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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Some historical aspects of ureterosigmoidostomy are described, and various techniques are discussed and illustrated. Our own satisfaction with the results when the procedure is done through the open sigmoid colon is expressed. Ureterosigmoidostomy, which has in some surgeons' hands fallen into disuse, will continue to be used and probably should be used more than it is at present. When ureterosigmoidostomy is done meticulous care is important in producing a long submucosal tunnel with direct anastomosis of the ureter to the bowel. Preoperative bowel preparation is mandatory. Patients who have undergone ureterosigmoidostomy should remain on a low chloride diet indefinitely with an adequate supplement of sodium potassium citrate to diminish the dangers of electrolyte imbalance and hyperchloremic acidosis. Careful postoperative management and followup care are vital to success.
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PMID:Ureterosigmoidostomy. 32 3

An easy and cheap method for culturing Neisseria is developed. The medium for gonococci is prepared as proposed by the producer (BBL, Oxoid, Hoechst). About 8 ml of the medium are poured in sterile air-tight stool tubes of 25 ml volume. Materials to be examined for gonococci are taken from the cervix, ureter or anus and are inoculated on the medium. A small piece (20-30 mg) of the GasPak tablet (BBL) is then deposited in the tube and closed immediately. The GasPak tablet consists of sodium bicarbonate and citric acid which, if they come in contact with humidity, produce CO2 gas. The inoculated tube is then put in an incubator at 37 degrees C for 14-24 h. This method gives a good microbiological result. With the aid of the oxidase reaction the colonies take a brown-black color. For further differentiation of the species the sugar fermentation method is necessary.
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PMID:[Neisseria gonorrhoeae culture: development of an easy method]. 40 61

Three cases of necrotizing and calcifying lesions of low urinary tract, buttock and adjacent perineum are reported. These lesions have been induced by direct syringe injection into an umbilical artery of 42% sodium bicarbonate solution at the dose of 5 to 6 ml/kg of body weight. Radiographic examinations are very important to study the urinary tract lesions. These have been surgically controlled in two cases. The follow up ranges from 10 to 21 1/2 months. On the bladder initial necrotizing lesions are followed by calcification and parietal retraction. These bladder lesions induce a more or less important ureterohydronephrosis. To these constant lesions are variably associated urethral calcifications and stenosis, distal ureter calcifications. These lesions seem to be related to the sodium bicarbonate hyperosmolality, to the injection conditions, and to the local hemodynamic features.
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PMID:[Severe urinary tract and cutaneous lesions after umbilical cord artery puncture and direct injection of hypertonic sodium bicarbonate to the newborn in the delivery room. Report of three cases (author's transl)]. 52 33

1 The responses of the guinea-pig taenia coli, urinary bladder, and the rabbit portal vein to ultraviolet (u.v.) light were compared to those elicited by purinergic nerve stimulation and exogenous adenosine triphosphate (ATP).2 In the presence of sodium nitrite, u.v. light between 340-380 nm produced a maximum relaxation of the taenia coli. The relaxation was reversible and fast in onset. It was unaffected by atropine, guanethidine or low concentrations of phentolamine or propranolol. When the tone was low, the relaxation was usually followed by a ;rebound contraction' upon cessation of stimulation. Thus, the response to u.v. light closely resembles the responses to both purinergic nerve stimulation and exogenously applied ATP.3 U.v. light did not initiate impulses in purinergic nerves since its action was unaffected by tetrodotoxin; nor did it release ATP from nerve terminals (in contrast to its release during purinergic nerve stimulation). The adenosine-uptake inhibitor, dipyridamole, which potentiates the responses to purinergic nerve stimulation and ATP, did not affect the response to u.v. light.4 Agents known to alter postjunctional responses to purinergic nerve stimulation and ATP also altered the response to u.v. light. High concentrations of the 2-substituted imidazoline compounds, antazoline and phentolamine, which antagonize the responses to purinergic nerve stimulation and ATP, reduced the responses to u.v. irradiation. The prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, indomethacin, which abolishes the ;rebound contraction' following stimulation of purinergic nerves, also blocks the ;rebound ;contraction' following u.v. irradiation. Increases in the K(+) concentration produced parallel changes in the inhibitory responses to u.v. light and purinergic nerve stimulation.5 U.v. light produced relaxation and inhibition of spontaneous activity of the rabbit portal vein (relaxed by ATP), but had no effect on the guinea-pig urinary bladder (contracted by ATP) and ureter (unaffected by ATP).6 It is suggested that u.v. light is acting on some part of the purinergic receptor complex which is involved in the mediation of inhibitory responses to ATP and purinergic nerve stimulation, and may therefore provide a way of investigating the chemistry of inhibitory purinergic receptors.
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PMID:Comparison of the effects of ultraviolet light and purinergic nerve stimulation on the guinea-pig taenia coli. 62 41

Changes in the excretion of water and electrolyte in one kidney after exclusion of its partner have been studied in anesthetized dogs and rabbits. Complete clamping of the contralateral kidney pedicle or ureter results in a rapid increase in the excretion of water, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphate and bicarbonate. This response is also observed in denervated kidneys. Pretreatment with the loop inhibitor, furosemide, does not preclude adaptation which, however, is blunted by acetazolamide, an inhibitor of proximal sodium and bicarbonate reabsorption. Free-water reabsorption during hypertonic saline diuresis is normal in the remaining kidney. Compensatory adaptation, thus, appears to be located in the proximal tubule. The regulatory response to contralateral kidney exclusion is already fully developed in one-month-old rabbits. Compensatory adaptation of electrolyte excretion is not accounted for by changes in extracellular fluid volume, plasma composition, glomerular filtration rate, effective renal plasma flow, aldosterone or vasopressin.
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PMID:Studies on compensatory adaptation of renal functions. 73 47

The renal and proximal tubule response to contralateral kidney exclusion was studied in a variety of circumstances. Recollection micropuncture studies were performed to assess the response to contralateral kidney clamping in the normal or a remnant kidney of the dog. Acute clamping of the contralateral kidney for a normal and unilateral remnant kidney resulted in marked reduction in proximal TF/P inulin ratios in the experimental kidney reflecting a 15 percent reduction in fluid reabsorption. Mean fractional excretion of sodium, potassium and water increased significantly in remnant kidney dogs but no significant change was observed in normal dogs except for potassium excretion. The marked reduction in proximal reabsorption occurred as soon as 5-15 minutes after contralateral kidney clamping and was compensated by distal reabsorption. Acute obstruction of the contralateral ureter results in a similar markedly reduced proximal tubular reabsorption. The reduction in proximal reabsorption induced by contralateral clamping occurred in the presence of reduced perfusion pressure and volume expansion and to some extent with renal denervation. When prostaglandin E(2) or acetycholine were infused prior to contralateral kidney clamping, proximal reabsorption remained at control levels and the contralateral clamping response was blocked. Similar blockade occurred after treatment with indomethacin. Acute reduction in nephron mass causes a marked depression of proximal tubular sodium and fluid absorption not obviously accounted for by hemodynamicphysical factors and humoral factors may be involved. The level of distal reabsorption to increased proximal delivery following contralateral clamping, determines the net urinary excretion.
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PMID:Acute functional adaptation to nephron loss: micropuncture studies. 73 48

The functional damage caused by vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) has been examined by unilateral clearance studies in 22 children with recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) and representing 23 kidneys with large VUR. 7 kidneys with small to moderate VUR and 14 kidneys without VUR. Inulin clearance, Na+ excretion and glucose reabsorption were determined. In kidneys without or with small and moderate VUR, UTI had no effect on renal function if treated. In kidneys with large VUR extending into the pelvis and dilating the ureter, there was a gradual deterioration of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) that was accelerated after the age of 6 yr. Before puberty more than 50% of renal function was lost despite strict medical care of the UTI. If this functional loss was unilateral, hyperfunction of the contralateral kidney was generally observed. Maximal glucose reabsorption was depressed in proportion to GFR. In kidneys with unilaterally low GFR, the fractional Na+ excretion was consistently increased as compared to the contralateral kidney with normal GFR. This adaptive increase in Na+ excretion must therefore be of intrarenal origin.
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PMID:Effect of vesicoureteral reflux on renal function in children with recurrent urinary tract infection.s. 78 86

Experiments were performed on the smooth muscle cells of the guinea pig ureter by means of the double sucrose-gap method. An increase of Ca2+ concentration (22 mM/1) in Ringer-Locke solution causes hyperpolarization and a slight increase of the membrane resistance. The amplitude of the first spike potential and the plateau decreases, the amplitude of oscillations increases. In sodium-free Ringer-Locke solution when the action potential in the smooth muscle cells of the ureter turns into a simple spike potential, an increase of Ca2+ concentration causes a marked increase of the action potential amplitude.
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PMID:[Effect of increased calcium ion concentration on the electrical and contractile activity of guinea pig ureter smooth muscle]. 88 49

Investigations were conducted with the combination of N1-(4,5-dimethyl-2-oxazolyl)-sulfanilamide (sulfamoxole) and 2,4-diamino-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-benzyl)-pyrimidine (trimethoprim) (CN 3123, Nevin, Supristol) in a dose ratio of 5:1, with respect to pharmacological activity and possible side effects. The effects obtained with the combination CN 3123 were compared with those of the single substances. In a dose range comparable to that as used in clinical treatment, there were no effects on cardiovascular or respiratory functions, on functions of autonomic and central nervous system, on contractility of smooth muscles and on data of clinical chemistry such as urine and electrolyte excretion, blood sugar, blood coagulation and liver function tests. Doses which are 5 to 10 times higher than the initial dose or 10 to 20 times higher than the maintenance dose used in man caused an increase of urine and sodium excretion without influencing potassium and chloride output. There were no signs of sedation as alteration of motility or EEG patterns, but in mice and rats there was an increase in both duration and depth of anaesthesia caused by barbiturates or ether. Only in a dose range 30 to 40 times higher than the initial dose for man there were some slight alterations with respect to cardiovascular system and liver function tests. In vitro, with high concentrations of CN 3123 there was a weak, unspecific spasmolytic effect on the isolated ureter and an increase in the refractory period of the guinea pig atrium. There were no hints that the side effects seen with separate administration of high or very high doses of sulfamoxole or trimethoprim were increased or poteniated by their simultaneous administration. Slight side effects in animals were only observed with doses exceeding the tenfold of the doses for therapeutic use in men. Therefore, the therapeutic range of CN 3123 seems to be more than adequate.
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PMID:[Pharmacological investigations with the combination sulfamoxole/trimethoprim, a new broadspectrum chemotherapeutic agent (author's transl)]. 94 23

The reabsorption and excretion of sodium, chloride, potassium and water were investigated subsequent to loading with saline solution before and after unilateral hydronephrosis with partial obstruction to flow had been induced in 23 dogs by ligation of the ureter over an indwelling catheter. In the experimental kidney the increase in the total excretion of sodium and chloride and of water in per cent of GFR and the decrease in the reabsorption of sodium, chloride and potassium in per cent of the filtered loads were statistically significant. The glomerulotubular balance was altered statistically probably significantly, but the relation between the capacities for reabsorption of sodium and glucose was maintained. The renal pelvic dilatation was measured and plotted against the degree of renal functional impairment. A statistically significant inverse correlation was noted between renal pelvic volume and reabsorption of sodium and of chloride in per cent of the filtered loads. The osmolality of the urine was the parameter showing the most marked difference between the hydronephrotic and the contralateral kidney. For sodium and chloride the difference between the two sides in the reabsorbed amount in per cent of the filtered load was correlated probably significantly to the degree of renal pelvic dilatation.
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PMID:Renal function in experimental chronic hydronephrosis. IV. Renal handling of sodium and water. 99 53


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