Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To describe a sympathetic afferent circuit, the left ureter was ligated in anesthetized rats for 1.5-2 h followed by immunocytochemical processing to localize expression of either the immediate early gene (IEG) c-fos or Krox-24 in the spinal cord or dorsal root ganglia (DRG). No IEG expression was detected in DRG. Both Fos and Krox-24 expression was found in the dorsal horn. More Fos immunocytochemically stained cells were found in the dorsal horn both ipsi- and and contralateral to the ligated ureter at spinal segments T10-T13 after ureteral than after either sham ligation or anesthesia control procedures. More Fos stained cells were in the dorsal horn ipsilateral to the ligated ureter than on the contralateral side. The Fos staining patterns in the dorsal horn of ligated and sham-ligated animals were similar with most labeled cells in dorsomedial portions of laminae I and II. In contrast, the Fos staining pattern in the dorsal horn in anesthetized animals (unoperated controls) was noticeably different from operated animals with the most Fos cells in the ventrolateral part of laminae I-II. These results indicate that (1) Fos Immunocytochemistry may be useful for tracing sympathetic afferent pathways, (2) the sensory pathway activated by ureteral ligation enters the spinal cord at lower thoracic levels, where renal and upper ureteral afferents are terminating, and (3) some of this sympathetic afferent pathway is located contralateral to the stimulated kidney. Neurons activated by ureteral ligation in the contralateral dorsal horn may mediate reno-renal reflexes.
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PMID:Ureteral ligation induces Fos expression in the dorsal horn. 881 99

The spinal processing of afferent input from the ureter was examined using an immunocytochemical technique to detect the expression of c-fos, an immediate early gene. Proximal and distal sites in one ureter were electrically stimulated separately or together at intensities that elicited a pseudo-affective response (an increase in arterial pressure). Very few Fos+ cells (range: 0.6-6.6 cells/half section were present in the L(1)-L(2), L(5)-S(2) spinal segments in sham operated control animals; however, following stimulation of the ureter, a significant increase in the numbers of Fos+ cells was detected at spinal levels L(1)-L(2) (mean 24.5-33.1 cells/half section) and L(6)-S(1) (mean 17.4-33.0 cells/half section). In L(6)-S(1), the numbers of Fos+ cells were significantly greater ipsilateral (mean 25.2 cells/half section) vs. contralateral (12.3 cells/half section) to stimulation; whereas in L(1)-L(2), the numbers were similar on both sides of the spinal cord. In L(1)-L(2), a greater percentage of Fos+ cells was present in superficial medial (MDH, 49.7%) and lateral dorsal horn (LDH, 40.8%); whereas in L(6)-S(1), the cells were more numerous in sacral parasympathetic nucleus (SPN, 38.7%) and LDH (25.6%*) regions. This distribution of Fos+ cells varies in a number of respects from that noted in previous experiments after chemical irritation of the urinary bladder and urethra which activated neurons only in L(6)-S(1) and primarily in the DCM and MDH. The results indicate that nociceptive afferent inputs from different areas of the urinary tract are processed in different regions of the spinal cord.
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PMID:Increased c-fos expression in spinal neurons induced by electrical stimulation of the ureter in the rat. 883 55

The sites of renal pain processing in the rat spinal cord were studied by mapping the spinal cord neurons expressing c-fos after acute ureteral distension due to obstruction. A new experimental model is presented. A nylon knot was loosely placed around the ureter and the ends of the thread exteriorized through the retroperitoneal wall. Eight days later, when all c-fos expression due to nociceptive input from the abdominal wound and the manipulation of the intestines had disappeared, the nylon ends were pulled to produce ureteral occlusion. C-fos activation occurred at spinal segments T10-L4 with a peak at L1-L2. The activated neurons were concentrated in laminae I, lateral IV-V, medial VII and X. While in lamina I nearly all Fos-immunoreactive cells were ipsilateral, in the deeper laminae taken together 60% cells were ipsilateral and 40% contralateral to the distended ureter. It is suggested that renal nociceptive input giving rise to conscious pain perception is transmitted through ipsilateral lamina I, whereas input triggering autonomic reflexes may be mainly processed, ipsi- and contralaterally, in the deep laminae.
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PMID:Sites of renal pain processing in the rat spinal cord. A c-fos study using a percutaneous method to perform ureteral obstruction. 947 Jan 45