Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The distribution of Pan cytokeratin and cytokeratin 18 in the dog and sheep urinary bladder and ureter as seen by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies is described. Both cytokeratins were observed in the urinary bladder and ureter of the studied species. Differences in their localization are described.
Gen Physiol Biophys 1999 Dec
PMID:Expression of cytokeratins in the urinary passages. 1070 52

Moderate cooling of smooth muscle can modulate force production and may contribute to pathophysiological conditions, but the mechanisms underlying its effects are poorly understood. Interestingly, cooling increases force in rat ureter, but decreases it in guinea pigs. Therefore, this study used ureteric smooth muscle as a model system to elucidate the mechanisms of the effects of cooling on excitation-contraction coupling. Simultaneous recordings of force, intracellular [Ca(2+)], and electrical activity were made in intact ureter and ionic currents measured in isolated cells. The increase in force amplitude in rat ureter with cooling was found to be due to a significant increase in the duration of the Ca(2+) transient. This in turn was due to a marked prolongation of the action potential. In guinea pigs, both these parameters were much less affected by cooling. Examination of membrane currents revealed that differences in ion channel contribution to the action potential underlie these differences. In particular, cooling potentiated Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) currents, which are present in rat but not guinea pig ureteric smooth muscle, and prolonged the plateau of the action potential and Ca(2+) entry. The force-Ca(2+) relationship revealed that the increased duration of the Ca(2+) transient was sufficient in the rat, but not in the guinea pig, to overcome kinetic lags produced in both species by cooling and potentiate force. Ca(2+) entry and release processes were largely temperature-insensitive, but the rate of relaxation was very temperature-sensitive. Effects of cooling on myosin light chain phosphatase, confirmed in experiments using calyculin A, appear to be the predominant mechanisms affecting relaxation. Thus, smooth muscle is diverse in its response to temperature, even when experimental variables, such as the mode of stimulation, are removed. Although the biochemical and mechanical events accompanying contraction are likely to be affected in similar ways by temperature, differences in electrical events lead to subsequent differences in these processes between smooth muscles.
J Gen Physiol 2002 Jan
PMID:On the mechanisms whereby temperature affects excitation-contraction coupling in smooth muscle. 1177 41

The stop flow technique was used to investigate the permeability characteristics of the dog nephron to various C(14)-labeled non-electrolytes. 12 minutes after clamping the ureter, creatinine, PAH, and C(14) compound were injected intravenously. 2 minutes later, urine samples were collected. Urea and glycerol were able to enter the tubular urine along the entire nephron at rates which were commensurate with their molecular weights. No significant movement of larger molecules (D-arabinose, D-glucose, and mannitol) could be detected. However, after administration of twenty units of pitressin, D-arabinose was able to diffuse across the distal and proximal tubular epithelium.
J Gen Physiol 1962 Mar
PMID:Transcellular diffusion of non-electrolytes across the renal tubular epithelium. 1448 56


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