Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Most human pyelonephritis Escherichia coli isolates express both mannose (MS)- and globoside (Gal-Gal)-binding pili. An ascending E. coli urinary tract infection model was established in the 16-wk-old female BALB/c mouse to compare the pathogenic significance of MS and Gal-Gal pili and their efficacy as vaccines for the prevention of pyelonephritis. The distribution and density of pilus receptor compounds in urogenital tissues and as soluble compounds in urine were determined with antibodies to the synthetic receptor analogues, alpha D-Gal(1----4) beta D-Gal and alpha D-Man(1----2) alpha D-Man. Both carbohydrates were detected in vagina, bladder, ureter, and renal pelvis epithelium and in collecting duct and tubular cells. A pilus receptor compound also was detected in urine. It competitively inhibited the binding capacity of MS pili and was found to be physically, chemically, and immunologically related to Tamm-Horsfall uromucoid. Infectivity and invasiveness were quantitatively and histologically characterized for four E. coli strains: J96, a human pyelonephritis strain that expresses both MS and Gal-Gal pili; two recombinant strains prepared from J96 chromosomal DNA encoding MS pili or Gal-Gal pili; and the nonpiliated K12 recipient. Intravesicular administration of J96 (10(6) colony-forming units [CFU]) resulted in renal colonization and invasion in each of nine mice. The Gal-Gal clone (10(6) CFU) colonized the kidneys in each of 10 mice but did not invade. In contrast, the MS clone (10(6) CFU) did not colonize renal epithelium or invade. This effect was superceded when larger doses (greater than or equal to 10(10) CFU) of the MS clone were administered in volumes that cause acute vesicoureteric reflux. The efficacy was determined of vaccines composed of pure MS or Gal-Gal pili or the lipopolysaccharide containing O somatic antigen of the challenge strain, J96. The Gal-Gal pilus vaccine blocked renal colonization in 19 of 22 mice and renal invasion in 10 of 11 mice. Gal-Gal pili may be useful immunogens for the prevention of pyelonephritis in anatomically normal urinary tracts.
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PMID:Molecular basis of Escherichia coli colonization of the upper urinary tract in BALB/c mice. Gal-Gal pili immunization prevents Escherichia coli pyelonephritis in the BALB/c mouse model of human pyelonephritis. 285 30

In this study, we examined urinary levels of adrenomedullin (AM) in 18 healthy volunteers and 18 patients with cystitis. We also compared urinary levels of AM in 11 patients with cystitis before and after antibiotic treatment. Urinary AM concentrations were measured by a radioimmunoassay specific for human AM. Urinary AM levels in patients with cystitis were significantly elevated compared with those of healthy volunteers and correlated positively with the number of urine leukocytes. By antibiotic treatment, urinary AM levels significantly decreased as compared with before the treatment. By RNA blot analysis of AM transcript, we detected significant levels of AM mRNA in canine urinary bladder and ureter. Intravenous administration of lipopolysaccharide elevated the AM mRNA level in the urinary bladder. These data suggest that infection and inflammation stimulate AM production in the urinary tract, which results in increased urinary AM levels in patients with cystitis. Based on these results, it is deduced that AM participates in the pathophysiology of cystitis, and its urinary level could be used as an index of the degree of cystitis.
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PMID:Increased urinary levels of adrenomedullin in patients with cystitis. 1019 22

This study was performed to investigate the glomerular permeability alterations responsible for the microalbuminuria occurring in endotoxemia and during anaphylactic shock. In anesthetized Wistar rats, the left ureter was catheterized for urine collection while, simultaneously, blood access was achieved. Endotoxemia was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli, and glomerular permeability was assessed at 60 and 90 (n = 7) and 120 (n = 7) min. Anaphylaxis was induced by a bolus dose of Dextran-70, and glomerular permeability assessed at 5 min (n = 8) and 40 min (n = 9). Sham animals were followed for either 5 or 120 min. The glomerular sieving coefficients (theta) to fluorescein isothiocyanate-Ficoll (70/400) were determined from plasma and urine samples and assessed using size-exclusion chromatography (HPLC). After start of the LPS infusion (2 h), but not at 60 or 90 min, theta for Ficoll(70A) had increased markedly [from 2.91 x 10(-5) +/- 6.33 x 10(-6) to 7.78 x 10(-5) +/- 6.21 x 10(-6) (P < 0.001)]. In anaphylaxis, there was a large increase in theta for Ficolls >60 A in molecular radius already at 5 min, but the glomerular permeability was completely restored at 40 min. In conclusion, there was a transient, immediate increment of glomerular permeability in dextran-induced anaphylaxis, which was completely reversible within 40 min. By contrast, endotoxemia caused an increase in glomerular permeability that was manifest first after 2 h. In both cases, theta to large Ficoll molecules were markedly increased, reflecting an increase in the number of large pores in the glomerular filter.
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PMID:Effects of early endotoxemia and dextran-induced anaphylaxis on the size selectivity of the glomerular filtration barrier in rats. 1900 33