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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Escherichia coli-induced pyelonephritis was studied in untreated alloxan-diabetic rats, insulin-treated diabetic rats, glucose water-drinking (diuresing) nondiabetic rats, and tap water-drinking (nondiuresing) nondiabetic rats following injection of E. coli either into the emptied urinary bladder, into the left kidney, or intravenously. For prevention of an ascending infection in the right kidney, the right ureter was ligated and transected immediately prior to bladder or intrarenal inoculation. These experiments established that in normal rats ascending renal infection alone occurred following introduction of small inocula into the bladder--and then only when facilitated by diuresis. In diabetic rats both ascending and hematogenous renal infection occurred following introduction of small inocula into the bladder. Insulin treatment that reduced hyperglycemia also reduced glycosuria and restored urinary antibacterial activity against small inocula of E. coli but only partially reduced polyuria and prevented hematogenous but not ascending infection. Thus, hyperglycemia was probably the major factor promoting hematogenous renal infection, whereas polyuria--and therefore vesicoureteral reflux--was the major factor promoting ascending infection.
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PMID:Effect of insulin treatment on the susceptibility of the diabetic rat to Escherichia coli-induced pyelonephritis. 638 97

Kidney function of the euryhaline toad Bufo viridis was studied in animals acclimated to tap water and solutions of NaCl (230 and 500 mosmol.kg-1 H2O) and urea (500 mmol.l-1) in steady-state conditions. An ureter was catheterized for continuous urine collection and blood was sampled from an iliac artery. A single injection of 3H-inulin served for estimation of glomerular filtration rate: this was in the range of 15-27 ml.kg-1.h-1 and did not differ significantly in any of the acclimation conditions. Urine flow, on the other hand, varied considerably and was highest in tap water (18.2 +/- 3.2 ml.kg-1.h-1; urine/plasma inulin ratio = 0.88), lower in 230 mosmol.kg-1 H2O NaCl solution (13.5 +/- 3.9 ml.kg-1.h-1; u/p inulin ratio = 1.73) and lowest in 500 mosmol.kg-1 H2O NaCl or urea acclimation solutions (5-7 ml.kg-1.h-1; u/p inulin = 3.7-4.2). Clearance of free water was high in the tap water group, lower in 230 mosmol.kg-1 H2O NaCl solution, and much lower in the hyperosmotic acclimation conditions. Clearances of both Na+ and Cl- were similar under our experimental conditions, but changed independently in accordance to the composition of the acclimation solution. Potassium clearance was similar in all acclimation conditions, and a constant plasma K+ concentration was maintained. Urea clearance was high in tap water and 500 mmol.l-1 urea acclimation groups and low in the NaCl acclimations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Renal function at steady state in a toad (Bufo viridis) acclimated in hyperosmotic NaCl and urea solutions. 773 33

Green toads (Bufo viridis) were acclimated to either tap water, 230 mOsmol NaCl kg-1 H2O (saline), 500 mOsmol NaCl kg-1 H2O (high saline), or 500 mmol L-1 urea. Renal functions for each acclimation group were studied on conscious animals that had one ureter chronically catheterized. Reciprocal immersion of tap-water- and saline-acclimated toads in the opposite solution did not stress the animals osmotically, and plasma osmolality increased or decreased by no more than 15%. However, urine osmolality and ionic composition changed immediately and profoundly on exposure to the other solution. Exposure of tap-water-acclimated toads to saline decreased urine flow by 30%, whereas the reciprocal immersion led to an increase of 30%. Immersion of tap-water-acclimated toads in high saline led to immediate cessation of urine flow, whereas immersion of 500 NaCl- or urea-acclimated toads in tap water led to a large increase in urine flow, with an overshoot that lasted 10 h (as a result of either salt or urea diuresis). Urine flow then stabilized at a level 5-6 times higher than the value attained at high-salt environment. On immersion of 500 urea-acclimated toads in 500 NaCl, urine flow doubled, accompanied by a change in ion composition, without change in the osmolality. In all experimental conditions, plasma potassium concentration was maintained within a narrow range. The results show that the toad's kidneys contributed efficiently both to osmo- and ionoregulation in a wide range of ambient solutions.
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PMID:Renal response of euryhaline toad (Bufo viridis) to acute immersion in tap water, NaCl, or urea solutions. 1006 26

A 52-year-old patient presented with a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm after bicycle trauma. He was treated with a vascular prosthesis. His postoperative recovery was complicated by acute renal failure with anuria for which he was commenced on dialysis. His main persistent symptoms were severe abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting as well as massive ascites. Despite several attempts of a diagnostic and therapeutic ascitic tap, we were initially unable to make a diagnosis. Following each attempted paracentesis, symptoms initially improved. Ascites did reaccumulate, however, and we had to continue with his dialysis. Measurement of creatinine in the ascitic fluid was the key to the correct diagnosis. The ascitic fluid creatinine was nearly 3 times higher than the serum creatinine. The consequent MRI scan of the abdomen with excretion urogram demonstrated a leakage of the left ureter at the junction of the proximal and the middle third of the ureter with contrast leaking into the surrounding fluid.
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PMID:[52-year-old patient with painful ascites following fall from a bicycle]. 1971 Oct 46