Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Quantitative immunohistochemistry was used to study the innervation of the ureter in adult rats pretreated with capsaicin as neonates (50 mg/kg) or as adults (100-150 mg/kg, 10-22 days prior to being killed) using antibodies against protein gene-product 9.5, neuron-specific enolase, substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, neuropeptide Y, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. The number of calcitonin gene-related peptide- and substance P-containing fibres was reduced in the subepithelial plexus (adult capsaicin treatment < 1%, neonatal treatment < 5% of control), the submucosa (adult treatment < 11%; neonatal treatment < 51%) and in the smooth muscle layer and adventitia (adult treatment < 11%; neonatal treatment < 58%). Fibres immunoreactive for protein gene-product 9.5, a general neuronal marker, were reduced to 11% (adult treatment) or 0.5% (neonatal treatment) in the subepithelial plexus, but unchanged in the other layers, indicating a selective regional degeneration. In the smooth muscle layer the number of neuropeptide Y- and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-containing nerve fibres was not altered by capsaicin. The number of neuropeptide Y fibres in the subepithelial plexus, however, was significantly increased after adult treatment (174% of control). After neonatal capsaicin treatment the intensity of the neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity was increased, more neuropeptide Y-positive nerve bundles were found and immunoreactive cell bodies were observed regularly in the adventitia of the ureter. The data indicate that capsaicin produces a selective degeneration of most afferent fibres in the subepithelial plexus of the rat ureter. This loss of capsaicin-sensitive afferent nerves evokes neuroplastic changes resulting in a hyperinnervation by neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive, presumably sympathetic fibres. The results suggest a mutual regulation of the pattern and density of innervation of peripheral target tissues by sensory and sympathetic neurons.
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PMID:Capsaicin treatment induces selective sensory degeneration and increased sympathetic innervation in the rat ureter. 767 16

A 73-year-old woman who had undergone resection of urothelial carcinoma (UC) (G3 > G2) of the ureter was also found to have UC (G3) in the urinary bladder, spread throughout the urinary bladder with multiple foci of carcinoma in situ and small papillary cancers. Total cystectomy was therefore performed. On detailed microscopic examination of the extirpated urinary bladder, multiple minute cell nests, 14 in number and less than 2 mm in diameter each, consisting of cells harboring small nuclei and clear cytoplasm, were incidentally detected within the sub-mucosal layer and the proper muscle layer, mainly in the posterior wall of the urinary bladder. Some cell nests were clearly associated with ganglion cells. The cells in minute nests were positive on Grimelius staining and also strongly positive on staining with antibodies to chromogranin A, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), synaptophysin, and vimentin on immunohistochemical staining. In addition, sustentacular cells in the minute cell nests were positive for S100 protein. Staining with antibodies to pancytokeratin AE1/AE3, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and p53 was negative in the cell nests. Based on these findings, the multiple minute foci were diagnosed as paraganglionic cells (PGCs) incidentally detected in the urinary bladder of an elderly woman, in association with UC. Although PGCs are rarely detected in adult human urinary bladder on routine histopathological examination, the possibility of their existence should be kept in mind by pathologists, especially in coexistence with UC. This is the first case of PGCs associated with UC in the human urinary bladder in the English literature.
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PMID:Multiple minute nests of incidentally detected paraganglionic cells associated with urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder in a 73-year-old woman. 1847 Jun 83