Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) induced concentration-dependent contractions in human isolated ureteral strips in vivo. On the basis of available selective 5-HT agonists and antagonists, we have further investigated the receptors involved. At concentrations from 10 n m to 1 m m, 5-HT induced concentration-dependent contractions. Significant contractions were not observed with 5-HT1Aagonist 8-OH-DPAT (10(-9)-10(-4)m), 5-HT1Dalphaagonist sumatriptan (10(-9)-10(-4)m), 5-HT2agonist DOI (10(-9)-10(-4)m), 5-HT3agonist 2-methyl 5-HT (10(-9)-10(-3)m) and 5-HT4agonist renzapride (10(-9)-10(-3)m) on the human isolated ureter. On the other side, a 5-HT1-likeagonist 5-CT (10(-9)-10(-3)m) produced contractions on the isolated samples. The Emaxdeveloped by 5-CT was significantly smaller than that of the 5-HT (29% of 5-HT). Methithepin, the less selective 5-HT1/2antagonist (10(-9)-10(-6)m), 5-HT3antagonist, ondansetron (10(-9)-10(-5)m) and 5-HT4antagonist DAU 6285 (10(-8)-10(-6)m) did not antagonise the contractile responses to 5-HT. 10(-7)m ketanserin antagonised 5-HT induced contractile responses in ureteral strips. Additionally, combined administration of 5-HT4antagonist DAU 6285 (10(-6)m) and 5-HT1/2antagonist methithepin (10(-6)m) caused a rightward shift of the CRC of 5-HT yielding pEC50values of 4.68+/-0.15. 5-HT-induced contractile responses that were not abolished by TTX and atropine, thus supporting the suggestion that in the human, the contractile responses to cumulative addition of 5-HT of the ureter are not mediated by excitation of cholinergic neurons. In the present study the receptor mediating the contractile response to 5-HT in the human upper ureter could not be clearly designated 5-HT1-like, 5-HT2, 5-HT3or 5-HT4. This study suggests that contractile response to 5-HT in the upper segments of the human ureter appear to be mediated by an atypical 5-HT receptor subtype.
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PMID:Pharmacological analysis of 5-hydroxytryptamine effects on human isolated ureter. 1037 45

MMR gene mutations and MSI are not found in all clinically diagnosed HNPCC families. We evaluated whether MMR genotyping and tumor MSI analysis could identify distinct clinical subgroups among HNPCC families. Twenty-nine clinical HNPCC families were divided into 3 groups: A, families with hMLH1 or hMSH2 gene mutations; B, MMR gene mutations not present but MSI present in at least 50% of tumors tested; C, mutational and MSI analyses negative. We evaluated tumor spectrum, age at onset, risk of cancer in the follow-up and survival for CRC in the 3 groups. Tumors of the target organs in HNPCC (colon and rectum, endometrium, ovary, small bowel, stomach, renal pelvis and ureter) were more frequent in the first 2 groups than in the latter. Colon cancer was more frequently located in the proximal colon and showed an earlier age at onset in families with MMR gene mutation or with MSI than in families with stable tumors. Comparing the occurrence of tumors in the follow-up, in the first 2 groups patients younger than 50 years had a higher RR, which was particularly marked for CRC (RR = 18.6 for group A vs. group C, RR = 16.7 for group B vs. group C). CRC patients in the first 2 groups had a better clinical prognosis. The results of molecular analysis could distinguish, within clinically defined HNPCC families, different subgroups to which specific programs of surveillance could be addressed.
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PMID:Clinical and biologic heterogeneity of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. 1149 33