Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Following an oral dose of [14C]phenol (12.5 or 25 mg/kg) to sheep, pig and rat, urinary elimination of radioactivity was rapid, 80-90% dose being excreted in the first 8 h. 2. In anaesthetized, ureter-cannulated rats, 70-80% of an intraduodenal dose was eliminated in 2 h; 2% dose was excreted as phenol conjugates in the urine within 10 min. 3. The major urinary metabolites from phenol (25 mg/kg) were phenylglucuronide and phenylsulphate. In the sheep, pig and rat, the glucuronide accounted for 49%, 83% and 42% respectively, of the total urinary metabolites and sulphate accounted for 32%, 1% and 55%. Conjugates of quinol were minor urinary metabolites (less than 7%) in all three species. 4. In sheep some 12% of the urinary metabolites was conjugated with phosphate; this metabolite was not found in rat or pig.
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PMID:Metabolism of [14C]phenol by sheep, pig and rat. 47 90

Changes in the excretion of water and electrolyte in one kidney after exclusion of its partner have been studied in anesthetized dogs and rabbits. Complete clamping of the contralateral kidney pedicle or ureter results in a rapid increase in the excretion of water, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphate and bicarbonate. This response is also observed in denervated kidneys. Pretreatment with the loop inhibitor, furosemide, does not preclude adaptation which, however, is blunted by acetazolamide, an inhibitor of proximal sodium and bicarbonate reabsorption. Free-water reabsorption during hypertonic saline diuresis is normal in the remaining kidney. Compensatory adaptation, thus, appears to be located in the proximal tubule. The regulatory response to contralateral kidney exclusion is already fully developed in one-month-old rabbits. Compensatory adaptation of electrolyte excretion is not accounted for by changes in extracellular fluid volume, plasma composition, glomerular filtration rate, effective renal plasma flow, aldosterone or vasopressin.
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PMID:Studies on compensatory adaptation of renal functions. 73 47

Adult ureter epithelium of the golden hamster is found to be multilayered but not stratified. All epithelial cells are in contact with the basement membrane and thereby get into close vicinity to the underlying dense capillary network of the lamina propria. By this diffusion distances for nutritial fluids are kept very short. As can be seen from high glycoproteid and glycolipid content as well as high SDH, G6PDH and LDH activities, superficial cells are higher differentiated than intermediate and basal cells where enzyme activities and concentrations of glycoproteids and glycolipids are always found to be lower. From low RNA-concentrations in all layers of ureter epithelium, high G6PDH activity and glycolipid content, it is concluded that pentose-phosphate cycle primarily functions as donator of reduced NADP for lipid synthesis. Dual presence of SDH and LDH activities in ureter epithelium is seen in hypothetical connection with periods of changing oxygen supply caused by ureter peristalsis. Small amounts of glycogen are metabolically rather inactive as revealed by low or absent phosphorylase and UDPGGT activities.
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PMID:Histochemistry of the metanephros in the golden hamster. II. The adult ureter. 81 12

The concentration of major urinary solutes was studied in ureteral urine collected at 15- to 30-s intervals at the onset of acute diuresis induced in anesthetized dogs either by high-ceiling diuretics (mainly ethacrynic acid) or by osmotic diuretics. Phosphate/inulin clearance ratios remained unchanged; potassium/inulin clearance ratios rose rapidly. Principal attention is given to the mechanisms underlying a transient rise in urinary sodium and chloride concentrations during the onset of diuresis. When the data are corrected for washout artifacts from the pelvis and ureter, it can be shown that the initial collection periods are associated with a transient increase in free-water production and by the simultaneous secretion of urea from the interstitium into the tubular fluid. The former coincides in time with the rise in urinary chloride concentration and represents an augmentation of water reabsorbed in the collecting duct, which is relatively impermeable to chloride. Both responses are quantitatively consistent with the transition from a hyperosmotic to isosmotic medullary interstitium.
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PMID:Electrolyte excretion and free-water production during onset of acute diuresis. 113 May 34

Blind ending bifid ureter is a rare anomaly in the urinary tract. This anomaly may result from failure of a premature branch of the ureteral bud to join with the metanephric blastema. A 21-year-old man was admitted with macroscopic hematuria and colic pain in the left flank region. Urinalysis demonstrated hematopyuria and excretory urography suggested bifid ending accessory ureter with a stone on the left side. Surgical exploration showed that the accessory ureter was bifurcated from the left ureter at about 5 mm from the bladder wall and ran parallel with the left ureter. Although dense adhesions to the surrounding tissue existed, the accessory ureter was resected at the site of the junction. It measured 3 cm in length and 1 cm in greatest diameter. The stone found at the tip of the accessory ureter was composed of calcium oxalate (24%) and calcium phosphate (76%). Histological examination revealed that the ureter had all layers of normal ureteral structure and no renal tissue was identified in the specimen resected. During a follow-up period of 22 months after the operation, he was free of urinary tract infection and abdominal pain. Of 77 cases with blind ending bifid ureter reported in the Japanese literature, a ureteral stone was found in the blind branch in only 5 cases.
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PMID:[Blind ending bifid ureter with stone in the blind branch: report of a case]. 185 88

A series of 270 paediatric stone patients was studied retrospectively according to the clinical pattern of urolithiasis (age and sex, stone location, stone analysis, recurrence rate) and aetiology of stone disease (infection, anatomical, metabolic or idiopathic). Infection stones occurred earliest and more commonly in males and were usually upper tract struvite calculi related to Proteus infection. Anatomical stones were most commonly associated with pelviureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction and had a high recurrence rate, despite surgical correction of obstruction. Idiopathic stones most resembled those found in adult urolithiasis by virtue of occurring latest, being sited in the ureter more often and being more frequently composed of calcium oxalate. Metabolic stones were most frequently calcium phosphate or cystine and virtually all were renal. They comprised the smallest group but had the highest recurrence rate.
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PMID:Clinical patterns of paediatric urolithiasis. 188 49

We describe a self-contained system for the continuous infusion of drugs into the rat urinary bladder. A reversible model of hydronephrosis is used to prepare one renal unit for nephrostomy tube placement. An 0.8 mm. silastic nephrostomy tube is introduced into the hydronephrotic kidney via a 16 gauge angiocath. The nephrostomy tube is then connected to an Alzet mini osmotic pump which is implanted in a subcutaneous location. The ability of this system to deliver a continuous dose of a test agent into the bladder was evaluated. Pumps were filled with a 1% solution of methylene blue in phosphate buffered saline. Following pump implantation, urinary samples were collected on a daily basis and subsequently analyzed for their concentration of methylene blue. At the completion of the experiment, specimens of the kidney, ureter, and bladder were histologically examined. Results demonstrated an average of 102% recovery of the theoretically delivered dose over a 14-day period. Renal histology demonstrated chronic inflammatory changes at the site of nephrostomy tube placement. No upper or lower tract urothelial changes were identified. This model provides a system for the continuous delivery of drugs in the rat urinary tract and results in no histological alteration to the lower urinary tract.
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PMID:A continuous intravesical drug delivery system for the rat. 199 16

Nowadays the postnatal management of antenatally detected hydronephrosis is much debated. Some authors claim that these cases ought to be operated very early, since there is rapid renal destruction and full recovery may only be achieved during this period. Others claim the opposite and recommend a nonoperative follow-up, provided that renal function is normal, as it is in the majority of cases. If experimental studies are to be used to settle this question, the created obstructions must correspond to human obstructions. That is, be partial and permanent, produced in fetal or newborn animals, preferably be moderate in degree, the diameter should grow in pace with the growing ureter, and be followed for a long period. Only three experimental series fulfil, to some extent, these requirements. In two of them a severe obstruction was produced, which within 5-8 weeks led to reductions by 80-95% in renal blood flow, glomerular filtration and potassium and phosphate excretions, which were in part compensated for and established early. In one study, a moderate obstruction was created which within 9 weeks led to reductions of 10-30% in renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, and potassium excretions, which were in part compensated for. The changes appeared very soon but were not progressive. Release of the obstruction had to be performed very early in order to avoid the lesions. The causes of the renal defects and of the absence of progression are discussed. It is concluded that the majority of human pyeloureteral obstructions are best imitated by a moderate type obstruction. The results do not support any rationale for early correction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Suspected pyelo-ureteral junction obstruction in the fetus: when to do what? II. Experimental viewpoints. 202 16

At Osaka City University Hospital, we performed extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for 1277 patients in a total of 1788 sessions using Dornier kidney lithotripter Model HM III from July, 1985 to the end of December, 1988. Among the patients with a solitary stone, 911 cases were available for the follow-up study and we have compared the results among these cases in respect to the stone location and size. The results obtained were as follows: the ratio of kidney stone to ureter stone was found to be 2.2:1 in male, and 3.8:1 in female patients. This indicates that ureter stones are more frequently found in male than in female patients. In addition, we compared the size of kidney stones found in the patients including 415 male and 243 female patients. Stones larger than 20 mm were more frequently found in female than in male patients. Moreover, a stone composition study of these patients showed that the contents of both phosphate calcium and magnesium ammonium phosphate were higher in female than in male patients. ESWL performed against stones at pelvis and calyces exhibited the best results. The results obtained with the stones less than 20 mm in diameter were especially favorable with a success rate of 100% for the stones less than 10 mm and 83% for the stones 10-20 mm, in diameter, while the results with the stones larger than 20 mm in diameter were rather poor with a success rate of 31%. ESWL performed against ureter stones showed poor results with a success rate of 63% for the stones smaller than 20 mm in diameter.
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PMID:[Evaluation of the results of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for solitary upper urinary tract stone]. 226 41

The rate of residual stones and that of recurrent lithiasis were investigated in 183 patients who had undergone extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) between July, 1986 and December, 1988. The investigation was done by questionnaire survey at 22 institutions including our hospital on patients who were followed up after ESWL. The 183 patients included 126 male and 57 female patients between 9 and 77 years old (the mean 43.6 years). The greater part of patients had lithiasis of the lower renal calyx and upper ureter. The rate of residual stones 3 months after ESWL was 33.3% (61 patients) and the success rate was 72.2%. Chemical analysis of stones disclosed calcium oxalate-containing stones in 61% and calcium phosphate-containing ones in 10.8%. Recurrence of lithiasis was observed in 18 of the 131 patients (13.7%) who could be followed up for 6 months or more. These results were compared with those obtained after endoscopic treatment at Kinki University.
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PMID:[Follow-up study of residual and recurrent stone after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy]. 228 7


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