Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The secretion and synthesis of renin were studied in mice by measuring aortic, right and left renal vein renin, renal renin, and mRNA for renin. The role of the macula densa was evaluated in a kidney made hydronephrotic by tying the ureter 6 weeks earlier. There was no net secretion of renin from the left hydronephrotic kidney even when the mice were placed in a high secretory state by sodium restriction or enalapril. Sodium restriction and enalapril increased renin content to a similar extent in the normal and hydronephrotic kidney. High sodium intake decreased renin content in the normal and hydronephrotic kidney and also decreased the enalapril-stimulated renin content. Changes in mRNA in the same direction to renal renin implied that this was due to increased synthesis. Thus secretion and synthesis of renin can be disassociated. The macula densa is important for renin secretion but not for the stimulation of synthesis.
 ...
PMID:Role of the macula densa in renin synthesis and secretion. 806 May 79

Escherichia coli is the microorganism most commonly isolated from human urinary tract infections. Earlier studies by others have shown that bacterial attachment and production of toxins (e.g., lipopolysaccharides [LPS]) enhance recruitment of leukocytes to the infection site and mucosal inflammation. The mechanisms by which these changes occur have not been completely defined. In the present study, epithelial cell cultures isolated from the human ureter (UT cells) (A. Elgavish, J. J. Wille, F. Rahemtulla, and L. Debro, Am. J. Physiol. 261:C916-C926, 1991; J. J. Wille, J. Park, and A. Elgavish, J. Cell. Physiol. 150:52-58, 1992) served as a model system with which to explore the mechanisms of action of Escherichia coli and E. coli LPS in UT cells. E. coli adhered to UT cells and inhibited carrier-mediated sulfate uptake to half of that in untreated UT cells, suggesting that the intracellular pool of sulfate available for sulfation may be lower in infected cells and may lead to the production of undersulfated glycoconjugates. Incubation of UT cells with E. coli LPS inhibited carrier-mediated sulfate uptake to an extent similar to that caused by whole E. coli, indicating that the effect of E. coli on sulfate uptake may be mediated by LPS. LPS caused an increase in Na+ content in rapidly proliferating UT cells but not in quiescent cells. We postulated that this change in the intracellular ionic environment or changes coupled to it (e.g., pH or Ca2+ levels) may serve as a transducing signal. This possibility was supported by the fact that LPS stimulated clustering of ICAM-1 on the cell surface of rapidly proliferating but not quiescent UT cells. This study suggests that, in vivo, LPS stimulation of ICAM-1 clustering on the surface of the urothelium may allow more effective binding of leukocytes. This may be the mechanism underlying earlier findings in vivo indicating a role for LPS in the recruitment of leukocytes to the urinary tract as a host defense mechanism following urinary tract infection.
 ...
PMID:Effects of Escherichia coli and E. coli lipopolysaccharides on the function of human ureteral epithelial cells cultured in serum-free medium. 810 8

Neuroendocrine light yellow cells of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis express a neuropeptide gene encoding three different peptides. The morphology of the cell system has been studied by in situ hybridization, using two synthetic oligonucleotides encoding parts of light yellow cell peptides I and III, and by immunocytochemistry with antisera to synthetic light yellow cell peptide II and to two fragments of light yellow cell peptide I. One large cluster of light yellow cells was observed in the ventro-lateral protrusion of the right parietal ganglion, smaller clusters lying in the posterior dorsal part of this ganglion and in the visceral ganglion. The cells had an extended central neurohaemal area. Immunopositive axons projected into all nerves of the ganglia of the visceral complex, into the superior cervical and the nuchal nerves, and into the connective tissue surrounding the central nervous system. Axon tracts ramified between the muscle cells of the walls of the anterior aorta and of smaller blood vessels. Peripheral innervation by the light yellow cell system was only found in muscular tissue of the ureter papilla. The antisera to the two peptide fragments of light yellow cell peptide I not only stained the light yellow cells, but also the identified yellow cells, which have previously been shown to produce the sodium influx-stimulating neuropeptide. The latter cells were negative to the in situ hybridization probes and antisera specific to the light yellow cell system. It is therefore unlikely that the yellow cells express the light yellow cell neuropeptide gene. Nevertheless, the cells contain a neuropeptide sharing antigenic determinants with light yellow cell peptide I.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Functional morphology of the light yellow cell and yellow cell (sodium influx-stimulating peptide) neuroendocrine systems of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis. 811 42

We report a case of active tuberculosis associated with a right nonfunctioning kidney and nearly total loss of bladder capacity. Percutaneous nephrostomy and right nephroureterectomy were performed while the patient was undergoing triple drug therapy. Definitive surgical treatment consisted of ileal bladder augmentation and ileal ureter replacement. Normal urodynamics of the upper urinary tract and normal voiding with complete return of bladder capacity were achieved. Metabolic acidosis was treated successfully by sodium hydrogen carbonate.
 ...
PMID:Ileal bladder augmentation combined with ileal ureter replacement in advanced urogenital tuberculosis. 815 83

Rat experiments demonstrated that cystamine showed a dose-dependent effect in renal ischemia. Ischemia was induced by ligation of renal vessels and the ureter for 90 minutes. Unithiol given in a single dose before ischemia produced no protective effect. Preadministration of sodium nitrite in doses causing slight to moderate hemic hypoxia could not diminish reoxygenation ischemic lesions.
 ...
PMID:[The action of sulfur-containing and methemoglobin-forming compounds in renal ischemia]. 831 3

We report a rare case of obstructing sodium urate stones occurring in the form of extensive deposition on the wall of isolated ileum for replacement of the entire ureter. The stones were disintegrated and removed with a rigid ureteroscope and an electrohydraulic lithotriptor. Hyperuriaciduria, excessive alkalization of urine and urinary stagnation due to reflux, mucous retention, and prostatic hyperplasia were considered as the etiologic factors in the stone formation.
 ...
PMID:Extensive, obstructing sodium urate deposition on wall of isolated ileum for replacement of entire ureter. 832 30

We isolated and characterized a cDNA clone, encoding the prohormone of the sodium-influx-stimulating (SIS) peptide of the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis. The prohormone is cleaved to generate a signal peptide of 23 amino acids and a SIS peptide of 77 amino acids. The SIS peptide as encoded by the cDNA represents a novel and complex neuropeptide, which controls the activity of sodium pumps in the integument, pericardium, ureter and nephridial gland. In situ hybridization showed that the SIS-peptide gene is expressed by the neuroendocrine, so-called Yellow Cells of the central nervous system.
 ...
PMID:cDNA cloning of the sodium-influx-stimulating peptide in the mollusc, Lymnaea stagnalis. 834 6

Membrane ionic currents were recorded using whole cell and patch clamp techniques in smooth muscle cells isolated from various organs to clarify the mechanisms underlying the diversity of membrane excitability. Components of inward and outward currents upon depolarization were resolved from one another kinetically or pharmacologically and were analyzed and compared in these cells under the same conditions. Cells were isolated from the ureter (UT), urinary bladder (UB), vas deferens (VD), aorta (AT), pulmonary artery (PA), taenia caeci (TC) and ileum (IL) of the guinea pig; the femoral artery (FA), portal vein (PV) and iris sphincter (IS) of the rabbit; the stomach fundus (SF) of the rat; the trachea (TR) of the dog and the coronary artery (CA) of the pig. Action potentials were elicited by depolarization in cells from UT, UB, VD, TC, IL, SF and PV, but not in those from AT, PA, FA, IS, TR and CA. Currents identified included Ca2+ currents, Na+ current, Ca(2+)-dependent K+ current, two kinds of delayed rectifier K+ currents which were pharmacologically distinguished by sensitivity to 4-aminopyridine, and Ca(2+)-independent A-type transient K+ current. The membrane excitability including the action potential configuration in each cell type can be roughly explained by a combination of these currents, taking their amplitude and features into consideration.
 ...
PMID:[Mechanisms involved in diversity of membrane excitability in smooth muscle cells]. 839 Mar 91

1. Chronic hypoxic rats are always polycythaemic. It is possible that an increase in packed cell volume may enhance erythrocyte trapping with a consequent increase in renal damage after renal ischaemia. These experiments were designed to assess renal functional changes after renal arterial occlusion in chronic hypoxic rats. 2. Chronic hypoxic rats were prepared by exposure (15h/day) to an altitude chamber (5486m) for 4 weeks. 3. After 45 min of left renal arterial occlusion, there were significant decreases in the excretion of potassium, p-aminohippurate and inulin and in the p-aminohippurate extraction ratio in 12 sea level ischaemic insulted kidneys. In 12 chronic hypoxic rats, the same parameters were changed after left renal ischaemia but only the p-aminohippurate ratio was significantly altered. 4. Administrations of 1 or 5 mg/kg phosphoramidon did not cause any significant improvement in the measured renal parameters in both kidneys and in both groups of rats after ischaemia. 5. In the second experiment, the rats were challenged by rapid infusion of 10 ml of saline intravenously, and urine was collected for 90 min from each ureter. Four hours after left renal arterial occlusion, the insulted kidney showed increased water and sodium excretion in both sea level and chronic hypoxic rats. However, 24 h after left renal ischaemia, the responses of sea level and chronic hypoxic rats were different. Urinary excretion was significantly reduced in sea level rats, but was almost normal in chronic hypoxic rats. 6. This report suggests that some beneficial factors after chronic hypoxia might play important roles in reducing the damage after renal ischaemia.
 ...
PMID:Renal functional response to ischaemic renal failure in chronic hypoxic rats. 840 80

The duration of the AP plateau was shown to be controlled by the Na+ and Li+ ions in the solution incubating the smooth muscle of the ureter. Addition of ouabain to the sodium solution or replacement of the Na+ ions by the Li+ those shorted the plateau duration. The generation of the AP plateau seems to be due to participation of the Na(+)-Ca++ exchange mechanism.
 ...
PMID:[The mechanisms of the formation of the plateau phase of the ureteral action potential]. 851 39


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10