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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The relation between the inhibitory action of prostaglandin (E1 (PGE1) and external Ca concentration was investigated using the guinea-pig isolated ureter and the perfused central artery of the rabbit isolated ear. PGE1 20 ng/ml reduced the ureteral contraction evoked by a single electrical stimulation. This inhibitory action of PGE1 was enhanced with a decreased external Ca concentration. PGE1 100 ng/ml also reduced Ca-induced contracture of the ureter depolarized in Ca-free K(80 mM)-Krebs' solution. Furthermore, PGE1 50 ng/ml inhibited the responses of peripheral vascular resistance to noradrenaline, and this effect increased with a reduced external Ca concentration.
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PMID:Inhibitory action of prostaglandin E1 on smooth muscle contraction and calcium responses. 70 5

Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) hyperpolarized the smooth muscle cells of guinea-pig ureter in normal Krebs solution and was without effect on ureters depolarized in KCl Krebs, PGE1 inhibited both electrically induced contractions and K+-induced contractures of the ureters. Conditions that favored greater tension development by the ureters, namely, high [K+] or high [Ca-2+] reduced the inhibitory effects of PGE1 on the K+-induced contractures. Depolarization of guinea-pig ureter with KCl Krebs led to an increase in radio-calcium content of the tissue over a 30 min loading period. This increase in the tissue's radio-calcium content was further increased by PGE1 but not by theophylline, PGE1 was found to have no effect on either total calcium content or the calcium efflux from the tissue. It is suggested that PGE1 exerts its inhibitory action by increasing calcium sequestration at the inner surface of the cell membrane.
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PMID:The inhibitory effects of prostaglandin E1 on guinea-pig ureter. 113 21

In vitro tissue culture techniques were employed to study the effects of bacterial endotoxins on the growth of normal epithelial cells from the human ureter (NHU). Primary cultures of NHU cells were initiated from explant outgrowth cultures of human ureteral tissue and cultured on collagen gel in F-12* medium containing 1% fetal calf serum (FCS). Optimal clonal growth of secondary cultures of NHU cells seeded at relatively low seeding cell densities, directly on plastic dishes, was achieved in F-12* medium containing bovine pituitary extract (0.5% BPE) and 0.05% BSA. Results indicated that insulin in the F-12* medium could be replaced by three orders of magnitude less IGF-1. Further clonal growth experiments demonstrated that PGE1 is growth stimulatory and can replace BPE as a growth factor requirement. This finding was in agreement with the fact that BPE growth requirement could be replaced by cholera toxin or dibutyryl cAMP. These results suggested that both BPE and cholera toxin operated by activation of a cAMP-dependent mitogenic pathway. Seven gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and three gram-positive bacterial lipotechoic acids (LT) were tested for their effects on NHU clonal growth. Three out of the five LPS derived from Escherichia coli (strains 055:B5, 0128:B12, and 0127:B8), LPS from Klebsiella pneumoniae, and LPS from Pseudomonas aeruginosa all showed significant growth inhibitory effects at minimally effective doses ranging from 5 to 25 micrograms/ml. LPS derived from E. coli strain (0111:B4) had no growth effects at the highest concentration tested (100 micrograms/ml). In contrast, LT derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, S. faecalis, Staphylococcus aureas, and Bacillus subtilis all markedly enhanced clonal growth at concentrations ranging from 1 microgram/ml less than [LT] less than 50 micrograms/ml. LT from Strep. pyogenes was inhibitory to clonal growth at 100 micrograms/ml. The growth inhibitory effects of LPS were shown to be sensitive to the presence of hydrocortisone in the growth medium, indicating that LPS effects on growth are mediated via the arachidonic acid cascade. We speculate that these results indicate a link between the susceptibility of uroepithelial tissue to the pathogenic microflora seen in urinary tract diseases and the differential sensitivity of proliferation-competent uroepithelial cells to growth inhibition by LPS produced by gram-negative bacteria. However, further studies with uropathogenic serotypes will be necessary to corroborate this possibility. The growth-stimulating activity of LTs produced by gram-positive bacteria may be due to their ability to bind to cell-associated fibronectin and to activate the fibronectin receptor as part of ligand receptor-induced mitogenic transmembrane signalling pathway.
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PMID:Effects of growth factors, hormones, bacterial lipopolysaccharides, and lipotechoic acids on the clonal growth of normal ureteral epithelial cells in serum-free culture. 173 Jul 86

A 39-year-old female with AML (M2) underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) on July 8th, 1991. The post transplantation course had been going well until day 85 post BMT, when severe hemorrhagic cystitis with right hydronephrosis and ureter stenosis developed. Adenovirus type 11 was isolated from the urine. She received instillations of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) directly into the bladder after the appearance of clots in the urine. Complete resolution of hematuria was obtained by two courses of this treatment. PGE1 bladder instillations seem to be effective for the control of hematuria caused by severe hemorrhagic cystitis after BMT.
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PMID:[Prostaglandin E1 bladder instillations for a patient with severe hemorrhagic cystitis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation]. 836 82

Effects of prostaglandin E1, E2 and F2 alpha (PGE1, PGE2 and PGF2 alpha) on the changes in the adenylate cyclase (AC) activities of rabbit urinary tract tissues were studied in order to clarify whether the PGs' actions are mediated by cAMP in the urinary tract. AC activities were measured by the method of Salomon et al. The three PGs studied were all found to increase the AC activities dose-dependently in the renal pelvis, ureter, bladder dome and bladder base. Among the changes in AC activities, PGE1 and PGE2 significantly increased the AC activities of the renal pelvis and ureter. PGE1 significantly increased the AC activities of the bladder dome. It was reported that Ca2+ influx plays an important role in the PGs' action on the urinary tract. Our data suggest that the PGs act on the urinary tract via cAMP as well as Ca2+ influx.
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PMID:[Effects of prostaglandin E1, E2 and F2 alpha on the changes in the adenylate cyclase activities of rabbit urinary tract tissues]. 838 21

Urethral bladder substitution is traditionally suggested to good prognosis cystectomized patients. In our series this diversion was chosen for all but the salvage cystectomized men. Between the 1st of February 1991 and the 30th of April 1996, one hundred consecutive men underwent lower urinary tract reconstruction after radical cystoprostatectomy for bladder cancer. An orthotopic ileal neobladder was constructed (in 84 cases according to Kock's technique and in 16 to Studer's technique). Total early complication rate was 29% (29/100), including one perioperative death due to sepsis (mortality rate 1%). 13 patients required surgery (6 retroperitoneal hematomas, 2 wound dehiscences, 1 urinary fistula, 1 lymphocele, 1 rectal-neobladder fistula, 1 rectal-cutaneous fistula, 1 necrosis of the terminal ureter). The late complication rate was 19% (19/100); in 8 cases reparative surgery was required (1 mechanical ileus, 2 bladder neck stenoses, 3 stenoses of the ureteral anastomosis, 2 laparoceles). Four patients were lost at the follow-up; out of the 96 remaining patients only 85 were evaluable for continence: continence during the day was achieved in a period between there to six months in 78 patients (91.7%); night continence was achieved with planned awakenings in 60 patients (70.5%). Eight patients recovered potency, another 7 had successful intercourses after PGE1 intracavernous injection. Renal function based on creatinine value was mildly impaired in 5/78 evaluable patients (6.4%) (peak creatinine 2.8 mg%). In 29 patients tumour progression was observed (29%): 9 pelvic and 20 metastatic. Among the latter 2 urethral recurrences were observed (2%). Twenty-four patients died for metastatic cancer, one for primitive lung cancer, one patient for postoperative septic shock. Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered in 11 patients without complication with an indwelling catheter in the neobladder to avoid drug reabsorption. Four patients showed complete response (2 are alive after a mean of 12 months), 6 were non responders and 1 had a partial response. In our series the ileal neobladder is a feasible method of urinary diversion when urethral cancer involvement is ruled out. Early and late complications are proportionally decreasing with experience and overall continence is satisfactory. The fate of the neobladder depends on both the technique and patient's compliance. Only educated patients can cope successfully with neobladder diversion without major complications. All the patients operated for non salvage cystectomy deserve to be diverted with a continent urethral bladder substitution.
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PMID:[100 orthotopic neobladders in men after cystectomy: a 5-year experience]. 902 35