Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Several mouse genes designated 'Pax genes' contain a highly conserved DNA sequence homologous to the paired box of Drosophila. Here we describe the isolation of Pax8, a novel paired box containing clone from an 8.5 day p.c. mouse embryo cDNA library. An open reading frame of 457 amino acids (aa) contains the 128 aa paired domain near the amino terminus. Another conserved region present in some other paired box genes, the octapeptide Tyr-Ser-Ile-Asn-Gly-Leu-Leu-Gly, is located 43 aa C-terminal to the paired domain. Using an interspecies backcross system, we have mapped the Pax8 gene within the proximal portion of mouse chromosome 2 in a close linkage to the surf locus. Several developmental mutations are located in this region. In situ hybridization was used to determine the pattern of Pax8 expression during mouse embryogenesis. Pax8 is expressed transiently between 11.5 and 12.5 days of gestation along the rostrocaudal axis extending from the myelencephalon throughout the length of the neural tube, predominantly in two parallel regions on either side of the basal plate. We also detected Pax8 expression in the developing thyroid gland beginning at 10.5 days of gestation, during the thyroid evagination. In the mesonephros and metanephros the expression of Pax8 was localized to the mesenchymal condensations, which are induced by the nephric duct and ureter, respectively. These condensations develop to functional units, the nephrons, of the kidney. These data are consistent with a role for Pax8 in the induction of kidney epithelium. The embryonic expression pattern of Pax8 is compared with that of Pax2, another recently described paired box gene expressed in the developing excretory system.
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PMID:Pax8, a murine paired box gene expressed in the developing excretory system and thyroid gland. 172 50

Monoclonal antibodies were used to examine the pattern of distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations and macrophages in normal human urothelium. T lymphocytes (T11-positive cells) were demonstrated within the epithelium and within the lamina propria of both the ureter and the urinary bladder. Suppressor/cytotoxic T cells (T8-positive cells) predominated, with the average ratio of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells to the helper/inducer T cells being approximately 8.9 in the epithelium and 1.5 in the lamina propria. Leu M3+ cells (monocytes/macrophages) were detected in both epithelium and lamina propria. The character and distribution of these immunocompetent cells within the urothelium suggest a protective function, especially against infection and in tumour surveillance.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical identification of lymphocyte subsets and macrophages in normal human urothelium using monoclonal antibodies. 353 Mar 63

Binephrectomized rats treated with high doses of ketoleucine (0.5 g/rat per 20 hr) expired after about 45 hr. In contrast, survival time was 100% 60 hr after ureteral ligation. In comparison to animals receiving low-protein diets, addition of leucine to the diet almost doubled muscle and liver protein content whereas ketoleucine increased liver protein during the first 40 hr after operation about 1.5-fold. Skeletal muscle protein content was enhanced in the ureter-ligated rats with administration of ketoleucine. There was also about a 10-fold elevation in liver glycogen and total carbohydrate content between the 20th and 60th hr in binephrectomized rats fed leucine at 5-hr intervals. In skeletal muscle glycogen, there were no significant differences among the acutely uremic rats fed at 10-hr intervals low-protein diets alone or supplemented with leucine or ketoleucine. Leucine inhibits glycogenolysis by lowering phosphorylase alpha activity in muscle and liver, whereas ketoleucine enhances glycogenolysis in acute uremia. In rats supplemented with letoleucine, there is a progressive inactivation of glycogen synthetase I which occurs in parallel with increasing phosphorylase alpha activity. In binephrectomized rats receiving leucine supplements at 5-hr feeding intervals, the activity of liver glycogen synthetase I increases up to a maximum of 90% of total enzyme activity.
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PMID:Effects of high doses of leucine and ketoleucine on glycogen and protein metabolism in acute uremia. 677 10

The neuropeptide- and catecholamine-synthesizing enzyme content and ultrastructure of the peri-ureteric ganglia of guinea-pigs were investigated. Small numbers of neuronal perikarya were present at frequent intervals forming ganglia close to, and along the entire length of, the ureter. Each of these ganglia was surrounded by a connective tissue capsule, and was located in the peri-ureteric connective tissues. Within each ganglion were typical nerve terminals and varicosities containing small, clear synaptic vesicles or synaptic vesicles with an electron-dense core, or a mixture of the two. In the ganglia, immunoreactivity to tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine beta hydroxylase, neuropeptide tyrosine, or vasoactive intestinal peptide was present in neuronal perikarya; immunoreactivity to substance P or leucine enkephalin was present in nerve terminals and varicosities. Electron-microscopic immunogold studies indicated that there was no coexistence of substance P and enkephalin in the nerve terminals, unlike related ganglia in the pelvis of guinea-pigs.
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PMID:An immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study of the peri-ureteric ganglia of the guinea-pig. 769 80

Leucine arylamidase (LAA) excretion in circadian urine of 79 patients suffering from nephroureterolithiasis was measured before and after the session of remote impulse lithotripsy (RIL) to investigate the effect of the impulse on renal function. The stones were localized in the calyces, pelvis and upper third of the ureter. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 43 patients with noncomplicated nephroureterolithiasis (group 1) and 36 patients with complicated one including 12 subjects exposed to the second RIL (group 2). The enzyme excretion was significantly reduced in group 1 patients. Its activity recovered in group 1 within 6-7 days, in group 2 for 10-14 days. After the second RIL procedure LAA activity in the urine enhanced more rapidly, especially in group 2 patients. In calyceal, intrarenal pelvic and fused kidney location of the stone, LAA activity got more elevated than in the extrarenal pelvis or in the upper third of the ureter. It is demonstrated that RIL exhibits a short-term effect on the kidneys which depends on the presence of inflammation, the number of sessions, stones location and the number of impulses.
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PMID:[The effect of remote-controlled shock-wave lithotripsy on kidney function]. 816 Mar 15

A case of renal adenomatosis of the left kidney associated with a carcinoma of the ipsilateral ureter in a 49-year-old man is examined. One hundred and eight adenomas, which were smaller than 15 mm in diameter, and a single microcarcinoma, which measured 1 mm in diameter, were found in the kidney. Further, there were more than 800 hyperplastic lesions which could be classified into three groups: (i) 792 of distal origin; (ii) 24 of proximal origin; and 10 of collecting duct origin. The serial sections obtained from 19 paraffin blocks were stained using Leu M1 as the proximal marker and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) as the distal/collecting marker to assist in determining the origins. Ten of the small adenomas (15 lesions), which did not exceed 3 mm in diameter, were predominantly positive for EMA and five were predominantly positive for Leu M1. Further, hyperplastic lesions of distal and collecting duct origins were diffusely positive for EMA and sporadically positive for Leu M1. The lesions of proximal origin were predominantly positive for Leu M1 and sporadically positive for EMA. These findings suggest that a progression from hyperplasia and a direct transition from a single tubule to adenoma occurred multifocally in different segments of the nephrons throughout the left kidney.
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PMID:Renal adenomatosis associated with carcinoma of the lower urinary tract: a case report with immunohistochemical study. 1033 80