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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Oxygen free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of tissue injury consequent to ischemia/reperfusion in several different organs, including heart, bowel, and kidney. In this study, the protective effect of FOY, SOD, and PEG-SOD against kidney damage resulting from warm ischemia and reperfusion was investigated in the rat. FOY (Gabexate mesilate), one of protease inhibitor, has been suggested to inhibit the activity of superoxide in polymorphonuclear leucocyte in recent reports. PEG-SOD (polyethyleneglycol-modified SOD), recently synthesized on the basis of SOD, has an additional value in comparison with SOD. WKA rats underwent right nephrectomy, and occlusion of the left renal artery, vein, and ureter for 60 minutes. FOY (50mg/kg, DIV.) was administrated from 5 minutes before reperfusion to 5 minutes after reperfusion to the rat. SOD (2mg/kg, 5mg/kg, 10mg/kg, IV.) and PEG-SOD (2mg/kg, 5mg/kg, IV.) were administrated at 10 minutes before reperfusion. 48 hours after operation, the measurement of urine output (60 minutes) was made, and BUN, Cr, K, UUN, UCr were measured at this point. Creatinine clearance was calculated from these results. The left kidney was removed and histological examination was performed. Serum BUN, Cr level were greatly elevated, and creatinine was diminished in the group of ischemic untreated rats (n = 8). In the groups of rats treated with FOY (n = 9), SOD (5mg/kg, 10mg/kg; n = 5, respectively), and PEG-SOD (2mg/kg, 5mg/kg; n = 5, respectively), serum Cr was significantly lower and creatinine clearance was significantly higher than control untreated group. Furthermore, tubular injury was less in histological examination in these groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Experimental study on renal protection against damage in kidneys subjected warm ischemia--protective effect of FOY, SOD, and PEG-SOD on ischemic acute renal failure]. 251 Nov 30

The renal excretion of prostaglandins E2 and 6-keto-F1 alpha, thromboxane B2 and cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate was measured in a solitary kidney model of chronic ureteral obstruction in rabbits. The presence of obstruction was confirmed by intravenous pyelography. Growth rate of the animals and furosemide-stimulated diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid renography were used to grade the obstruction. As correlated to urinary creatinine concentration the excretion of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha dominated in nephrectomized, unobstructed control animals. With the degree of ureteral obstruction becoming more severe, the output of PGE2 increased, while that of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TxB2 decreased. As a result the ratios PGE2/6-keto-PGF1 alpha and PGE2/TxB2 were three times as high in severely obstructed rabbits as in control animals. The renal output of cyclic AMP was unaffected by chronic obstruction. We conclude that the renal metabolism of prostanoids is affected in a unique way in chronic partial obstruction of the ureter.
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PMID:Renal excretion of prostanoids and cyclic AMP in chronic partial ureteral obstruction of the rabbit. 253 44

Urinary enzyme testing has been used by many investigators to diagnose and monitor various types of renal injury. Three urinary enzymes, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, beta-galactosidase and gamma-glutamyl transferase were monitored in 17 patients before and after a single, unilateral extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy treatment. Stones were in the renal pelvis or calices except for 1 treated in situ in the proximal ureter. Urine specimens were collected before extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and at 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 28 days after treatment. N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and beta-galactosidase levels increased significantly after treatment (p less than 0.05). Gamma-glutamyl transferase levels increased after treatment but this was not statistically significant. All enzyme levels were highest on days 1 and 3 after lithotripsy and returned to baseline by day 28. Factors associated with post-treatment enzyme elevation included female sex, a lower pre-treatment creatinine clearance and stone size greater than 1 cm. These findings indicate that there is a transient selective increase in urinary enzyme excretion after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.
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PMID:Selective elevation of urinary enzyme levels after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. 257 Jan 65

We report on eight kidney-allografted patients treated for delayed ureteral obstruction between January 1986 and January 1987. In all cases, standard endourological dilation was performed using a balloon catheter, and this was followed by insertion of a pigtail stent. All eight cases showed improvement 1 month after dilation (decrease in creatinine and caliceal dilation). At 6 months, renal function had deteriorated in six patients but remained good in two. One of the six patients was redilated with apparently good results. The remaining five were operated on using their own ureter. We conclude that while internal drainage helps in distinguishing between obstruction and other causes of creatinine increase, antegrade dilation is the treatment of choice for delayed ureteral obstruction.
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PMID:Value of antegrade ureteral dilation for late ureter obstruction in renal transplants. 266 2

Partial ureteric obstruction was produced by insertion of an obstructing stent into the left ureter of 21 mongrel dogs and the duration of obstruction was varied as follows: Group A (n = 7) for 60 days; Group B (n = 7) for 28 days; Group C (n = 7) for 14 days. Intrapelvic pressure monitoring confirmed that obstruction had been produced by stent insertion and relieved by reimplantation of the left ureter following the designated obstruction period. The extent of recovery of renal function was assessed by creatinine clearance, with group C maintaining normal function, group B recovering 31% and group A recovering 8% of control function. Methyl-methacrylate extrusion casts of the renal microvasculature were made in group B and C kidneys and studied by scanning electron microscopy. During obstruction there was evidence of arteriolar constriction. These changes provide a morphological basis for the renal functional alterations and support the concept that post-obstructive renal failure is a vascular injury.
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PMID:Renal injury and recovery in partial ureteric obstruction. 273 3

A man aged 67 with a single kidney was admitted on account of haematuria and raised serum creatinine. Investigation revealed a poorly differentiated invasive transitional cell tumour at the middle of the right ureter. After resection of the tumour, a space of 10 cm remained between the two ends of the ureter. During the operation, it had become apparent that the usual methods of reconstruction could not be employed and, therefore, the vermiform appendix was employed as an intermediate segment of the ureter. The appendicular graft functioned satisfactorily until recurrence of the cancer occurred and the patient died one year later. This method may be employed in selected cases where Boariflap, uretero-trans-ureterostomy or autotransplantation of the kidney cannot be employed.
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PMID:[Vermiform appendix used as a segment of the ureter]. 278 46

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is widely distributed throughout the central nervous system and in several sympathetically innervated tissues, including the kidney. Although many central and peripheral acting endogenous compounds alter renal function, the role of NPY is unknown. Accordingly, we examined the effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) or intrarenal administration of NPY on sodium and water excretion in the barbiturate anesthetized rat. Sprague-Dawley rats were uninephrectomized 10 days prior to testing and, in rats undergoing ICV administration, cannulae were implanted 3 days prior to testing. For testing, rats were anesthetized (Nembutal) and the jugular vein, renal artery and ureter catheterized. The results showed that the intrarenal infusion of NPY at 1 microgram/kg/min increased sodium and water excretion relative to the saline control group without altering blood pressure or creatinine clearance. Similarly, ICV administration of NPY at 10 micrograms in a 5 microliters volume increased the excretion of sodium and water without altering blood pressure as compared to the artificial CSF group. These findings suggest that both central and peripheral NPY may contribute to the regulation of sodium and water excretion in the rat.
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PMID:Effects of central and peripheral neuropeptide Y on sodium and water excretion in the rat. 281 60

We report a rare case of anomalous inferior vena cava (IVC) in a 46-year-old woman hospitalized for the examination of right hypofunctional kidney. She had no history of trauma or pyelonephritis and there were no abnormalities in laboratory findings except serum creatinine value. Excretory urography showed no excretion of contrast medium from right kidney and retrograde pyelography revealed moderate hydronephrosis of right kidney but the obstruction of the ureter was not recognized. Abdominal computed tomographic scan showed a total trace of IVC and inferior venacavography demonstrated complete obstruction of the IVC from its origin with collateralization of upper lumber veins and vertebral veins. Surgical exploration was performed and demonstrated that IVC was a trace from the postrenal segment to hepatic segment. Two right renal veins were draining into the upper lumber vein and the right ureter was compressed slightly by lower renal vein, dilated ovarian vein and fibrotic connective tissue.
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PMID:[A case of aplastic inferior vena cava with right hypofunctional kidney]. 281 21

Unilateral pyelonephritis was induced in 50 rabbits by injecting Escherichia coli (minimum inhibitory concentration of tobramycin 0.25 mg/l) into the left kidney and by obstructing the ureter temporarily. Tobramycin treatment (daily dose 10 mg/kg) was started 4 days after surgery, either in a single daily dose or in 3 divided doses at 8 h intervals, for 2, 3, 5, 7 or 10 days. Comparison of bacteriology, renal morphology, and renal functions (BUN, serum creatinine, alanine aminopeptidase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, cathepsin B, sphingomyelinase) suggests better efficacy and renal tolerance of the single daily dose regimen in the treatment of experimental acute pyelonephritis.
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PMID:Efficacy and safety of once daily versus intermittent dosing of tobramycin in rabbits with acute pyelonephritis. 289 6

Ureteral replacement by ileum is an accepted technique in a highly selective patient population. Two major contraindications in using an ileal ureter are compromised renal function (serum creatinine greater than 2) and a functionally abnormal bladder. We used ileum to bridge a ureteral defect in animals with half of a solitary kidney and low grade azotemia to see if the antirefluxing mechanism of the lower ureter prevented further deterioration in renal function. Twelve female mongrel dogs underwent a right nephrectomy, followed by a left partial nephrectomy six weeks later. Group I (six dogs) had a six cm. segment of ileum interposed between the upper and lower ureteral segments (nonrefluxing). Group II (five dogs) had a ten cm. segment of ileum placed from the upper third of the ureter to the bladder (refluxing). Cystograms, intravenous pyelograms, serum electrolytes, BUN and creatinine were obtained preoperatively, six weeks after the right nephrectomy, one month after left partial nephrectomy and six months after ileal replacement prior to sacrifice. The BUN and creatinine deteriorated in Group II compared to Group I, p = .02 and p = 0.4 respectively (Mann-Whitney test). The BUN and creatinine also deteriorated between one month after left partial nephrectomy and six months after ileal replacement within Group II, p = .07 and p = .14, respectively (Wilcoxon matched-pairs test) but not in Group I. These data suggest that the antirefluxing mechanism of the lower ureter might prevent further deterioration in renal function. We feel that ileum can be used with caution, as an interposition in compromised renal function.
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PMID:Ureteral replacement using ileum in compromised renal function. 291 71


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