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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. The intracellular Na+ activity (aNai) of the smooth muscle cells from guinea-pig ureter has been measured using double-barrelled Na+-sensitive micro-electrodes. aiNa in modified Krebs solution at 35 degrees C was of a mean 7.4 +/- 2.9 mM (n = 32, S.D. of an observation), equivalent to a Na+ equilibrium potential (ENa) of +66.7 mV. Membrane potential (Em) was of a mean -50.8 +/- 4.6 mV. 2. Inhibition of the Na+ pump by application of ouabain or removal of external K+ (K+o) resulted in a restricted rise of aNai. The rate of rise was faster in the presence of ouabain (10(-4) M) but the stabilized aNai was not significantly different from that observed after the prolonged absence of K+o. The mean aiNa recorded after prolonged Na+ pump inhibition was 20.6 +/- 5.5 mM (n = 28), equivalent to an ENa of +39.6 mV. Neither removal of K+o after aNai had stabilized in the presence of ouabain nor application of ouabain after aNai had stabilized in K+-free solution caused a rise in aiNa, suggesting that the Na+ pump was fully inhibited by either procedure. 3. Reduction of Na+o resulted in a rapid fall in aiNa against the electrochemical gradient, both before and after Na+ pump inhibition. At each level of Na+o, aNai stabilized such that ENa remained approximately constant in either condition. Readdition of Na+o resulted in a rapid recovery of aNai. 4. Elevation of Ca2+o (at constant Na+o) caused a fall in aNai of much the same time course as that observed on reduction of Na+o, both before and after Na+ pump inhibition. The extent of the fall was dependent upon the initial aNai. Reduction of Ca2+o resulted in a rise in aNai. 5. Elevation of the external divalent cation concentration with Mn2+ or, to a lesser extent, Mg2+ reduced aiNa in the presence of a functional Na+ pump. But after prolonged exposure to ouabain or K+-free solution, elevation of Mg2+o had no effect on aiNa while application of Mn2+o caused a slow rise. These results suggest that Ca2+o affects aiNa in two ways. One is mimicked by Mg2+ and Mn2+ and is probably due to alteration of the Na+ leak. The other is a specific effect, revealed by Na+ pump inhibition. 6. It is concluded that aiNa can be maintained far from equilibrium in the absence of a functional Na+ pump. Several lines of evidence are discussed which indicate the participation of Na+-Ca2+ exchange in Na+ extrusion in this condition.
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PMID:Investigation of factors affecting the intracellular sodium activity in the smooth muscle of guinea-pig ureter. 244 70

1. After application of ouabain (10(-4) M), the intracellular Na+ activity (alpha iNa) of smooth muscle cells in the guinea-pig ureter stabilizes at a relatively low level which can be rapidly lowered by reduction of external Na+ (Na+o) or elevation of Ca2+o. Both these procedures also elicit a transient contracture. These observations have previously been interpreted as evidence for Na+-Ca2+ exchange. The presence of such an exchange mechanism has now been further investigated by measurements of alpha iNa, tension, ion analysis and 22Na efflux. 2. Ion analysis demonstrated that tissues were able to maintain a high cellular K+ content in the presence of ouabain, but slowly lost K+ and gained Na+ if K+o was also removed, as expected for an infinite outward gradient for K+ and a fully inhibited Na+ pump. 3. Tissues were only able to maintain a low cellular Na+ and high cellular K+ in the presence of ouabain if Ca2+ was present in the bathing solution. Reduction of Ca2+o to very low levels also caused a continual slow rise in alpha iNa in the presence of ouabain, provided that the prolonged depolarization caused by these low levels was prevented by elevation of Mg2+o. Alteration of the membrane potential by changing K+o at constant Na+o showed that alpha iNa decreased by about 1.2 mM for a 10 mV depolarization, within the range from -70 to -30 mV. 4. A small Ca2+o-activated 22Na efflux was observed in ouabain-treated tissues in the absence of Na+o. 40 mM-Ca2+ was not more effective at activating this efflux than was 2.5 mM-Ca2+, while 40 mM-Mg2+ was ineffective. Restoration of the normal Na+o caused a large increase in the rate of 22Na loss. 5. Application of Mn2+ in the presence of ouabain caused a slow rise in alpha iNa and a small decline in resting tension. The fall in alpha iNa on reduction of Na+o was slowed by the presence of Mn2+ (mean half-time increased from 1.7 to 5.0 min) and the concomitant contracture was almost abolished. These results are consistent with a Mn2+-induced inhibition of Na+-Ca2+ exchange. However, the fall in alpha iNa induced by elevation of Ca2+o was unaffected by the presence of Mn2+ and the attendant contracture was, if anything, enhanced. 6. Observation of changes in alpha iNa and tension at various Mn2+ and Ca2+ concentrations demonstrated a competitive interaction between the two divalent cations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:An investigation of sodium-calcium exchange in the smooth muscle of guinea-pig ureter. 245 Oct 7

The effects of Ca(2+)-precipitating anions (oxalate and phosphate) and effective inhibitors of endo/sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium pump (thapsigargin and cyclopiazonic acid) on azide-insensitive (5 mM) Mg2+,ATP-dependent Ca2+ accumulation in microsomes of ureter smooth muscle cells were studied. Oxalate (0-20 mM) and phosphate (0-60 mM) stimulate Mg2+,ATP-dependent Ca2+ accumulation. Thapsigargin and cyclopiazonic acid at 100 nM and 20 microM, respectively, completely inhibited (i.e., down to the level in the absence of oxalate) Ca2+ accumulation activated by 10 nM oxalate. These inhibitors only partially inhibited Ca2+ accumulation activated by 40 mM phosphate. Mg2+,ATP-dependent Ca2+ accumulation in microsomes, which is inhibited by thapsigargin and cyclopiazonic acid and activated by oxalate or phosphate, can result from functioning of calcium pump in endoplasmic reticulum of ureter myocytes. The inhibition constant, Ki, was calculated by the method of Hill and it was 0.3 nM and 0.2 microM for thapsigargin or cyclopiazonic acid, respectively. Mg2+,ATP-dependent Ca2+ accumulation in microsomes, which is insensitive to thapsigargin or cyclopiazonic acid and activated by phosphate, can result from functioning of calcium pump in plasma membranes of ureter myocytes.
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PMID:[Two components of sodium-azide insensitive Mg2+,ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport in ureteral smooth muscle membrane structures]. 903 37

The aim of this study is to evaluate the changes in Doppler resistive index (RI) and plasma creatinine and magnesium concentrations after unilateral ureteral obstruction in a rabbit model. Fourteen adult female rabbits were used in this study. In seven rabbits, the left ureter was ligated with silk suture, and the control group was sham operated. Before surgery and on the second and seventh days after surgery, blood samples were obtained to measure plasma creatinine and magnesium concentrations. Doppler RIs of both kidneys were also measured before surgery and on the second and seventh days after the surgical procedure. With regard to magnesium levels, there was a significant within-subjects sessions difference [F(2, 20) = 15.21, P= 0.001] indicating a decrease through sessions. Magnesium concentrations decreased significantly at the postoperative second and seventh days compared to preoperative baseline levels (P= 0.003 and P= 0.001, respectively). Multifactorial analysis of variance was applied for each session separately with laterality, and groups as factors. The Doppler RI and the creatinine level did not show any significant differences or interactions for all sessions (P > 0.05). The decreasing plasma magnesium concentration after surgery may indicate ureteral injury; however, Doppler studies and creatinine levels may not be useful as well.
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PMID:How can we predict ureteral obstruction after gynecological surgery? The changes in Doppler resistive index and plasma creatinine and magnesium concentrations after surgical, unilateral ureteral obstruction in a rabbit model. 1644 61

Urolithiasis is a common urologic disease. Stones may occur in the kidney, ureter, or urinary bladder. We collected 1,000 stone samples in the subtropical area of southern Taiwan. Stone components were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Mixed components of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate were the most common form of stones (52.3%), followed by calcium oxalate (27.8%) and calcium phosphate (9.3%). Uric acid stones accounted for 7.6%. Magnesium ammonium phosphate stones accounted for 3.0%. Only one cystine stone was found. In the study of urinary stone formation mechanism and prevention of recurrent urolithiasis, knowing the stone composition is important.
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PMID:Urinary stone analysis of 1,000 patients in southern Taiwan. 1733 67