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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adult ureter epithelium of the golden hamster is found to be multilayered but not stratified. All epithelial cells are in contact with the basement membrane and thereby get into close vicinity to the underlying dense capillary network of the lamina propria. By this diffusion distances for nutritial fluids are kept very short. As can be seen from high glycoproteid and glycolipid content as well as high SDH, G6PDH and LDH activities, superficial cells are higher differentiated than intermediate and basal cells where enzyme activities and concentrations of glycoproteids and glycolipids are always found to be lower. From low RNA-concentrations in all layers of ureter epithelium, high G6PDH activity and glycolipid content, it is concluded that pentose-phosphate cycle primarily functions as donator of reduced NADP for lipid synthesis. Dual presence of SDH and LDH activities in ureter epithelium is seen in hypothetical connection with periods of changing oxygen supply caused by ureter peristalsis. Small amounts of glycogen are metabolically rather inactive as revealed by low or absent phosphorylase and UDPGGT activities.
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PMID:Histochemistry of the metanephros in the golden hamster. II. The adult ureter. 81 12

Acute disruption of the renal blood supply has been shown by several workers to alter renal cortical metabolic functions and some transport processes. The present study was designed to examine acute ischemic effects on transport functions for both organic and inorganic substances. Acute clamping of the renal artery, renal vein, and ureter for 45 min produces a reversible disruption of tissue electrolyte and water balance. Longer occlusion appeared to produce irreversible effects. Alpha-Aminoisobutyrate (AIB) and lactate-stimulated rho-aminohippurate (PAH) transport were altered selectively by the 45-min occlusion. A longer occlusion period also depressed base-line PAH and tetraethylammonium (TEA) transport. Some of the depression of the organic compound transport functions are reversible. Renal cortical oxygen consumption measured in vitro was affected minimally.
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PMID:Effects of acute anoxia on renal transport processes. 99 35

P-fimbriated Escherichia coli, which cause nonobstructive pyelonephritis, adhere to a specific urothelial glycolipid receptor. In either the presence or absence of reflux (in the area of turbulent urine flow) these bacteria ascend the ureter and cause a decrease in ureteral motility. Endotoxin causes peristalsis to cease, leading to ureteral dilatation and change in papillary shape, thus allowing intrarenal reflux and adherence of the bacteria to renal tubules. Bacterial infection of a refluxing ureter may cause reflux to persist. Once the bacteria reach the kidney rapid effects occur at the cellular level with activation of complement followed by granulocytic aggregation and capillary obstruction, causing renal ischemia and damage during reperfusion. In addition, during phagocytosis the respiratory burst occurs, releasing toxic oxygen molecules, which leads to renal tubular death, invasion of the interstitium, microabscess and renal scar formation, that is chronic pyelonephritis, which equates with reflux nephropathy.
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PMID:Vesicoureteral reflux and pyelonephritis in the monkey: a review. 143 97

The relationships between urine oxygen tension (PuO2), PaO2, and acute changes in renal arterial blood flow (RBF) were studied in 19 anesthetized dogs. Indwelling sensors that measure continuously PO2 were inserted into the femoral artery and the ureter. RBF was measured by an electromagnetic flowmeter placed over the renal artery. PuO2 increased significantly from 36 to 72 torr during a stepwise increase in PaO2 from 70 to 180 torr. RBF was decreased in a stepwise fashion from a baseline value of 5.51 to 4.16, 2.13, and finally to .20 ml/kg.min by aortic constriction. PuO2 decreased significantly from a baseline value of 72 torr to 66, 57, and finally to 23 torr. The correlation coefficient between RBF and PuO2 was .84, which was significantly higher than that between RBF and femoral arterial pressure or that between RBF and urinary flow rate. This study demonstrates that PuO2 is a sensitive indicator of acute RBF changes in normal, healthy dogs.
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PMID:Effect of acute changes in renal arterial blood flow on urine oxygen tension in dogs. 230 58

Oxygen free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of tissue injury consequent to ischemia/reperfusion in several different organs, including heart, bowel, and kidney. In this study, the protective effect of FOY, SOD, and PEG-SOD against kidney damage resulting from warm ischemia and reperfusion was investigated in the rat. FOY (Gabexate mesilate), one of protease inhibitor, has been suggested to inhibit the activity of superoxide in polymorphonuclear leucocyte in recent reports. PEG-SOD (polyethyleneglycol-modified SOD), recently synthesized on the basis of SOD, has an additional value in comparison with SOD. WKA rats underwent right nephrectomy, and occlusion of the left renal artery, vein, and ureter for 60 minutes. FOY (50mg/kg, DIV.) was administrated from 5 minutes before reperfusion to 5 minutes after reperfusion to the rat. SOD (2mg/kg, 5mg/kg, 10mg/kg, IV.) and PEG-SOD (2mg/kg, 5mg/kg, IV.) were administrated at 10 minutes before reperfusion. 48 hours after operation, the measurement of urine output (60 minutes) was made, and BUN, Cr, K, UUN, UCr were measured at this point. Creatinine clearance was calculated from these results. The left kidney was removed and histological examination was performed. Serum BUN, Cr level were greatly elevated, and creatinine was diminished in the group of ischemic untreated rats (n = 8). In the groups of rats treated with FOY (n = 9), SOD (5mg/kg, 10mg/kg; n = 5, respectively), and PEG-SOD (2mg/kg, 5mg/kg; n = 5, respectively), serum Cr was significantly lower and creatinine clearance was significantly higher than control untreated group. Furthermore, tubular injury was less in histological examination in these groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Experimental study on renal protection against damage in kidneys subjected warm ischemia--protective effect of FOY, SOD, and PEG-SOD on ischemic acute renal failure]. 251 Nov 30

A new method has been developed for effective normobaric transorganic oxygen preservation of the kidneys. According to this method, oxygen is insufflated simultaneously through an artery, a vein and a ureter. A portable autonomously-operated device has been developed and used successfully for its clinical application. In experimental conditions, transorganic oxygen preservation ensures viability of the preserved kidney for up to 48 hours, with immediate post-transplantation recovery of renal function, and for 72 hours, with delayed functional recovery. The success of transorganic oxygen preservation was controlled by cellular metabolism assessment. Changes in adenylic acid components, lactic acid and lipid peroxidation products were measured in renal tissue. In clinical conditions, the outcome of transplantation could be predicted with high probability on the basis of intraoperative transplant hemodynamic studies. Two groups of patients were compared: 43 patients to whom a cadaver kidney, preserved by transorganic oxygenation for up to 52 hours, was transplanted, and recipients of contralateral kidneys, obtained from the same donors and preserved in Eurocollins solution for not more than 26 hours without perfusion. Preservation by transorganic oxygenation was shown to be preferable when clinical results were analysed.
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PMID:[Substantiation and use of a new method of transorganic oxygen preservation of the kidneys]. 265 16

1. The ligation of one ureter is accompanied by compensatory hypertrophy of the contralateral kidney.2. The rate of growth of the contralateral kidney after ligation of the opposite ureter is similar to that observed after unilateral nephrectomy.3. Ligation of one ureter produced ipsilateral hydronephrosis.4. The development of hydronephrosis was accompanied by a marked increase of DNA, suggesting hyperplasia, and of the rate of anaerobic glycolysis, while the rate of oxygen uptake decreased, especially in the cortex.5. During compensatory hypertrophy of the contralateral kidney, after ligation of the opposite ureter, there were increases of RNA/DNA ratios and of oxygen uptake, especially marked in the cortex, and in every respect similar to those observed after unilateral nephrectomy.6. Ligation of one ureter resulted in an increase of glomerular filtration rate of the contralateral kidney similar to that observed after unilateral nephrectomy.7. The mechanisms of contralateral renal hypertrophy after ligation of one ureter and after unilateral nephrectomy are discussed. It is suggested that in both cases the prime mover to compensatory hypertrophy is the increase of glomerular filtration rate.
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PMID:Compensatory hypertrophy of the contralateral kidney after unilateral ureteral ligation. 505 34

To evaluate whether renal blood flow (RBF) can be monitored during acute change in cardiac index, ureter urine oxygen tension (PuO2) and bladder urine oxygen tension (PbO2) were measured in six mongrel dogs. PuO2, cardiac index, and RBF increased after dobutamine infusion and decreased after propranolol infusion. PuO2 had an excellent correlation with RBF (r = 0.94) and a fair correlation with cardiac index (r = 0.50) and mean blood pressure (r = 0.56); RBF had a fair correlation with mean blood pressure (r = 0.52, P < 0.05) but was not related to cardiac index. With multiple-regression analysis, PuO2 was found to be the significant factor related to RBF. PbO2 had a good correlation with PuO2 (r = 0.94) at control levels. Furthermore, when two dogs were added to evaluate relationships among PbO2, PuO2, and RBF, PbO2 had an excellent correlation with PuO2 (r = 0.92) and RBF (r = 0.91). These data indicate that PuO2 is a more sensitive predictor of RBF than cardiac index and mean blood pressure and that PbO2 can be a noninvasive indicator reflecting RBF during acute circulatory change in dogs.
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PMID:Monitoring urine oxygen tension during acute change in cardiac output in dogs. 755 20

The close similarities between the urinary tract of primates make it possible to use the monkey as a model for understanding the pathophysiology of pyelonephritis in the human. Basically, experimental protocols consist in introducing uropathogenic strains of E. coli into the bladder and/or the ureter in the monkey and to determine early and late consequences of the subsequent renal tissue infection. Lesions appear within the first minutes of bacterial invasion. They result from the virulence of the parasite, which pertains to multiple factors, with a prominent role of fimbrial adhesion. However, the defense mechanisms of the host better explain the renal tissue insult. They comprise early ischoemia due to granulocyte aggregation within the renal capillaries, followed by damage due to oxygen free radicals which are generated during reperfusion. The primate model of pyelonephritis is extremely useful to understand most clinical, functional and radiological events observed in the course of human pyelonephritis. This model also serves to test pharmacological manoeuvres aimed at preventing the renal tissue injury of pyelonephritis.
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PMID:[Contribution of experimental pathology to the understanding of human pyelonephritis]. 837 12

The aim of the study was to clarify the role of hypoxia of detrusor as a component of aging in establishment of urination disorders in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). A total of 54 patients were examined. Whether the capacity of detrusor to absorb oxygen was affected or not was judged by the difference in oxygen tension and acid-base balance in blood samples obtained intraoperatively from a radialis, v. mediana cubiti, v. vesicalis in 30 patients (experimental group) versus control values (5 females operated for stenosis of the distal ureter, ureterovaginal fistulas). The findings provided evidence for marked hypoxia of the detrusor diminishing reservoir function of the bladder and promoting urination disorders. A course of hyperbaric oxygenation given to 17 BPH patients has improved the capacity of the bladder for urine accumulation, reduced pollakiuria, especially at night. This supports involvement of detrusor hypoxia in pathogenesis of urination disorders in BPH patients.
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PMID:[The role of detrusor hypoxia in the pathogenesis of urination disorders in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia]. 903 7


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