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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The use of autologous urothelium would be advantageous for urothelial replacement in many genitourinary reconstructive procedures. Urothelial tissue grafts might be created using isolated populations of transitional epithelium or tissue in concert with an appropriate synthetic substrate. We describe the results of experiments designed to determine the feasibility of using biodegradable polymers as delivery vehicles for the creation of new urothelial structures in vivo from dissociated cells. Primary cultures enriched in uroepithelial cells were obtained from New Zealand white rabbits using a new technique of cell harvest. Cells were seeded onto nonwoven meshes of polyglycolic acid polymers in culture and, after 1 to 4 days in vitro, the cell-polymer scaffolds were implanted into the mesentery, omentum or retroperitoneum of athymic mice. Polymers implanted without cells served as controls. Animals were sacrificed at 5, 10, 20 and 30 days after implantation and 75 implants were examined histologically. Ten days after implantation isolated single cell layers were seen lining the polymer fibers. At 20 and 30 days polymer degradation was evident and urothelial cells lined the polymer in continuous layers of 1 to 3-cell thickness. Anticytokeratin western blots demonstrated the presence of a urothelium-associated cytokeratin in cell-polymer implants recovered after 30 days. These results demonstrate that urothelial cells can be successfully harvested, survive in culture and attach to artificial biodegradable polymers. The urothelial-polymer scaffolds can be implanted into host animals and the implanted cells can achieve spatial orientation as the polymer undergoes biodegradation. These findings suggest that it may be possible to use autologous urothelium, reconfigured on a synthetic substrate, in reconstructive procedures involving the ureter, bladder and urethra.
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PMID:Formation of urothelial structures in vivo from dissociated cells attached to biodegradable polymer scaffolds in vitro. 132 66

Normal epithelial cell differentiation is characterized by the production of distinct cytokeratin proteins. It is well known that epithelia of several organs show squamous metaplasia in a vitamin A-deficient status. It is not yet known whether these histological changes are concomitant with a change in cytokeratin expression. Therefore, 3-week-old female rats (BN/BiRij) were fed a vitamin A-deficient diet for 8 weeks. The cytokeratin expression in epithelia of various organs was monitored immunohistochemically during the induction of vitamin A deficiency. Therefore, monoclonal antibodies specific for human cytokeratin 4, 5, 5 + 8, 7, 10, 14, 18 and 19 were used. In a normal vitamin A status, the distributional pattern for the different cytokeratins in rats was similar to that reported for human tissue. No change in cytokeratin expression was seen in trachea, skin, liver and colon at any time point studied. Squamous metaplasia in urinary bladder and salivary glands was observed after six weeks on the vitamin A-deficient diet. This was concomitant with a substitution of cytokeratins 4, 5 + 8, 7, 18 and 19 by cytokeratin 10. The latter cytokeratin is specific for keratinized squamous epithelium. A change in cytokeratin expression was observed in bladder, ureter, kidney, salivary glands, uterus and conjunctiva before histological alterations appeared. In conclusion, the changes in cytokeratin expression observed under vitamin A deficiency in epithelia in vivo are in agreement with those described in other studies for epithelial cells in vitro. The changes in cytokeratin expression and the subsequent differentiation into squamous cells occurs in basal cells of the bladder but not in transitional cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Alterations in cytokeratin expression precede histological changes in epithelia of vitamin A-deficient rats. 137 88

Cytokeratin expression was studied in the epithelia lining the normal human urine conducting system using immunohistochemistry on frozen sections employing a panel of 14 monoclonal antibodies. Eleven of these anticytokeratin antibodies reacted specifically with one of the 19 human cytokeratin polypeptides. Profound differences were found in the cytokeratin expression patterns between the different types of epithelium in the male and female urinary tract. In the areas showing morphological transitions of transitional epithelium to columnar epithelium and of nonkeratinizing squamous epithelium to keratinizing squamous epithelium gradual shifts of cytokeratin expression patterns were observed, often anticipating the morphological changes. However, also within one type of epithelium, i.e. the transitional epithelium, two different patterns of cytokeratin expression were found. Expression of cytokeratin 7 was homogeneous in the transitional epithelium of renal pelvis and ureter but heterogeneous in the transitional epithelium of the bladder. Furthermore, intraepithelial differences in cytokeratin expression could be shown to be differentiation related. Using a panel of chain-specific monoclonal antibodies to cytokeratins 8 and 18 conformational and/or biochemical changes in the organization of these intermediate filaments were demonstrated upon differentiation in columnar and transitional epithelium.
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PMID:Distribution of cytokeratin polypeptides in epithelia of the adult human urinary tract. 247 69

Intermediate filament proteins of normal epithelia of the human and the bovine male urogenital tract and of certain human renal and bladder carcinomas have been studied by immunofluorescence microscopy and by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of cytoskeletal fractions from microdissected tissue samples. The patterns of expression of cytokeratin polypeptides differ in the various epithelia. Filaments of a cytokeratin nature have been identified in all true epithelial cells of the male urogenital tract, including renal tubules and rete testis. Simple epithelia of renal tubules and collecting ducts of kidney, as well as rete testis, express only cytokeratin polypeptides nos. 7, 8, 18, and 19. In contrast, the transitional epithelia of renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, and proximal urethra contain, in addition to those polypeptides, cytokeratin no. 13 and small amounts of nos. 4 and 5. Most epithelia lining the human male reproductive tract, including those in the epididymis, ductus deferens, prostate gland, and seminal vesicle, synthesize cytokeratin no. 5 in addition to cytokeratins nos. 7, 8, 18, and 19 (cytokeratin no. 7 had not been detected in the prostate gland). Cytokeratin no. 17 has also been identified, but in very low amounts, in seminal vesicle and epididymis. The cytokeratin patterns of the urethra correspond to the gradual transition of the pseudostratified epithelium of the pars spongiosa (cytokeratins nos. 4, 5, 6, 13, 14, 15, and 19) to the stratified squamous epithelium of the fossa navicularis (cytokeratins nos. 5, 6, 10/11, 13, 15, and 19, and minor amounts of nos. 1 and 14). The noncornified stratified squamous epithelium of the glans penis synthesizes cytokeratin nos. 1, 5, 6, 10/11, 13, 14, 15, and 19. In immunofluorescence microscopy, selective cytokeratin antibodies reveal differential staining of different groups or layers of cells in several epithelia that may relate to the specific expression of cytokeratin polypeptides. Human renal cell carcinomas show a simple cytokeratin pattern consisting of cytokeratins nos. 8, 18, and 19, whereas transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder reveal additional cytokeratins such as nos. 5, 7, 13, and 17 in various proportions. The results shows that the wide spectrum of histological differentiation of the diverse epithelia present in the male urogenital tract is accompanied by pronounced changes in the expression of cytokeratin polypeptides and suggest that tumors from different regions of the urogenital tract may be distinguished by their cytokeratin complements.
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PMID:Cytokeratin polypeptide patterns of different epithelia of the human male urogenital tract: immunofluorescence and gel electrophoretic studies. 258 Aug 81

We report a case of sarcomatoid carcinoma of the ureter in a 60-year-old woman who presented at our hospital with right flank pain. She had undergone total ovariectomy and radiation therapy for ovarian cancer at the age of 40 years. A diagnosis of ureteral tumor (cTsN0M0) led to radical right nephroureterectomy and partial cystectomy. Microscopic examination showed a tumor that contained areas of both sarcoma and transitional cell carcinoma. The carcinomatous tissues were blended into the sarcomatous areas and there was a transitional zone between the 2 components. Immunohistochemical examination showed that the spindle cells were positive for cytokeratin, so the final diagnosis was sarcomatoid carcinoma of the ureter. The patient has remained well without any evidence of recurrence for 5 months since the operation. There is no effective adjunctive therapy, so constant careful monitoring will be necessary. Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the ureter is a rare tumor and this is only the sixth case reported in Japan.
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PMID:Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the ureter: a case report. 947 96

We report the first documented case of undifferentiated carcinoma of the renal pelvis with a prominent lymphoid stroma (lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma [LELC]). LELCs are morphologically identical to nasopharyngeal carcinoma and are rarely seen in the urinary tract, with only isolated cases involving the urinary bladder and ureter. The tumor was composed entirely of large pale staining malignant epithelial cells with ill-defined borders arranged in syncytial sheets separated by mainly reactive lymphocytes, occasional plasma cells and histiocytes. Tumor cells were immunoreactive to cytokeratin and were negative for leukocyte common antigen. Awareness of LELC is important, as it should be distinguished from lymphoma or inflammatory lesions including, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis.
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PMID:Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the renal pelvis. 1064 22

The distribution of Pan cytokeratin and cytokeratin 18 in the dog and sheep urinary bladder and ureter as seen by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies is described. Both cytokeratins were observed in the urinary bladder and ureter of the studied species. Differences in their localization are described.
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PMID:Expression of cytokeratins in the urinary passages. 1070 52

We report a case of primary small cell carcinoma of the ureter with squamous cell and transitional cell carcinomatous components associated with ureteral stone, which is unique in that the patient has remained free of tumor recurrence for 36 months after the surgery without adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy. A 60-yr-old man presented himself with a right flank pain. Computed tomography revealed an ill-defined mass and a stone in the lower one third of the right ureter, and hydronephroureterosis above the stone-impacted site. The patient underwent right nephroureterectomy and stone removal. Upon gross examination, a 3.8 x 1.8 x 1.2 cm white and partly yellow mass was noted in the anterior part of the ureter, resulting in indentation of the ureteral lumen on the posterior side. Light microscopic examination revealed that the mass was mainly composed of small cell carcinoma, and partly squamous cell and transitional cell carcinomatous components. The overlying ureteral mucosa and renal pelvis also contained multifocal dysplastic transitional epithelium and transitional cell carcinoma in situ. There was no vascular invasion, and the surgical margins were free of tumor. The small cell carcinomatous component was positive for chromogranin, neuron specific enolase, synaptophysin, and pancytokeratin but negative for high molecular-weight cytokeratin (K-903) by immunohistochemistry.
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PMID:Small cell carcinoma of the ureter with squamous cell and transitional cell carcinomatous components associated with ureteral stone. 1174 66

Nephrogenic metaplasia of the bladder and urethra has been the subject of extensive studies in recent years. However, information about ureteral involvement is still limited because of the rarity of the lesion. We described four cases of nephrogenic metaplasia of the ureter. They occurred in two men and two women whose ages ranged from 46 to 69 years. Three patients had stones, and one had multiple episodes of cystitis and chronic pyelonephritis. The lesions led to ureteral obstruction that in two patients was radiographically suspicious for carcinoma. Microscopically, three lesions were composed of tiny mucin-containing microcysts and medium-sized tubular structures lined by cuboidal cells that showed cytologic atypia characterized by enlarged vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli. However, there were no mitotic figures. Two lesions invaded the full thickness of the wall of the ureter and exhibited an infiltrative growth pattern highlighted by cytokeratin stains. The remaining two lesions were confined to the lamina propria. The cells of nephrogenic metaplasia were immunoreactive to cytokeratin 7 and AE1-AE3. They lacked reactivity for monoclonal and polyclonal CEA and p53. The MIB-1-labeling index was <5%. The cytologic atypia and infiltrative growth pattern of ureteral nephrogenic metaplasia should not be misinterpreted as evidence of malignancy. All four patients are alive and symptom free 8 months to 7 years after diagnosis.
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PMID:Symptomatic nephrogenic metaplasia of ureter: a morphologic and immunohistochemical study of four cases. 1211 15

We report the case of a 59-year-old woman who presented with right flank pain and fever. Diagnostic investigations revealed stenosis of the right ureter extending over about 1cm. Since a double-J prosthesis could not be passed through it, a percutaneous nephrostomy was constructed and surgical exploration and excision of the stenotic ureteral segment were then carried out. Histopathological analysis of the segment removed showed diffuse infiltration with epithelial tumor cells. On immunohistochemistry, these cells were found to be positive for cytokeratin and for estrogen and progesterone receptors. No primary cancer and no additional metastases were detected. Eleven months later a primary tumor with a metastasis in the left supraclavicular region was found in the patient's right breast.
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PMID:Ureteral metastasis of occult breast cancer. 1556 65


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