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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In male rats a large number of the postganglionic neurons which innervate the pelvic organs are located in the major pelvic ganglion. In the present study we have identified the location within this ganglion of neurons which project to either of three pelvic organs, the penis, colon or urinary bladder. Two fluorescent retrogradely-transported dyes, Fast Blue and Fluoro-Gold, were used. For most animals one dye was injected into the cavernous space of the penis, the wall of the distal colon or the wall of the urinary bladder. In a small number of animals two organs were injected, each with a different dye. One to six weeks after injection the major pelvic ganglia were fixed in buffered formaldehyde. The distribution of fluorescent dye-labelled cells was observed in whole mounts of complete ganglia and, in most cases, also in small accessory ganglia located between the ureter and the prostate. The studies showed a unique pattern of distribution for each organ-specific group of neurons. Most of the colon neurons are located in the major pelvic ganglion near the entrance of the pelvic nerve, whereas almost all of the penis neurons are near or within the penile nerve. Bladder neurons are relatively evenly distributed throughout the ganglion. These results demonstrate a distinct topographical organization of organ-specific neurons of the major pelvic ganglion of the male rat, a phenomenon which has also been observed in other peripheral ganglia.
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PMID:Distribution of neurons in the major pelvic ganglion of the rat which supply the bladder, colon or penis. 271 86

For this study 52 formaldehyde-fixed pelvis from both sexes dogs (Canis familiaris), unknown races and different ages, injected with latex through the aorta, were used. The results were classified in common (A) and uncommon (B, B1, B2 and B3) modalities: A-44 dogs (84.62%; 74.82-94.42%), with emergence of the urogenital artery from the visceral branch of the hypogastric artery; B-5 dogs (9.62%; 2.70-22.10%), where the vessel arises from the umbilical artery. In this manner, the intrapelvic organs (ureter, deferent duct, bladder, prostate and urethra in male, and ureter, bladder, urethra, uterus and vagina in female) are supplied with blood through the urogenital and umbilical arteries, and urethral branch, as well as the cranial and ventral vesical arteries to the bladder.
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PMID:[The urogenital artery of the adult dog]. 672 Nov 97

The purpose of this presentation is to describe the distribution of noradrenergic nerves in the human genitourinary system. The techniques which have been employed include formaldehyde-induced fluorescence and immunocytochemical methods to demonstrate dopamine beta-hydroxylase and tyrosine hydroxylase. These methods have been applied to human fetal, neonatal, infant, child and adult tissues removed either at post mortem examination or by surgical excision. The innervation of the fetal urinary bladder is well established by 13 weeks and, as in older specimens, the detrusor receives a sparse noradrenergic nerve supply. In contrast the smooth muscle of the terminal ureter is well supplied by this type of autonomic nerve. An additional incomplete muscle layer has been identified as a nomal component of the terminal ureter which is richly innervated by noradrenergic nerves. In some cases this muscle forms a complete collar which may be responsible for ureteric obstruction. By comparison with the detrusor, bladder neck smooth muscle receives a dense noradrenergic nerve supply particularly in the male. Unlike the detrusor, the structure and innervation of the vas deferens, seminal vesicle and prostate are poorly differentiated in the fetus. In the infant and child, the structure of the intramural smooth muscle of these organs remains immature although a rich noradrenergic nerve supply resembing the adult has been established in the fetus by 30 weeks. In the fetus, autonomic ganglia occur in association with noradrenaline rich paraganglia and surprisingly, with sensory nerve endings resembling pacinian corpuscles. Shortly after birth paraganglia are no longer associated with the autonomic ganglia of the genitourinary system. On the basis of size at least two types of autonomic neuron populate these autonomic ganglia. One type is relatively large and devoid of catecholamines but is closely associated with pericellular noradrenergic nerve fibres. The second type of neuron is small, contains noradrenaline and is arranged in clusters closely related to the capsule of the prostate gland. The significance of these observations will be considered with respect to the neurological control of the genitourinary system.
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PMID:The distribution of noradrenergic nerves in the human lower urinary tract. A review. 1039 69

In clinical, the relationship between bladder intramuscular nerve and function is also elusive. This study aims to compare the bladder intramuscular nerve distribution and its characteristics and significance in human and dog. Eleven dogs' bladders were stained by Sihler's and HE techniques. Fifteen human bladders were adopted by Sihler's staining, using 10% formaldehyde to fix 12 weeks, 7 by HE dyeing fixes 24 hours. Results indicated that man's bladder was triangularpyramid-shaped. While dog's bladder was spherical-shaped and its muscle fibers arrange were irregularly shaped. Longitudinal muscle of the outer layer is fleshy, the terminal is at the bladder neck without exception, and vesical trigone has relatively obvious three layers of structure. After dyeing dog's bladder was transparent jelly, the nerve was purple color, enter bladder at the ureter-bladder junction with different forms. Man's bladder nerves, no ganglion, were more trivial than that of dogs, and with smaller branches, the large nerve ganglion. The links with the nerve fibers and forms the network on the dog's bladder wall, and the nerve fibers crosses comparatively little on both the left and right sides in the midline. The right nerve branch gains advantage on the man's bladder wall, the situations is opposite on the dog's. In conclusion, bladder nerves which scatter to the bladder wall have branches to lower ureter at the ureter-bladder junction, the structure and distribution of intramuscular nerves are different, the existence of intramuscular ganglia is relating to the bladder function both in man and dog.
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PMID:Intramuscular nerve distribution in bladder and the relationship between intramuscular ganglia and bladder function in man and dog. 2566 8

We describe a unique solitary kidney with duplex collecting system and vascular variation observed in an 86-year-old White male formaldehyde- and phenol-fixed cadaver during routine academic dissection. The left renal fossa was empty with an intact adrenal gland, and the right renal fossa contained a fused renal mass with apparent polarity between the superior and inferior regions and two renal pelves converging into a single ureter. There were three right renal arteries supplying the renal mass; the superior and middle arteries were noted to be postcaval and the inferior artery was precaval. There were also two right renal veins draining into the inferior vena cava and following a regional distribution with the superior vein draining the inferior portion of the renal mass. Despite generally being asymptomatic, the detection of renal anatomical variants is clinically important for appropriate patient management and surgical interventions.
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PMID:A case of solitary kidney with duplex collecting systems and renal vascular variants in an adult male cadaver. 3274 48