Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tachykinin- and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) immunoreactivities were localized by immunohistochemistry in the same nerves of the kidney, renal pelvis and ureter as well as in spinal ganglion cells of both the guinea-pig and man. The tachykinin and CGRP-immunoreactive nerves in the ureter were present within the smooth muscle layers, around blood vessels, close to and within the lining epithelium. The levels of neurokinin A-, substance P- and CGRP-like immunoreactivity per tissue weight, as determined by radioimmunoassay, were about 30-100-fold higher in the guinea-pig than in the human ureter, which was in good agreement with the relative density of immunoreactive nerve fibres, as seen by immunohistochemistry. Capsaicin treatment caused an almost total disappearance of both neurokinin A-, substance P- and CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibres in the guinea-pig ureter and a 90% depletion of neurokinin A, substance P- and CGRP-like immunoreactivity, further supporting a sensory origin of these nerves. Reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography of water extracts of the human ureter revealed the presence of neurokinin A- and eledoisin-like material using antiserum K12, which does not cross-react with substance P. Most of the CGRP-like immunoreactivity in human ureter extracts co-eluted with synthetic human CGRP. Capsaicin both caused inhibition of spontaneous motility of the human ureter in vitro and initiated contractions in some preparations. Neurokinin A and neuropeptide K potently initiated phasic contractions of the ureter, while substance P had only minor contractile effects. CGRP inhibited both spontaneous and neurokinin A-induced ureteric contractions. In conclusion, peptides with potent opposite motility effects are present in the same, presumably sensory nerves of the ureter in both the guinea-pig and man. It will be of importance to determine whether local release of neuropeptides can account for ureteric motility changes accompanying sensory nerve activation upon ureteral obstruction, by e.g. renal calculi.
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PMID:Co-localization of tachykinins and calcitonin gene-related peptide in capsaicin-sensitive afferents in relation to motility effects on the human ureter in vitro. 350 48

A partial obstruction of the left ureter was created in six-week-old rats. The effects on renal function were studied after three, nine and 15 weeks, first in normal hydration, and then after extracellular volume expansion. Moderate hydronephrosis without parenchymal weight reduction developed within three weeks. The hydronephrotic kidney i) excreted during normal hydration less urine and sodium than the intact one, because of increased reabsorption, ii) was capable of reacting fully on volume expansion and iii) had, after volume expansion, a higher renal blood flow and GFR but also a higher reabsorption of water, sodium, potassium and osmoles, resulting in excretions similar to those on the intact side. The differences noted were small (less than 20%) except for sodium excretion. The hydronephrotic kidney seemed to tolerate an increase in ureteral resistance better than the intact one would do. There were no significant differences between the three, nine and 15-week groups, with regard to the effects on the hydronephrotic kidney. Thus, except for a tendency to sodium retention, the effects of partial ureteric obstruction in young rats seem to be relatively harmless and do not increase with time.
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PMID:Partial ureteric obstruction in the pubescent rat. I. Long-term effects on renal function. 359 70

Piezo-electric extracorporeal lithotripsy with ultrasonographic detection is performed with the following material according to the following technique: 1) A mobile firing head connected to the lumbar region by a simple inflatable cushion filled with sterile water. At the centre of the firing head, a 5 MHz real time transducer is used to locate the stone. 320 piezo-electric elements, arranged around the transducer, can induce, when focussed, a pressure of about 900 bars at the focal point in vitro. The focus is 15 mm X 5 mm. The generators are electronic. 2) The technique requires: understanding of ultrasonography in order to precisely locate the stone which, when it is intrarenal, is only missed in 1% of cases in our experience. Stones of the iliac ureter are not visible. Treatment requires the patient's confidence so that, due to the quality of the piezo-electric wave, no anaesthesia is necessary. The firing time should be relatively long (45 min to 1 hr) in order to ensure good fragmentation. 26% of patients require retreatment. Secondary complications are rare (3% of endoscopic treatments). The technique is now proposed in 90% of cases without admission to hospital. The simplicity of the manipulation of the apparatus must not mask the fact that it is a technique which requires perfect mastery. Only urologists familiar with stone pathology and who are able to treat the complications of lithotripsy by endoscopy or by surgery should perform extracorporeal lithotripsy.
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PMID:[Piezo-electric lithotripsy technic with echographic guidance (EDAP LT 01)]. 366 43

Twenty-five kidneys underwent nephrostomy puncture with placement of a pigtail catheter into an upper pole calyx for manometric recording during nephroscopy without a working sheath and with an Amplatz sheath with and without a Rutner adapter. Intrarenal pressures remained below 16 cm of water (H2O) at all times with the Amplatz sheath with or without a Rutner adapter, whereas without a sheath the pressures ranged from 15 to 31 cm H2O (i.e., pressures associated with significant pyelovenous and pyelosinus backflow). Similar results were obtained in monitoring intrarenal pressures during clinical procedures. A working sheath should be utilized for all percutaneous nephroscopic procedures to minimize the incidence of pyelovenous and pyelosinus backflow as well as of perirenal extravasation of the irrigation solution. Even with a wide-lumen ureteral catheter in place, drainage via the ureter is not sufficient to maintain the intrapelvic pressure in the physiologic range.
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PMID:Measurement of renal pelvis pressures during endourologic procedures. 367 83

The effect of probenecid on the plasma kinetics of sulfamonomethoxine (SMM) was examined in conscious pigs. A linear kinetic dose of SMM (10 mg/kg) was injected with or without probenecid. Probenecid (25 mg/kg, i.v.) was injected immediately before SMM injection and against at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 h later. The AUCs of SMM and of the acetylated compound of SMM (AcSMM) in probenecid injected animals were significantly larger when compared with those of non-injected animals (p less than 0.05). Next, possible active secretion from the renal tubule of SMM and its metabolites was examined using probenecid and pyrazinoate. Ten commercial pigs with ureter cannulae were used under anesthesia. The plasma concentration of SMM and AcSMM was maintained at a steady state by a priming dose of SMM (5 mg/kg, i.v.) followed by sustaining infusion (4 micrograms/kg/min). Renal clearance of AcSMM was suppressed by bolus injection of probenecid (25 mg/kg), but that of SMM was not. The renal excretion of a water soluble metabolite was suppressed by probenecid. No marked changes in renal excretory kinetics were found by pyrazinoate injection (12.5 mg/kg, i.v.). Consequently, the saturation in the active tubular secretion of AcSMM may play an important role in the nonlinear pharmacokinetics of SMM in pigs.
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PMID:Possible active tubular secretion of sulfamonomethoxine and its metabolites in pigs. 372 17

The effect of micropuncture of the renal papilla through an intact ureter on urinary concentrating ability of rats was examined. Micropuncture of the renal papilla caused a fall in urine osmolality in the punctured kidney from 1718 +/- 106 to 1035 +/- 79 mosmol/kg X H2O. In order to investigate the role of renal prostaglandins in this process, PGE2 excretion was measured and found to increase from 63.4 +/- 14.0 to 205.5 +/- 57.1 pg/min. Urine osmolality and PGE2 excretion from the contralateral kidney were not significantly altered. In animals given meclofenamate (2 mg/kg X hr), renal PGE2 excretion was reduced to 22.3 +/- 5.1 pg/min prior to micropuncture and it remained low at 8.9 +/- 1.8 pg/min after papillary micropuncture. Meclofenamate also blocked the fall in urine osmolality caused by micropuncture of the renal papilla, with urine osmolality averaging 1940 +/- 122 before and 1782 +/- 96 mosmol/kg X H2O after the micropuncture. These results indicated that papillary micropuncture through an intact ureter increased renal PGE2 excretion and that a rise in renal production of PGE2 or some other prostanoid is associated with a fall in urine concentrating ability.
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PMID:Role of renal prostaglandins in the fall in urine osmolality after papillary micropuncture. 386 79

To unanesthetized dogs with exteriorized ureter allowing separate collection of urine from both kidneys, furosemide 0.2 mg/kg b.w. or ethacrynic acid 0.22 mg/kg b.w. was given intravenously. The volume of collected urine and the excretion of sodium, chloride, potassium and calcium were studied. The dynamics of diuretic administration was programmed. After unilateral renal denervation furosemide or ethacrynic acid was given and the response of the denervated (left) and intact (right) kidneys was compared. Prior to renal denervation the same dogs were infused with a 15% mannitol solution in a quantity and at a rate causing an increase of diuresis approximately equal to that after renal denervation. The effect of furosemide given with and without mannitol infusion was compared. Description of the dynamics of renal excretory function used by us allowed to demonstrate the modulating role of renal nerves in the regulation of water, chloride and sodium excretion after the administration of diuretics. The principal part of the compensatory reabsorption of chloride after renal denervation occurred in the ascending limb of Henle's loop. Comparison of calcium excretion after renal denervation and administration of furosemide with that after mannitol and furosemide allows to assume that after renal denervation calcium load from the proximal to the distal tubules does not increase.
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PMID:Dynamics of renal excretory function after furosemide or ethacrynic acid administration to unanaesthetized dogs after mannitol infusion or chronic renal denervation. 392 Aug 69

Comparative effects of four prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors (PGSI) on the acutely obstructed kidney were studied using an intact canine model. Trigonal vesicostomies were constructed and totally implanted nephrostomy tubes were placed to monitor renal pelvic pressures. After recovery, experiments were run at weekly intervals with one drug administered each week in a random fashion. Complete ureteral obstruction was obtained using a Fogarty balloon catheter passed retrogradely into the distal ureter and inflated. When renal pelvic pressure reached 80 cm./H2O the designated PGSI was given and a repeat dose was given 30 minutes later. Mean blood pressure was also monitored during several experiments. With the first dose significant decreases in renal pelvic pressure were obtained with all drugs tested. Only ibuprofen showed a significant further decrease with the second dose. Ibuprofen showed the greatest decrease in pressure with the first dose, which was significantly greater than the other drugs tested. There was no association between mean blood pressure changes and the nadir of renal pelvic pressure.
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PMID:Comparative effects of four prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors on the obstructed kidney in the dog. 395 36

The effects of 22 micrograms/kg/h glucagon and 240 micrograms/kg/h ritodrine infusions on the electrical activity and the intraluminal pressure of an acutely obstructed canine ureter have been studied. Acute obstruction of the ureter increased the rate of peristalsis from 7.05 (+/- 0.61) to 19.87 (+/- 0.47) per minute and the intraluminal pressure rose to a maximum of 124 cm water. Glucagon and ritodrine infusions reduced the rate of peristalsis to 6.32 (+/- 0.73) and 5.83 (+/- 0.84) respectively, whilst the intraluminal pressure was reduced by 43% during the glucagon infusion and 51% during the ritodrine infusion. The effect of ritodrine was more prolonged than that of glucagon.
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PMID:The effect of ritodrine and glucagon on the acutely obstructed canine ureter. 396 35

Serum concentrations of urea and creatinine, urinary clearances of urea and creatinine, and urine concentrating ability have been proposed as measures for determining renal function in patients with urinary diversion through intestinal segments. Intestinal segments reabsorb urinary solutes, including urea and creatinine, complicating these methods of assessing renal function. This study employs a canine model in which urinary clearances of urea, creatinine and inulin are determined through a normal renal unit and ureter and compared with the contralateral renal unit which has had its ureter replaced by a segment of ileum. Urea, creatinine and inulin are reabsorbed by the ileal segment. Reabsorption of each of these solutes is dependent on urinary flow. The clearance of these solutes through the renal unit with the interposed ileal ureter approaches that of the contralateral renal unit under maximal degrees of diuresis. Creatinine and inulin clearances obtained during diuretic states give the most accurate indication of true renal function. These solutes are reabsorbed to a lesser extent than urea. Diuresis minimizes reabsorption of all these solutes by the ileal segment. Urine concentration does not reflect distal tubule function since the ileal segment reabsorbs urinary solutes and is freely permeable to water.
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PMID:Determination of renal function following urinary diversion through intestinal segments. 397 7


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