Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The distribution of neuropeptide Y in the ureter of the rat, rabbit, and man has been determined by radioimmunoassay and chromatographic analysis of the tissue extract. The localization of neuropeptide Y-immunoreactivity has been identified by immunocytochemistry. A regional distribution of neuropeptide Y was found; highest concentrations being present in the ureterovesical junction. Throughout the ureter, neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive nerve fibers were identified to surround the blood vessels and a few plexuses of neuropeptide Y-containing nerves were present within the muscle layers. Neuropeptide Y was not present within ganglion cells. Treatment of rats with 6-hydroxydopamine resulted in a significant reduction of neuropeptide Y concentrations in the upper, middle, and lower thirds of the ureter. This depletion in extractable neuropeptide Y was associated with morphologic changes typical of axonal degeneration of the neuropeptide Y-containing nerve fibers.
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PMID:Neuropeptide Y (NPY)-containing nerves in mammalian ureter. 210 1

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is widely distributed throughout the central nervous system and in several sympathetically innervated tissues, including the kidney. Although many central and peripheral acting endogenous compounds alter renal function, the role of NPY is unknown. Accordingly, we examined the effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) or intrarenal administration of NPY on sodium and water excretion in the barbiturate anesthetized rat. Sprague-Dawley rats were uninephrectomized 10 days prior to testing and, in rats undergoing ICV administration, cannulae were implanted 3 days prior to testing. For testing, rats were anesthetized (Nembutal) and the jugular vein, renal artery and ureter catheterized. The results showed that the intrarenal infusion of NPY at 1 microgram/kg/min increased sodium and water excretion relative to the saline control group without altering blood pressure or creatinine clearance. Similarly, ICV administration of NPY at 10 micrograms in a 5 microliters volume increased the excretion of sodium and water without altering blood pressure as compared to the artificial CSF group. These findings suggest that both central and peripheral NPY may contribute to the regulation of sodium and water excretion in the rat.
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PMID:Effects of central and peripheral neuropeptide Y on sodium and water excretion in the rat. 281 60

The distribution and patterns of colocalization of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and the catecholamine-synthesizing enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) were examined in nerve fibers supplying the human lower ureter using double label immunofluorescence. Many nerve fibers immunoreactive for NOS were observed within the ureter. Positive varicose fibers were seen running longitudinally within the smooth muscle bundles, particularly those of the inner layers of the ureter. Immunoreactive axons were also prominent within the subepithelium, and as plexi surrounding many blood vessels. The colocalization studies indicated that NOS was never present in presumptive sympathetic nerve fibers expressing TH. All fibers containing VIP, however, were also immunoreactive for NOS. In addition, a minor population of NOS fibers did not contain VIP. Neuropeptide Y coexisted with NOS in a significant number of nerve terminals, although fibers expressing only NPY were equally common. Several immunochemically distinct nerve populations can therefore be distinguished in the human ureter: (1) nerves containing NOS either with or without VIP; (2) NOS-immunoreactive fibers with NPY; and (3) those fibers expressing TH or NPY which do not contain NOS. The results indicate that some non-noradrenergic peptide-containing nerves in the human ureter have the capacity to synthesize nitric oxide (NO), and that NO may be involved in the regulation of ureteric motility.
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PMID:Colocalization of nitric oxide synthase with vasoactive intestinal peptide, neuropeptide Y, and tyrosine hydroxylase in nerves supplying the human ureter. 752 Sep 52

The neuropeptide- and catecholamine-synthesizing enzyme content and ultrastructure of the peri-ureteric ganglia of guinea-pigs were investigated. Small numbers of neuronal perikarya were present at frequent intervals forming ganglia close to, and along the entire length of, the ureter. Each of these ganglia was surrounded by a connective tissue capsule, and was located in the peri-ureteric connective tissues. Within each ganglion were typical nerve terminals and varicosities containing small, clear synaptic vesicles or synaptic vesicles with an electron-dense core, or a mixture of the two. In the ganglia, immunoreactivity to tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine beta hydroxylase, neuropeptide tyrosine, or vasoactive intestinal peptide was present in neuronal perikarya; immunoreactivity to substance P or leucine enkephalin was present in nerve terminals and varicosities. Electron-microscopic immunogold studies indicated that there was no coexistence of substance P and enkephalin in the nerve terminals, unlike related ganglia in the pelvis of guinea-pigs.
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PMID:An immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study of the peri-ureteric ganglia of the guinea-pig. 769 80