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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have reviewed our experience in 311 cases of urologic trauma seen at Detroit General Hospital. A properly organized emergency surgery team is necessary to handle these types of injures effectively. We feel that, whenever possible, evaluation of any patient suspected of genitourinary trauma should be accomplished by a urologist before the patient enters the operating room. We approach renal injuries with a conservative viewpoint, trying to preserve as much renal tissue as possible, yet realizing that at time an aggressive approach to renal injuries is necessary to accomplish this and to save the patient's life. The injuries of the renal pelvis and ureter should be treated by debridement and a water-tight anastomosis with a fine absorbable material. It is our impression that patients suffering from gunshot wounds, because an ideal anastomosis is not possible, do better with a stented anastomosis. Ruptures of the bladder are simple to repair and attention is focused on the diagnosis and exploration of associated ureteral injuries. The prostatomembranous disruptions are without question one of the most difficult injuries in urology. Although we attempt to stent the urethra in order to align the ends, we condemn a vigorous attempt with interlocking sounds or other instruments since they may lead to iatrogenic injuries of the urogenital diaphragm. In these cases suprapubic cystostomy drainage and secondary repair is indicated. Our results with a group of patients with injuries of the anterior urethra showed that the overwhelming majority of these patients did well with a suprapubic cystostomy and drainage with no immediate repair.
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PMID:Urologic injuries. 85 34

Retention of contrast medium in the renal pelvis for several days after urography is illustrated in 2 cases of obstructing urinary stones. In a third case water-soluble contrast medium was used for retrograde pyelography before nephrectomy and was retained in the stenotic ipsilateral ureter 7 1/2 months after the operation. A further case exemplifies retention in the seminal vesicles 2 months after vasoseminal vesiculography.
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PMID:Retention of the water-soluble contrast medium in the urinary and genital tracts. 86 Jun 55

The mammalian renal pelvis has previously been regarded as having no physiological function other than that of a receptacle for the urine before it moves through the ureter. It has long been known that the renal pelvis in mammals shows elaborate extensions that bring the urine in intimate contact with outer and inner medullary tissue. The epithelium covering these areas is of a type that indicates that transport of solutes and water can take place across it. Physiological studies have shown that urea and water readily move across the renal papillary epithelium. The pronounced ability of ruminants to conserve urea when placed on a low protein diet coincides with a highly developed renal pelvis with specialized fornices and secondary pouches. It is suggested that urea conservation in low protein animals takes place partly in the renal pelvic extensions where urea is returned to the blood. A hypothesis is also proposed for the concentrating mechanism in which recycling of urea from the pelvic urine across the papillary epithelium plays an important role.
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PMID:Excretion in mammals: role of the renal pelvis in the modification of the urinary concentration and composition. 90 83

The effect of injections of ovine prolactin on kidney structure was examined in the first 10 days following transfer of seawater sticklebacks to fresh water. In hormone injected animals as well as in controls the glomeruli increase slightly in size after transfer. The podocytes intensify the secretion of mucopolysaccharides, which is indicative of increased turnover of the components of the glomerular basal lamina. The nuclei of the podocytes become enlarged, while those of the juxtaglomerular cells decrease in size. These changes are related to the well known rise of the glomerular filtration rate following transfer to fresh water. Structural indications that prolactin is involved in the control of glomerular filtration were not found. The epithelial cells of the three nephronic segments and of the ureter become considerably better developed after transfer to fresh water. Cell height, nuclear and mitochondrial volume, and surface of the membranes of the basal labyrinth increase in all tubular epithelia, although not to the same extent. Increases are moderate in the first proximal segment, but increasingly higher for the second proximal segment, collecting duct and the ureter. Especially the growth of membrane surface of the basal labyrinth, site of ion transport mechanisms, is impressive. In controls, values characteristic for freshwater fishes are reached in 6 to 9 days for all parameters for cellular development. Prolactin injections greatly stimulate growth rates in all tubular epithelia: freshwater values are reached within 3 days. No further increase was found, however.
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PMID:The effect of prolactin on kidney structure of the euryhaline teleost Gasterosteus aculeatus during adaptation to fresh water. 94 16

Chronic obstruction is characterized by a marked degree of ureteral dilatation and tortuosity which develops in the presence of a relatively low intraluminal pressure. To define the mechanism for the development of this relationship, the pressure-tension-deformation relationships of acute and chronically obstructed ureters were investigated. Rabbit ureters, in vivo, were obstructed and deformation correlated with intraluminal pressure. During the initial 3 h of obstruction, ureteral resting pressure increased from approximately 0 to 42 cm H2O, and diameter increased 16% with a slight increase in length. Subsequently, average wall tension (tensile stress) and intraluminal pressure declined, although deformation persisted. Between 6 h and 8 days after the onset of obstruction, intraluminal pressure remained essentially unchanged. During this time interval, ureteral deformation continued gradually and progressively as the ureter underwent creep both circumferentially and longitudinally. This was associated with a marked increase in average wall tension. At 8 days the diameter had increased by 170% and the length by 25%.
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PMID:Time course of ureteral changes with obstruction. 96 89

Acute disruption of the renal blood supply has been shown by several workers to alter renal cortical metabolic functions and some transport processes. The present study was designed to examine acute ischemic effects on transport functions for both organic and inorganic substances. Acute clamping of the renal artery, renal vein, and ureter for 45 min produces a reversible disruption of tissue electrolyte and water balance. Longer occlusion appeared to produce irreversible effects. Alpha-Aminoisobutyrate (AIB) and lactate-stimulated rho-aminohippurate (PAH) transport were altered selectively by the 45-min occlusion. A longer occlusion period also depressed base-line PAH and tetraethylammonium (TEA) transport. Some of the depression of the organic compound transport functions are reversible. Renal cortical oxygen consumption measured in vitro was affected minimally.
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PMID:Effects of acute anoxia on renal transport processes. 99 35

The reabsorption and excretion of sodium, chloride, potassium and water were investigated subsequent to loading with saline solution before and after unilateral hydronephrosis with partial obstruction to flow had been induced in 23 dogs by ligation of the ureter over an indwelling catheter. In the experimental kidney the increase in the total excretion of sodium and chloride and of water in per cent of GFR and the decrease in the reabsorption of sodium, chloride and potassium in per cent of the filtered loads were statistically significant. The glomerulotubular balance was altered statistically probably significantly, but the relation between the capacities for reabsorption of sodium and glucose was maintained. The renal pelvic dilatation was measured and plotted against the degree of renal functional impairment. A statistically significant inverse correlation was noted between renal pelvic volume and reabsorption of sodium and of chloride in per cent of the filtered loads. The osmolality of the urine was the parameter showing the most marked difference between the hydronephrotic and the contralateral kidney. For sodium and chloride the difference between the two sides in the reabsorbed amount in per cent of the filtered load was correlated probably significantly to the degree of renal pelvic dilatation.
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PMID:Renal function in experimental chronic hydronephrosis. IV. Renal handling of sodium and water. 99 53

The oral administration of N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine (DHPN) in drinking water induced lung tumors in high incidence in rats at 25 weeks. Histologically, they were adenoma, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and combined squamous cell and adenocarcinoma. Metastases of adenocarcinoma were observed in regional lymph nodes. The development of tumors in other sites was seen in the liver, thyroid, kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, and pancreas. The incidence of lung tumor was distinctly higher than that of other sites. These results indicate that the target organ of DHPN was the lung and that oral administration of this chemical carcinogen was responsible for the development of lung carcinomas in rats.
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PMID:Lung carcinomas induced by oral administration of N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine in rats. 102 5

The concentration of major urinary solutes was studied in ureteral urine collected at 15- to 30-s intervals at the onset of acute diuresis induced in anesthetized dogs either by high-ceiling diuretics (mainly ethacrynic acid) or by osmotic diuretics. Phosphate/inulin clearance ratios remained unchanged; potassium/inulin clearance ratios rose rapidly. Principal attention is given to the mechanisms underlying a transient rise in urinary sodium and chloride concentrations during the onset of diuresis. When the data are corrected for washout artifacts from the pelvis and ureter, it can be shown that the initial collection periods are associated with a transient increase in free-water production and by the simultaneous secretion of urea from the interstitium into the tubular fluid. The former coincides in time with the rise in urinary chloride concentration and represents an augmentation of water reabsorbed in the collecting duct, which is relatively impermeable to chloride. Both responses are quantitatively consistent with the transition from a hyperosmotic to isosmotic medullary interstitium.
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PMID:Electrolyte excretion and free-water production during onset of acute diuresis. 113 May 34

This paper describes a new technique for recording intraureteric pressures (ureterometry) and its application in the examination of ureteric peristalsis in 20 women. A multichannel catheter, connected to pressure transducers permits recording of the intraureteric pressure simultaneously at three levels, 5-7, 15-17, 25-27 cm from the ureteric orifice. The mean amplitudes of the peristaltic waves at these 3 levels were about 14, 19 and 26 cm H2O, respectively. The peristaltic travel rate averaged 33 mm per second in the lower and 40 mm per second in the upper part of the ureter. This technique was also used to study the ureteral function in women undergoing Wertheim hysterectomy. Moreover it was used to investigate the influence of different drugs and anaesthesias on ureteral motility. Simultaneous ureterometry and ureteropyelography gave the opportunity to correlate the morphology of the ureter to the intraureteric pressure. From consideration of space the results of these investigations are presented elsewhere (Ulmsten, 1974a).
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PMID:Recording of intraureteric pressures in women with a new technique. 120 79


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