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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The ureteral pressure/flow perfusion study has lately been repopularized and its use demonstrated in many forms of suspected obstructive uropathy. The present study was undertaken to compare the ureteral pressure/flow perfusion study with a radioisotopic method of investigating ureteral obstruction. The 2 methods were evaluated with a mongrel canine laboratory model. Both diagnostic modalities were employed concomitantly on intact renoureteral units; first with the ureter unobstructed, then after submission to varying degrees of ureteral occlusion. Analysis of data from these studies shows that the curve pattern produced by the computer generated 99mTc-DTPA renogram is as accurate as ureteral pressure/flow perfusion study in determining the presence and degree of ureteral obstruction.
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PMID:Evaluation of normal and pathologic ureteral dynamics: comparison of a radioisotopic method with ureteral pressure/flow perfusion study. 704 96

The function of the ileo-ureter and the operated kidney was investigated by means of the camera functional scintigraphy in 23 dogs operated under different techniques. This non-invasive examination was carried out with two different radio-remedies (131I-Hippuran and 99mTc-DTPA) by a gamma camera microprocessor. The direct single-layered ileo-ureteric anastomosis showed the best urine transportation. This method has a great practical importance in the opinions of the authors.
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PMID:[Functional ability of the ileo-ureter determined by camera function scintigraphy]. 709 Apr 62

Alterations on the upper urinary-tract and on the kidney have been investigated by histology and scanning-electron-microscopy (SEM) in an animal study on the rat. Examinations have been performed 7, 14, 28 and 56 days after double-ligating the ureter. The documentation shows the developed alterations which are remarkable in the area of the papilla and medulla of the kidney, whereas the glomerula are nearly unchanged in comparison with the controls. At the same time function-tests with radioactively labelled Jodium-Hippuran and technetium-DTPA have been performed. The nephrograms in the region of interest technique showed after 14 days isosthenuria and after 4 weeks no signs of any function on the operated side.
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PMID:[Micromorphological and functional alterations of the kidney during persistent ureteral obstruction (author's transl)]. 735 23

Iohexol and 99mTc-DTPA were used in 43 patients to determine the relative glomerular filtration rate (GFR), i.e., the GFR of each kidney in percent of total GFR. The amount of any GFR marker accumulating in Bowman's space, tubuli and renal pelvis within a few minutes after i.v. injection, before any marker had left the kidney via the ureter, was defined as proportional to the GFR of that kidney. The renal accumulation of iohexol was determined by CT using 10 slices of 8-mm thickness 1 to 4 minutes after injection. The renal accumulation of 99mTc-DTPA was determined with a gamma camera within 2 minutes after injection. The correlation coefficient between the two methods was 0.98. Due to the higher radiation dose from CT than from 99mTc-DTPA injection, relative GFR determination with CT should be performed when there is also a diagnostic need to reveal morphology.
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PMID:Determination of the relative glomerular filtration rate of each kidney in man. Comparison between iohexol CT and 99mTc-DTPA scintigraphy. 761 22

The effects of internal stenting of a normal ureter on the upper urinary tract were studied in 34 male rabbits by plain films, intravenous urograms, and 99mTc-DTPA renography at weekly intervals. Moreover, pressure-flow studies of the upper urinary tract were performed, and urine specimens for culture were obtained preoperatively and at the time of sacrifice. Histopathologic examination of the kidney, ureter, and ureterovesical junction was performed after animal sacrifice. Hydroureteronephrosis and stasis with equivocal obstruction were noted after 1 week of stenting. These changes were reversible after stent removal. Prolonged stenting (> 3 weeks) produced moderate to severe hydroureteronephrosis, and renal function was lost in 2 of 18 renal units because of severe hydronephrosis or infection. Ureteral stenting did not produce obstruction at a flow rate as high as 8 ml/minute. Histopathologic examination showed dilation of the pelvicaliceal system and renal tubules, infiltration of the kidney and the ureter with inflammatory cells, mucosal ulceration, and muscular hypertrophy of the ureters. The bladder mucosa showed a severe inflammatory reaction, Brunn nests, and ulceration with occasional metaplasia. Stenting of normal ureters in rabbits produced no harmful effects on the kidney if the stents were removed within 1 week, but prolonged stenting could affect renal and ureteral integrity.
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PMID:Effect of internal ureteral stenting of normal ureter on the upper urinary tract: an experimental study. 829 23

We performed a prospective study to determine whether 99Tcm-DTPA differential renal function (DRF) in the case of acute obstruction in a unipapillary kidney rat model shows a similar pattern of results as 99Tcm-DMSA in a multipapillary kidney model, and to exclude recirculation or a block of tubular transport of DMSA which might explain the discrepancy reported by Kelleher et al. In 15 male and 4 female Wistar rats (weight 300-350 g), 99Tcm-DMSA renal uptake was measured 24 h before complete obstruction of the right ureter, which served as reference values. Twenty-four hours after obstruction, 99Tcm-DTPA (18.5 MBq) renography and 99Tcm-DMSA (111 MBq) non-depth-corrected renal uptake measurements were performed in the 15 male rats; in the 4 female rats, 740 MBq of 99Tcm-DMSA were injected and absolute, non-depth-corrected renal uptake measured at 24, 48 and 72 h. 99Tcm-DMSA DRF of the right kidney ranged from 48 to 55% (mu: 51%; sigma: 2%) before obstruction and from 14 to 35% (mu: 24%; sigma: 6%) after obstruction, whereas 99Tcm-DTPA DRF ranged from 16 to 30% (mu: 25%; sigma: 4%). No significant differences were found between DRF measured by 99Tcm-DMSA and 99Tcm-DTPA (P = 0.18), or between DRF of the obstructed kidney as measured by 99Tcm-DMSA at 24, 48 and 72 h (P > 0.2). Hypothetically, the discrepancy between our findings and those of Kelleher et al. may be due to intratubular pressure. In conclusion, the present findings and those of Kelleher et al. suggest the differences in DRF following complete unilateral renal obstruction, as determined by DTPA and DMSA, are probably species-specific. Furthermore, recirculation and block of tubular transport are unlikely to contribute significantly to differences in DRF as measured by the two radiopharmaceuticals.
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PMID:Differential renal function measured by 99Tcm-DTPA and 99Tcm-DMSA in a complete unilateral renal obstruction rat model. 942 3

A technique has been developed for the establishment of a state of reversible, ureteric obstruction in the primate. Ten adult males had baseline 99mTc-DTPA renogram studies. A randomly selected ureter was totally occluded and obstruction confirmed on renogram. The occlusion was reversed and subsequent renograms confirmed recovery of activity in the obstructed kidneys of the eight animals who survived the reversal procedure. Seven were alive on conclusion of the study. Prevention of ureteric strictures was achieved with an intra-ureteric silastic tube. Autopsies demonstrated patency of every previously occluded ureter. This is the first study to be reported in primates, and the second overall, in which complete ureteric obstruction and its successful reversal has been confirmed on renogram using this surgical method. The technique is suitable for the study of the effect of reversible ureteric obstruction on renal function.
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PMID:A method for creating reversible ureteric obstruction in the primate. 960 43

Abnormalities of the fetal urinary tract, most commonly hydronephrosis of differing causes, can be detected by ultrasound (US). Prenatal measurements of the kidney can help to predict the postnatal outcome of hydronephrosis. About 20% of abnormalities evident in utero are not present after birth. After delivery, various imaging procedures, particularly US and voiding cystourethrography may be necessary to evaluate prenatally diagnosed abnormalities. Pyelectasis may be due to obstruction and this may be assessed by sonography during diuresis, urography or diuretic renography. Renography can also evaluate global and split function of the kidneys. 123I-hippurate and 99 mTc-MAG3 are superior to 99 mTc-DTPA, but there is no 'gold standard' technique available to assess obstruction. The majority of cases of hydronephrosis, even those which appear to be due to obstruction, can be treated conservatively without deterioration of renal function. Primary megaureter is the second most common cause of obstructive hydronephrosis in the newborn. The diagnostic procedures are similar if the dilated ureter persists unchanged and the infant is asymptomatic. Newborns with antenatally detected renal abnormalities frequently have associated vesicoureteric reflux.
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PMID:Uroradiology in the fetus and newborn: diagnosis and follow-up of congenital obstruction of the urinary tract. 987 22

Retrocaval ureter is a rare disease in childhood which is due to a abnormal development of the inferior cava vein. We report a new case of retrocaval ureter in a 9 year-old girl who had consulted for macrohematuria and right flank pain. Preoperative intravenous urography and DTPA diuretic renogram suggested this entity. CT scan was no necessary for the diagnosis. We consider the diuretic renogram the best diagnostic method in the surgical decision of this disease.
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PMID:[Retrocaval ureter in children: surgical approach based on the obstructive pattern in the diuretic renogram with 99mTc DTPA]. 988 20

The authors report their experience on 22 neonates (14 males and 8 females) with primary megaureter. In 18 patients a prenatal diagnosis was available, in the other four the diagnosis was suspected during a neonatal ultrasound screening. The dilatation involved the right ureter 7 times and the left 13 times, in 2 patients it was bilateral. Intravenous urography documented a type I ureteral dilatation in 2 renal units (8.3%), a type II in 9 (37.5%) and a type III dilatation in 13 (54.2%). Radionuclide scan (Tc99m DTPA) demonstrated in all the renal units with megaureter a stable function. From diuretic renal scan, non-obstruction appeared in 19 (83%), obstruction in 2 (8.5%) and an equivocal result in the remaining 2. Antibiotic prophylaxis was administered to all patients. Follow-up period ranged from 18 to 54 months. The 2 obstructed megaureter were surgically treated. Other 2 patients with type III dilatation and non-obstructing megaureter underwent surgery at 18 and 24 months of age respectively. The remaining 17 patients were all conservatively treated. The 2 patients with type I dilatation resolved spontaneously. Of 9 patients with type II megaureter the dilatation resolved in 6 patients and 3 patients had a good reduction. In the remaining 8 patients with type III megaureter, the dilatation resolved in 5 cases and 3 patients had only a fair reduction. The renal function (> 40%) remained stable in all the patients.
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PMID:Conservative treatment in primary neonatal megaureter. 992 3


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