Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Intracellular recordings were made from neurones of the guinea-pig inferior mesenteric ganglion (IMG) maintained in vitro with both ureters and major nerve trunks attached. Afferent fibres in the ureteric nerve were activated by electrical, chemical and mechanical stimuli. 2. Repetitive stimulation of a ureteric nerve branch evoked a non-cholinergic, synaptic slow excitatory potential (slow EPSP) in 48% of neurons. The amplitude of the slow EPSP was dependent on membrane potential and was decreased by membrane depolarization and increased by hyperpolarization. 3. The slow EPSP was attenuated or abolished by capsaicin (1 microM), which itself depolarized IMG neurones. Substance P (2 microM) or neurokinin A (2 microM) also depolarized IMG neurones and in the presence of these tachykinins the slow EPSP was attenuated or abolished. 4. Distension of the ureter evoked a non-cholinergic slow depolarization in 45% of IMG neurones which was abolished by tetrodotoxin (1 microM) and by capsaicin (1 microM). 5. Chemical stimulation of ureteric afferent nerve terminals by intralumenal perfusions of the ureter with capsaicin (1 microM) produced a slow depolarization in the IMG which was prevented by blocking nerve conduction with TTX. 6. These data demonstrate that electrical stimulation of ureteric afferent fibres produces a non-cholinergic slow EPSP in the IMG. Primary afferent (capsaicin-sensitive) C fibres are also activated by distension of the ureter and evoke a slow depolarization in the IMG. The synaptic mediator of these events is likely to be tachykinin(s) released from capsaicin-sensitive C fibres. These fibres may be mechanosensory and/or nociceptive.
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PMID:Stimulation of afferent fibres of the guinea-pig ureter evokes potentials in inferior mesenteric ganglion neurones. 246 85

Substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide were immunohistochemically identified in axons innervating the cornea and the ureter of adult rats and pigeons. The two neuropeptides were similarly distributed in both species. Capsaicin pretreatment induced depletion of the immunoreactivity; this was quantitatively and qualitatively different in rats and pigeons. Topical application of capsaicin (1%) reduced the immunoreactivity in the cornea in both species by 50%. Systemic capsaicin treatment completely depleted both peptides from the corneal innervation of rats but reduced the peptide content only by 50% in the cornea of pigeons. In the ureter of rats, capsaicin pretreatment completely depleted the peptide immunoreactivity. In pigeons the peptide depletion was only complete in the outer longitudinal muscle layer. Whereas only a few immunoreactive fibres were observed in the circular muscle layer, about 50% of the peptide remained in the inner longitudinal muscle layer. The results demonstrate that peptidergic afferents in the cornea and ureter of pigeons are sensitive to capsaicin, although birds do not show nociceptive responses to local administration of the drug. The long-term depletion of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide by capsaicin is discussed with regard to the possibility that functionally capsaicin receptors may exist in the axon but not at nerve endings.
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PMID:Effects of capsaicin in rat and pigeon on peripheral nerves containing substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide. 247 91

Substance P-immunoreactivity (SP-IR) in the guinea-pig ureter was found to be totally depleted after systemic capsaicin pretreatment. Removal of the inferior mesenteric ganglion (IMG) led to a total depletion of SP-IR from the rostral third of the ureter and to a partial depletion from the caudal third. Electrical stimulation of the IMG caused Evans blue extravasation mainly in the rostral third of both ureters, whereas stimulation of the right pelvic nerve caused Evans blue extravasation in the caudal third of the ureters on both sides. The responses to nerve stimulation were absent in capsaicin-pretreated animals. Furthermore, capsaicin caused release of SP-IR from ureter slices in vitro, this release was not inhibited by tetrodotoxin. Potassium (60 and 120 mM) also released SP-IR. It is concluded that SP-IR in the ureter is contained in capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons reaching the ureter via both parasympathetic (caudal part) and sympathetic nerves (rostral part). Activation of these neurons by capsaicin leads to a peripheral release of SP-IR which most likely increases vascular permeability.
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PMID:Capsaicin-induced substance P release and sensory control of vascular permeability in the guinea-pig ureter. 619 95

The effects of intrinsic nerve stimulation on the spontaneous electrical activity of the smooth muscle cells of the guinea pig ureter still attached to its renal pelvis were investigated using standard intracellular microelectrode techniques. Action potentials discharged spontaneously at a frequency of 3.3 +/- 0.2 min(-1) (n = 67) and consisted of an initial rapidly rising spike, followed by a variable period (0.2-5 s) of membrane potential oscillation and a quiescent plateau phase which was terminated by an abrupt repolarisation and after-hyperpolarisation to -66 mV. Transmural electrical stimulation (20-50 Hz for 2 s) transiently decreased the frequency of action potential discharge; the half-amplitude duration of the following action potentials, however, was transiently increased to 156 +/- 12% of control. Substance P (1 microM applied for 2 min) or neurokinin A (100 nM for 2 min) transiently increased the frequency of action potential discharge to 155 +/- 19% and 142 +/- 21%, respectively, of control. The excitatory actions of nerve stimulation or agonist application were reduced by the tachykinin antagonist, MEN 10,627 (1-3 microM), while the inhibitory actions of nerve stimulation were enhanced by MEN 10,627 (1 microM) or thiorphan (1 microM). Capsaicin (10 microM for 10-15 min) also evoked a transient increase in the frequency and half-amplitude duration of the ureteric action potentials, in a manner blocked by MEN 10,627 (3 microM), which was followed by a long period of membrane potential quiescence. Human calcitonin gene related peptide (hCGRP) (100 nM applied for 2-5 min) induced a time-dependent decrease in the frequency amplitude and duration of the spontaneous action potentials, in a manner blocked by glibenclamide (1 microM). It was concluded that the nerve-evoked excitatory and inhibitory changes in the parameters of the spontaneous ureteric action potentials arise from the release of the sensory neuropeptides, tachykinins and CGRP, respectively.
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PMID:Effects of nerve stimulation on spontaneously active preparations of the guinea pig ureter. 1055 May 20

The role of the autonomic innervation of the upper urinary tract for pyeloureteral motility is not completely understood. It is still debatable if the autonomic nervous system might play a modulating role on the ureteral peristalsis. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution and regional variation of the intramural innervation using whole-mount preparations of the rabbit upper urinary tract. Whole-mount preparation was performed at upper urinary tracts of healthy rabbits. Immunohistochemistry was employed using Neurofilament (NF), Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH), Choline Acetyltransferase (ChAT) and Substance P (SP) antibodies. NADPH-diaphorase and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry was carried out at the specimens. The stains were evaluated using brightfield, fluorescence and laser confocal microscopy. NF-, TH-, ChAT- and SP-immunoreactive (-IR) nerves formed distinct neuronal plexuses at the submucosal and muscle layers. Perivascular TH-, ChAT- and SP-IR fibres were demonstrated. AChE positive nerves were revealed in all layers, but only moderate NADPH-diaphorase positive innervation was found. Renal pelvis, upper and lower ureter showed enriched intrinsic innervation. Ganglia were found at the ureteropelvic border and the distal ureter. Whole-mount preparation technique revealed detailed informations about morphology and regional variation of the intramural innervation of the rabbit upper urinary tract.
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PMID:The intramural innervation of the rabbit upper urinary tract. 1287 43