Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Proteus mirabilis infection often leads to stone formation. We evaluated how bacterium-mucin adhesion, invasion, and intracellular crystal formation are related to antibiotic sensitivity and may cause frequent stone formation in enterocystoplasties. Five intestinal (Caco-2, HT29, HT29-18N2, HT29-FU, and HT29-MTX) and one ureter cell line (SV-HUC-1) were incubated in artificial urine with five Proteus mirabilis strains. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), laser scanning microscopy, and electron microscopy evaluated cellular adhesion and/or invasion, pathologic changes to mitochondria, and P. mirabilis-mucin colocalization (MUC2 and MUC5AC). An MTT (thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide) assay and FACS analysis of caspase-3 evaluated the cellular response. Infected cells were incubated with antibiotics at dosages representing the expected urinary concentrations in a 10-year-old, 30-kg child to evaluate bacterial invasion and survival. All cell lines showed colocalization of P. mirabilis with human colonic mucin (i.e., MUC2) and human gastric mucin (i.e., MUC5AC). The correlation between membrane mucin expression and invasion was significant and opposite for SV-HUC-1 and HT29-MTX. Microscopically, invasion by P. mirabilis with intracellular crystal formation and mitochondrial damage was found. Double membranes surrounded bacteria in intestinal cells. Relative resistance to cotrimoxazole and augmentin was found in the presence of epithelial cells. Ciprofloxacin and gentamicin remained effective. Membrane mucin expression was correlated with relative antibiotic resistance. Cell invasion by P. mirabilis and mucin- and cell type-related distribution and response differences indicate bacterial tropism that affects crystal formation and mucosal presence. Bacterial invasion seems to have cell type-dependent mechanisms and prolong bacterial survival in antibiotic therapy, giving a new target for therapeutic optimalization of antibiotic treatment.
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PMID:Pathological and therapeutic significance of cellular invasion by Proteus mirabilis in an enterocystoplasty infection stone model. 1243 82

A degradable polycaprolactone(PCL)/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid, LA:GA = 80:20) (PLGA) ureter tubular stent was fabricated by electrospinning. The structure and properties of the stents were investigated by the mechanical property testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), degradability test in vitro and MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The stent was transplanted to the dorsal muscle of rabbit to evaluate its tissue compatibility. It was shown that the stent has the nano-structure. The mechanical test showed that with the increase in PCL concentration, the mechanical properties of the stent gradually increased, and it could meet the demands of a urethral stent. The collapse time of different concentration of PCL/PLGA (5%, 15%, and 25%) was 28, 42, and 56 days, respectively. These results provide strong evidence that the degradation time can be increased with the increase in PCL concentration. The results of the MTT assay show that the PCL/PLGA stent had no cytotoxicity. In muscle implantation tests, acute tissue reactions due to operation trauma were seen in all specimens at 1 week. After four weeks, the number of inflammatory cells had decreased significantly. Only a few inflammatory cells were seen in the PCL/PLGA stent group after 12 weeks, and the foreign body reaction was more severe in the control group. Animal orthotopic transplantation experiments of these ureteral stents will be done to evaluate its degradable model and tissue compatibility.
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PMID:A Nanostructured Degradable Ureteral Stent Fabricated by Electrospinning for Upper Urinary Tract Reconstruction. 2668 32