Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

CP-96,345, a potent non-peptide antagonist of the substance P (SP) receptor, inhibited SP-, neurokinin A (NKA)- and neurokinin B-induced plasma extravasation in guinea pig dorsal skin. The inhibition was specific for the three tachykinins; CP-96,345 was not active against plasma leakage caused by histamine, bradykinin, platelet-activating factor or leukotriene D4. CP-96,345 inhibited capsaicin-induced plasma extravasation in the ureter, an inflammatory response caused by neuropeptides released from afferent C-fibers. Thus, the NK1 receptor appears to play a major role in vascular permeability increases induced by exogenous and endogenous tachykinins. In contrast, CP-96,345 was inactive against SP- and NKA-induced contraction of guinea pig ureter, suggesting that the smooth muscle contraction is not NK1-mediated. CP-96,345 exhibited analgesic activity in acetic acid-induced abdominal stretching in mice, indicating for the first time that SP plays a critical role in this model. The results of these studies support a pathophysiological role of SP and NK1 receptor under acute neurogenic inflammatory conditions and in pain.
 ...
PMID:Antiinflammatory and analgesic activity of a non-peptide substance P receptor antagonist. 133 May 89

Chronic pyelonephritis was induced in young adult cats by the intravenous injection of a human or a feline strain of Escherichia coli after ligation of one ureter for 24 or 48 h. In the 3 cats infected with the feline strain, scarred kidneys from the obstructed side were removed at necropsy 3, 4 and 5 months later. Collagen was extracted from pyelonephritic and normal kidney tissue with dilute acetic acid and limited proteolysis with pepsin. Scarred kidneys gave higher yields of both acid-soluble collagen (normal = 0.57 +/- 0.12 mg per g tissue; scarred = 0.88 +/- 0.10 mg per g tissue) and pepsin-solubilized collagen (normal = 9.69 +/- 1.79 mg per g tissue; scarred = 20.02 +/- 2.84 mg per g tissue). There was no significant increase in the collagen yield from the kidneys of the 2 cats in which mild focal lesions were found 14 and 16 months after infection with the human strain of E. coli. Pepsin released collagens were separated by fractional salt precipitation and identified by agarose gel chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Normal kidney was shown to contain collagen of Types I, IV and V (AB). The Type IV collagen extracted consisted of a mixture of 4 major pepsin-resistant chains of apparent molecular weights of 150 000, 115 000, 85 000 and 60 000. The collagen extracted from scarred kidneys was predominantly Type I, only trace amounts of Type IV and V components being present. These findings suggest that basement membrane collagens of the kidney are selectively degraded during the atrophy and scarring of chronic feline pyelonephritis and are preferentially replaced by interstitial Type I collagen.
 ...
PMID:Experimental pyelonephritis in the cat: 3. Collagen alterations in renal fibrosis. 684 96

There is debate concerning the time course and degree of recovery possible after relief of complete unilateral ureteric obstruction. This study in dogs investigates these features. One ureter was occluded for varying periods, and then reimplanted into the bladder. Recovery was monitored by Tc-Sn-labelled diethylene triamine penta acetic acid (D.T.P.A.) scans and renograms together with creatinine clearance studies. The morphological changes were also studied. There was found to be a progressive loss of functional recovery with increasing periods of obstruction, though this was dramatically improved by contralateral nephrectomy once recovery had stabilized. Increased radial scarring developed in the kidney following increasing periods of obstruction.
 ...
PMID:Renal impairment and its reversibility following variable periods of complete ureteric obstruction. 692 68

Unenhanced helical computerized tomography (UHCT) has recently evolved as an accurate imaging modality for determination of the presence or absence of ureterolithiasis in patients with acute flank pain. Functional renal scintigraphy is considered the gold standard for urinary tract obstruction. The objective of this study was to correlate the secondary signs of urinary obstruction on UHCT with findings of functional renal scintigraphy. UHCT was performed in 30 patients admitted to the emergency room with acute flank pain. All patients had a calcified urinary stone identified on UHCT. The location of each urinary stone was classified as ureteral or in the ureterovesical junction. The presence of secondary CT signs of ureteral obstruction was determined for each patient. After oral or intravenous hydration, a technetium-99m diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid renal scan was performed in all patients within 12 h of the CT scan. Follow-up delayed scintigraphic images were obtained at 2 h and 24 h in patients with evidence of ureteral obstruction. The sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of each possible combination of CT findings were determined by comparison with the scintigraphic results. The distal ureter was the most common location for a calculus on UHCT, followed in frequency by the ureterovesical junction, proximal ureter and mid-ureter. The renograms showed high-grade, unilateral obstruction in 12 patients, indeterminate scans in five patients and normal renograms in 13 patients. The sensitivities and specificities of individual CT findings ranged from 50% to 75% and from 8% to 69%, respectively. Perinephric stranding gave the highest positive predictive value (PPV) for obstruction (69% including indeterminate renograms). None of the individual CT findings showed a statistically significant correlation with scintigraphic findings. A combination of one or two positive CT findings had a PPV of only 25% for obstruction. A combination of three or four positive CT findings gave a PPV of 70% for obstruction. Our preliminary study shows that secondary CT signs of ureterolithiasis correlate poorly with the scintigraphic findings and that they do not permit evaluation of the functional status of obstructed kidneys. Even a combination of the most frequent CT findings has a low predictive value, i.e. does not allow a decision to be made as to the most suitable treatment. Therefore, renal scintigraphy should be performed in conjunction with UHCT in all patients with ureteral calculi.
 ...
PMID:The role of renal scintigraphy and unenhanced helical computerized tomography in patients with ureterolithiasis. 1080 18

Since, in the human ureter, both beta(2)- and beta(3)-adrenoceptors mediate adrenergic-stimulation-induced relaxation, selective beta(2)-/beta(3)-adrenoceptor agonists might prove clinically useful for relieving ureteral colic and promoting stone passage. We evaluated the beta-adrenoceptor subtype selectivity and ureteral-relaxing efficacy of (-)-2-[4-(2-[[(1S,2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylethyl]amin] ethyl)phenyloxy]acetic acid (KUL-7211), a new beta-adrenoceptor agonist, in vitro. In rat isolated organs, its selectivities, for inhibition of spontaneous uterine contraction (mediated via beta(2)-adrenergic stimulation) and inhibition of colonic contraction (via beta(3)-adrenergic stimulation) versus increase in atrial rate (via beta(1)-adrenergic stimulation), were 56.3 and 242.2, respectively. KUL-7211 relaxed 80-mM-KCl-induced tonic contractions in both rabbit (pD(2) value: 5.86 +/- 0.13, whose ureteral relaxation is mediated via beta(2)-adrenergic stimulation) and canine (pD(2) value: 6.52 +/- 0.16, via beta(3)-adrenergic stimulation) isolated ureters in a concentration-dependent manner. These KUL-7211-induced relaxing effects were antagonized by ICI-118,551 (selective beta(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist, pK(B) value: 8.91 +/- 0.24) in the rabbit ureter and by bupranolol (non-selective beta-adernoceptor antagonist, pK(B) value: 6.85 +/- 0.12) in the canine ureter. KUL-7211 also reduced the spontaneous rhythmic contraction in a canine ureteral spiral preparation in a concentration-dependent manner, the pD(2) value being 6.83 +/- 0.20. These data clearly demonstrate that KUL-7211 selectively stimulates both ureteral beta(2)- and beta(3)-adrenoceptors and potently relaxes ureteral smooth muscle. KUL-7211 may be a novel and useful medication for relieving ureteral colic and promoting stone passage in urolithiasis patients.
 ...
PMID:Pharmacological profile of KUL-7211, a selective beta-adrenoceptor agonist, in isolated ureteral smooth muscle. 1293 26

There is an ongoing discussion about ureteral obstruction-related renal dysfunction. In this study, we aimed to test the effect of pentoxifylline (PTX) on both kidneys in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), and to determine its interaction of with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and diclofenac sodium (DIS). A sham operation was performed in group 1. Placebo, PTX, DIS, and PTX+DIS were administrated to groups 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. The left ureter was ligated in all groups except group 1. At 24 h, technetium 99m diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid scintigraphy was performed to determine renal function. Additionally, the tissue levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and PGE2 in both kidneys were measured to determine cytotoxic and cytoprotective mechanisms. When the ipsilateral kidneys were evaluated: (1) UUO significantly reduced DTPA uptake and none of the medications used prevented the reduction, (2) UUO significantly increased TBARS production, and only PTX prevented the increase, (3) UUO caused a significant increase in PGE2 production, and only DIS significantly decreased this. When the contralateral kidneys were evaluated: (1) UUO significantly increased DTPA uptake but DIS and PTX+DIS prevented this, (2) UUO significantly elevated TBARS levels and DIS and PTX+DIS caused an additional elevation, (3) UUO significantly increased PGE2 production, and only DIS prevented this. In conclusion, UUO caused ipsilateral renal hypofunction and contralateral hyperfunction, which are related to increased TBARS and PGE2 levels. PTX markedly decreased free radical activity in the ipsilateral kidney. While PTX showed a placebo effect, DIS prevented the compensatory contralateral renal response through increased TBARS and decreased PGE2 levels. The beneficial effect of PTX on the ipsilateral kidney, and the hazardous effect of DIS on the contralateral kidney may be explained by more complex interactions among TBARS, PGE2, PTX, DIS and UUO-related renal dysfunction.
 ...
PMID:The effects of pentoxifylline on renal function and free radical production in unilateral ureteral obstruction. 1457 36

We present endourologic management strategies and tricks to minimize instrumentation and complications in long-indwelling encrusted stents. Seventeen patients presented with 19 retained ureteral stents (median indwelling time 3.0 y; 0.25 to 17 y). Investigations included x-ray, ultrasound, noncontrast computed tomography, excretory urography, magnetic resonance imaging, Tc diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid scan, and retrograde ureterography. Incrustation was present in all stents, encrustation 16, stone formation 11, and spontaneous fragmentation 3. All patients had gaping of ureteric orifices and dilated capacious ureters with no stent impaction. Management included extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (2), simple pull under fluoroscopy cystoscopically (2) and ureteroscopically (2), cystolithotripsy (10), percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (6), nephrectomy (2), and no intervention (2). In 3 patients with large encrustation burden, tubular encrustation in ureteral segment of stent could be removed intact without lithotripsy. To conclude, encrusted ureteral stents can be successfully managed using endourologic interventions. Owing to capacious ureter and nonimpacted stent, a careful attempt of pulling can be made under fluoroscopic guidance to minimize the time of ureteroscopic lithotripsy and complications thereof.
 ...
PMID:Endourologic management of forgotten encrusted ureteral stents: can ureteroscopic lithotripsy be avoided? 1923 72

A 60-year-old woman presented with complaints of intermittent right flank pain which had begun one year ago. Ultrasonography and intravenous urogram showed right pelvic (15 mm) and inferior calyceal (6 mm) calculi along with suspected retrocaval course of right ureter, which was confirmed by contrast CT scan. Tc-99m diethylene-triamine-penta-acetic acid (DTPA) scan showed normal function and normal drainage of right kidney. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) was performed for right renal calculi. Because of curved ureteric course, negotiation of ureteric catheter in pelvis was anticipated to be troublesome, so intraoperative retrograde pyelogram (RGP) was performed to delineate the anatomy. Puncture was performed safely after air contrast pyelography. No complications occurred intraoperatively and postoperatively. On follow-up of up to 1 year patient was asymptomatic and renal scan showed normal function and drainage. So in the presence of retrocaval ureter and associated renal calculi, PCNL is a safe and optimal procedure and in condition of non-obstructive drainage, management of calculi only is adequate.
 ...
PMID:Renal calculi with retrocaval ureter: is percutaneous nephrolithotomy sufficient? 2353 23