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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The functional damage caused by vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) has been examined by unilateral clearance studies in 22 children with recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) and representing 23 kidneys with large VUR. 7 kidneys with small to moderate VUR and 14 kidneys without VUR. Inulin clearance, Na+ excretion and glucose reabsorption were determined. In kidneys without or with small and moderate VUR, UTI had no effect on renal function if treated. In kidneys with large VUR extending into the pelvis and dilating the ureter, there was a gradual deterioration of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) that was accelerated after the age of 6 yr. Before puberty more than 50% of renal function was lost despite strict medical care of the UTI. If this functional loss was unilateral, hyperfunction of the contralateral kidney was generally observed. Maximal glucose reabsorption was depressed in proportion to GFR. In kidneys with unilaterally low GFR, the fractional Na+ excretion was consistently increased as compared to the contralateral kidney with normal GFR. This adaptive increase in Na+ excretion must therefore be of intrarenal origin.
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PMID:Effect of vesicoureteral reflux on renal function in children with recurrent urinary tract infection.s. 78 86

The reabsorption and excretion of sodium, chloride, potassium and water were investigated subsequent to loading with saline solution before and after unilateral hydronephrosis with partial obstruction to flow had been induced in 23 dogs by ligation of the ureter over an indwelling catheter. In the experimental kidney the increase in the total excretion of sodium and chloride and of water in per cent of GFR and the decrease in the reabsorption of sodium, chloride and potassium in per cent of the filtered loads were statistically significant. The glomerulotubular balance was altered statistically probably significantly, but the relation between the capacities for reabsorption of sodium and glucose was maintained. The renal pelvic dilatation was measured and plotted against the degree of renal functional impairment. A statistically significant inverse correlation was noted between renal pelvic volume and reabsorption of sodium and of chloride in per cent of the filtered loads. The osmolality of the urine was the parameter showing the most marked difference between the hydronephrotic and the contralateral kidney. For sodium and chloride the difference between the two sides in the reabsorbed amount in per cent of the filtered load was correlated probably significantly to the degree of renal pelvic dilatation.
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PMID:Renal function in experimental chronic hydronephrosis. IV. Renal handling of sodium and water. 99 53

The role of renal tubules was explored by two kinds of experiments: (1) inhibition of the tubular reabsorption of insulin by induced polyuria; (2) suppression of insulin filtration by ureter clamping; 1. Anaesthetized dogs maintained in normoglycaemia by glucose compensation were infused with crystalline and 125I-insulins. Polyuria was induced by: (1) saline-bicarbonate infusion; (2) furosemide with saline-bicarbonate infusion to replace urine losses; (3) massive infusion of mannitol. Inulin and paraminohippuric acid were used to estimate the glomerular filtration rate and the renal plasma flow. The permeability of the glomerular wall (pore radius and total area of the pores per unit of path length) was determined by measuring the sieving curve of 131I-polyvinyl-pyrrolidone fractions during basal and treatment periods. Mannitol infusion was able to bring the insulin/inulin clearance ratio up the values of the sieving coefficient of insulin (insulin filtration rate) without modifying the permeability of the glomerular wall; saline infusion displayed a similar effect; furosemide, only a minute one although it induced a more marked polyuria. 2. Clamping of the left ureter was performed on dogs with catheters inserted into the artery, the left renal vein, the pelvis and a renal lymphatic vessel. Almost complete suppression of the glomerular filtration was achieved. It slightly increased the high insulinic concentration of the renal lymph, entailed a 1/3 decrease in the extraction ratio of insulin and reduced by half its renal clearance. In conclusion, the tubules participate to the catabolism of insulin by two different mechanisms: (1) an uptake from the tubular fluid which can be inhibited by diuretics exerting their main action on the proximal tubules; (2) a direct catabolism from the interstitial fluid resulting from the large permeability of the peritubular capillaries to insulin.
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PMID:The participation of the renal tubules to the metabolism of insulin. 100 Oct 4

Rupture of the ureter in the absence of demonstrable cause is deemed spontaneous rupture. While urinothorax is a rare complication, it occurs in the following predisposing factors: external trauma, ureteral instrumentation, previous ureteral surgery, destructive ureteral disease, external compression or obstruction from stones. The above factors may produce retroperitoneal urinoma to make urinothorax. It has a clinical picture of respiratory embarrassment. Urinothorax demonstrates a significant elevation of pleural fluid creatinine and declination of glucose concentration as compared with the serum level. In many cases a temporary or permanent urinary diversion may resolve the urinothorax, then an indirect diagnosis of the urinothorax may be made. We report a case of spontaneous rupture of the ureter with urinothorax.
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PMID:[Spontaneous rupture of the ureter with urinothorax: a case report]. 131 94

A case of emphysematous pyelonephritis with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is presented. A 54-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of unclear consciousness and extremely high blood glucose level. The laboratory data suggested uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM) and urinary tract infection with sepsis and DIC. The plain abdominal X-P and abdominal CT revealed the existence of gas in the right renal parenchyma, perinephric tissue and the upper part of the right ureter. Right nephrectomy was performed after the improvement of the patient's condition by the echo-guided drainage of the right kidney and the treatment for infection, DM and DIC. We reviewed 71 cases of emphysematous pyelonephritis in the Japanese literature and the choice of treatment was discussed.
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PMID:[A case of emphysematous pyelonephritis with disseminated intravascular coagulation]. 154 72

The prospective study was performed to reassess the necessity of water deprivation before excretory urography (IVP) with non-ionic contrast medium. 35 adults were deprived of water before IVP and divided into two groups. First group was received 250 ml 5% glucose solution and lopamidol-300 (1 ml/kg, maximum dose; 50 ml). Second group received contrast medium only. Image quality of IVP of the two groups were compared. In the first group the visualization of ureter and bladder were better than the second group. There was no significant difference in the caliceal and pelvic visualization between the two groups. Water deprivation was suggested to be unnecessary in IVP with non-ionic contrast medium.
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PMID:[Excretory urography with non-ionic contrast medium; clinical reassessment of the necessity of water deprivation]. 275 19

In order to evaluate the potential role of hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis on the disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism normally seen in uremia, a specific model of acute uremia devoid of hyperkalemia and severe metabolic acidosis was chosen. Therefore, rats were deprived of potassium prior to induction of acute uremia. Potassium depletion caused a significant decrease of muscle and liver glycogen due to activation of phosphorylase kinase, whereas glycogen concentration in heart muscle was unchanged and elevated in the kidney of sham-operated and ureter-ligated animals. In contrast, glucose concentrations were enhanced in the liver and the kidney, unchanged in heart muscle and decreased in skeletal muscle. We conclude that carbohydrate abnormalities occur in acute uremia despite normokalemia and mild metabolic acidosis. Furthermore, acute uremia accompanied by prior potassium depletion results in no net effect on cardiac glycogen metabolism but stimulates glycogenolysis in both skeletal muscle and the liver.
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PMID:Acute uremia following dietary potassium depletion. II. Effect on tissue carbohydrate composition. 358 86

A strain of Escherichia coli originally isolated from urine of a patient with acute pyelonephritis was studied in detail for binding to glycosphingolipids. Bacteria labeled metabolically with [14C]glucose were layered over a glycolipid chromatogram and bound bacteria were detected by autoradiography. The detection was down to a few ng of glycolipid (pmol level) under these assay conditions. At a test level of 500 ng all glycolipids (more than a dozen molecular species analyzed) with Gal alpha 1----4Gal as an internal or terminal part bound the bacteria strongly while glycolipids known to lack this sequence were negative. Conformational analysis using hard sphere calculations including the exo-anomeric effect showed a bend in the saccharide chain at this disaccharide with a largely hydrophobic surface of the convex side, probably being part of the binding epitope. Mixtures of glycolipids isolated from a human ureter scraping and from urinary sediments bound bacteria in the 2- to 7-sugar interval. Thus, this infectious strain of E. coli recognizes glycolipids being present in epithelial cells lining the urinary tract.
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PMID:Specificity of binding of a strain of uropathogenic Escherichia coli to Gal alpha 1----4Gal-containing glycosphingolipids. 389 56

Urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), a lysosomal hydrolase located the proximal tubule of the kidney, has been used as a marker for subtle renal injury. In humans and other animals with diabetes mellitus, urinary NAG activity has been shown to increase within 12 hours of the onset of hyperglycemia and glycosuria. Whether the rise in urinary NAG activity is in response to the hyperglycemia or to the osmotic diuresis associated with glycosuria is not known, nor has the time course of the rise in enzyme activity been determined. A study was designed using four groups of dogs to examine these possibilities: group 1 (n = 5), control dogs; group 2 (n = 5), mannitol-infused dogs; group 3 (n = 5), low-glucose dogs; and group 4 (n = 5), high-glucose dogs. In groups 2 and 4, mannitol and glucose, respectively, were infused at a rate to double urine flow from the left ureter without altering the contralateral urine volume. In group 3, sufficient glucose was infused to elevate left renal vein glucose level without producing glycosuria. In the control dogs infused with normal saline solution at a constant rate throughout the control and study periods, no differences were found in urinary NAG excretion when data from individual clearance periods were compared for the right and left kidneys. In the low-glucose dogs, urinary NAG/creatinine ratios were significantly increased (P less than 0.01) when the left and right kidneys were compared for the duration of the infusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Differential response of urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase to two osmotic diuretics in the dog. 392 47

Hepatocytes isolated from the livers of starved, sham-operated, bilaterally nephrectomised and ureter-ligated rats as well as rats with ischaemic acute renal failure were used for a comparative study of the effects of different hormones on gluconeogenesis. In all tested groups dibutyryl-3':5'-adenosine monophosphate inhibits glucose synthesis from pyruvate whereas this process is not affected by glucagon and only slightly activated by adrenalin. In contrast, gluconeogenesis from dihydroxyacetone was stimulated by all three hormones at the expense of the conversion of dihydroxyacetone to lactate. In the presence of l-serine adrenalin, glucagon and dibutyryl cAMP also stimulate glucose synthesis, which is more marked in bilaterally nephrectomised and ureter-ligated animals. In half of the experiments with bilaterally nephrectomised rats (group BN 2), lack of sensitivity of hepatocytes to all tested hormones on gluconeogenesis from serine or dihydroxyacetone was observed. The beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol reduced the stimulatory effect of adrenalin on glucose synthesis from serine and abolished the influence of catecholamines in the presence of dihydroxyacetone and pyruvate. This suggests that both alpha- and beta-receptors are involved in the activation of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Insulin and parathyroid hormone did not change the rate of glucose synthesis in any of the experimental groups.
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PMID:Effect of hormones on hepatocyte gluconeogenesis in different models of acute uraemia. 629 38


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