light. D-NAME and D-NMMA at comparable concentrations did not have the effects on skin blood flow observed with the L forms. L-NAME and L-NMMA both inhibited the increased blood flow in human skin caused by the intradermal injection of CGRP (12.5 or 25 pmol). The reduction of CGRP-induced increase of blood flow by L-NAME was reversed by L-arginine. Neither D-NAME nor D-NMMA inhibited the increase in blood flow caused by CGRP. Neither L-NAME nor L-NMMA inhibited the increase in blood flow in human skin caused by the intradermal injection of prostaglandin E2 (63 pmol). The data show that nitric oxide is involved in the maintenance of resting blood flow in human skin and also in the cutaneous vasodilator responses to local warming, ultraviolet B irradiation, or injection of CGRP.
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PMID:Inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase in human skin. 859 60

We report a case of paraneoplastic retinopathy in a patient who was found to have small cell carcinoma of the lung and was shown to have serum antibody against retinal soluble 70 kDa protein. A 71-year-old woman visited her ophthalmologist for gradual visual loss in both eyes. Although she underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery in her left eye, she was referred to our hospital because of progressive visual deterioration in November 1994. On admission, her corrected visual acuity was 0.3 OD and hand motion OS. Funduscopic examination showed narrowing retinal arteries, pigment epithelial mottling in the posterior retina bilaterally, and optic disc pallor in the left eye. An electroretinogram demonstrated marked reduction in the a and b waves. Bilateral central scotomas were detected by kinetic perimetry. We pursued further examination for systemic disease, and identified increased serum level of neuron specific enolase and radiographically abnormal shadow in the chest. Transcutaneous needle biopsy of the mediastinum confirmed small cell carcinoma. In western blot analysis the patient's serum reacted strongly with soluble retinal proteins of 70 kDa molecular weight, although the 26 kDa CAR antigen was not labeled. This patient was diagnosed as having paraneoplastic retinopathy due to small cell carcinoma and unusual serum protein which responded to an antigen with a molecular weight of 70 kilodaltons.
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PMID:[A case of paraneoplastic retinopathy with serum antibody against retinal soluble 70 kDa protein]. 902 14

We have investigated the mediators and mechanisms underlying the vasodilator effects of the potent vasoactive peptide, endothelin-1 (ET-1) and its isomers ET-2 and ET-3 in human skin, in vivo, using cutaneous microdialysis to quantify the release of mediators within the dermal response and scanning laser Doppler imaging to measure changes in blood flux. The effects of local anaesthesia, inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) by L-NAME and ET receptor blockade on the ET-induced vascular response were also investigated. ET-1, -2 and -3 all caused a dose-dependent area of pallor surrounded by a long-lasting flare which was accompanied by a short-lived burning pruritus. The concentration of nitric oxide (NO) in dialysate collected within the pallor response to 5 microM ET-1 (1.43 +/- 0.64 microM, n = 5) was not significantly different from baseline levels collected prior to injection (0.86 +/- 0.38 microM) whilst that in the flare increased to reach a peak value of 2.28 +/- 0.61 microM at between 4 and 10 min after intradermal injection (P < 0.004). Pretreatment with local anaesthetic slowed the development of the flare and significantly reduced its size by up to 52% at 20 min after injection (P < 0.05) but had no significant effect on the central pallor. L-NAME, delivered by dialysis also caused a significant reduction in the ET-1-induced flare (P < 0.005). Bosentan, the non-selective ET(A)/ET(B) antagonist, when given by dialysis at the site of injection, reduced the area of both the ET-1-induced pallor and surrounding flare by 41 and 26%, respectively. No significant increase in tissue histamine was measured within either the pallor or flare response to ET-1, -2 or -3. Together these data confirm that the vasodilator response to endothelin-1 in human skin is neurogenic in origin and that it is in part mediated by the local release of nitric oxide. There appears to be little evidence for the involvement of mast cell-derived histamine in the initiation or modulation of ET-induced vasodilatation, in vivo.
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PMID:The neurogenic vasodilator response to endothelin-1: a study in human skin in vivo. 1118 78

Autoimmune retinopathy (AIR) is a rare and still poorly understood immune-mediated disease that may cause inflammation from circulating autoantibodies against the retina. It may be related to history of autoimmune disease in the patient or in a family member or the presence of neoplastic disease in the individual. The disease may be subdivided into paraneoplastic and non-paraneoplastic AIR. When related to melanoma, it is referred to as MAR, and when related to other cancers, it is called CAR. The exact prevalence of AIR is unknown. It mainly affects older adults. Patients present with bilateral and asymmetric scotomas, photopsias, visual field defects, with rapidly progressive visual loss in late onset. In the initial stage, fundus examination is unremarkable, and in late stages, there is limited retinal epitheliopathy and vascular attenuation, with or without optic disc pallor, associated or not with intraocular inflammation and with no evidence of degenerative retinal disease. A clinical investigation with detailed anamnesis and laboratory tests should be performed to search for an associated neoplasm. Ophthalmologic and complementary examinations such as full-field electroretinogram, optical coherence tomography, visual field and fundus autofluorescence, help the diagnosis. Blood tests to search for autoantibodies should be requested. Management consists of prolonged immunosuppression, which may be combined with antioxidant vitamins. In general, the prognosis is uncertain, so the disease still needs to be better understood. More studies should be performed to improve diagnostic measures and define specific management that could preserve or even restore vision.
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PMID:Autoimmune retinopathy: A Review. 2934 Jan 69