Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of five iodinated contrast media and of physiologic saline on bladder capacity were studied. It was found that a significantly greater volume of sodium chloride was tolerated than of Cysto-Conray, Conray 30. Hypaque meglumine 30, Hypaque sodium, and Dimer X. Dimer X was tolerated in the smallest volume. The reason for the difference in volume tolerated is not known. The bladder mucosa showed dehydration changes 6 hr after saline cystogram with no change at 24 hr, 48 hr, 7 days, and 3 months. The contrast media produced dehydration and hydropic and desquamative changes in the bladder mucosa with at least one of these changes persisting up to 3 months. There was no significant difference in the severity of the changes produced by the various contrast media. No evidence of inflammatory changes was seen in the bladder mucosa or wall or in the ureter with any of the agents.
 ...
PMID:Contrast media used in cystourethrography. Experimental evaluation. 23 1

Experimental data demonstrate that sinusoidal modulated currents are capable of increasing the frequency and amplitude of smooth muscle biopotentials in animal ureter. Basing on these findings, the authors conducted stone fragments elimination from the upper urinary tracts of patients subjected to pulse lithotripsy by means of an original physiotherapeutic complex: oral mineral water, sodium chloride baths, dynamic amplipulse therapy with 3-4 electrodes pairs applied on the renal area and different ureteral regions. The stones passage from the upper urinary tracts was reported in 91.7% of the cases. Functional improvement in the affected kidney is attributed to the stone elimination and antiinflammatory action of the above balneotherapeutic complex.
 ...
PMID:[The action of dynamic amplipulse therapy on the urodynamics of the upper urinary tract in patients with kidney and ureteral stone fragments following extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy]. 129 19

Brown Norway kininogen-deficient rats had very low levels of plasma kininogens and lower levels of plasma prekallikrein, compared with those of normal rats of the same strain. Systolic blood pressure, determined by the tail-cuff method, of 5-week-old kininogen-deficient rats (106 +/- 0.4 mm Hg, n = 7) and the rate of systolic blood pressure increase with age were not different from those in normal rats. Weekly injections of deoxycorticosterone acetate (5 mg/kg s.c.) with 1% sodium chloride solution in drinking water after uninephrectomy at 7 weeks of age caused a gradual increase in the blood pressure of normal rats, reaching a plateau at 18 weeks of age, whereas that of deficient rats rose rapidly to 158 +/- 6 mm Hg 2 weeks after the start of treatment and continued to increase slightly, becoming significantly higher than normal rats at 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 weeks of age (p less than 0.05 or 0.01). The levels of urinary prokallikrein and active kallikrein were slightly higher in deficient rats before deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt treatment but were not significantly increased after this treatment, whereas these levels in normal rats were increased 3.6- and 4.7-fold by this treatment. Urinary free kinin, collected from the ureter in untreated deficient rats, was below the detection limit. The plasma level of low molecular weight kininogen, the substrate of glandular kallikrein, was decreased in normal rats during the treatment. Continuous subcutaneous injection of aprotinin by an osmotic pump to normal rats induced significant increase in blood pressure. These results indicate that glandular kallikrein may play a suppressive role in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertension.
 ...
PMID:Suppression of rat deoxycorticosterone-salt hypertension by kallikrein-kinin system. 171 Jun 5

To elucidate the role of the ureter in urinary concentration we studied the effect of partial and complete ureteral excision on urinary osmolality and papillary interstitial osmolality and on sodium, potassium, and urea concentrations in the antidiuretic rat. Urine and descending vasa recta (DVR) plasma samples were obtained by micropuncture of the left renal papilla before (period 1) and 45 min after (period 2) complete (group 1, n = 10 rats) or partial (group 2, n = 10 rats) ureteral excision. Urine osmolality fell from 2,063 +/- 156 (mean +/- SE) to 736 +/- 116 mosmol/kgH2O after complete ureteral excision (P less than 0.01). After partial ureteral excision, the fall was less than half as great, from 2,038 +/- 167 to 1,551 +/- 162 mosmol/kgH2O (P less than 0.01). Vasa recta plasma osmolality decreased from 1,742 +/- 133 to 860 +/- 119 mosmol/kgH2O after complete excision (P less than 0.01) but only from 1,830 +/- 146 to 1,504 +/- 154 mosmol/kgH2O after partial excision (P less than 0.05). Mean DVR plasma sodium concentration declined from 339 +/- 25 to 211 +/- 25 meq/l (P less than 0.01) in group 1 but did not change in group 2 (348 +/- 21 to 347 +/- 28 meq/l). The fraction of DVR plasma osmolality accounted for by urea decreased significantly from 0.59 +/- 0.01 to 0.46 +/- 0.02 mM/(mosmol/kgH2O) in group 1 and from 0.59 +/- 0.02 to 0.49 +/- 0.03 mM/(mosmol/kgH2O) for group 2 (P less than 0.01, both groups). We interpret these findings to show that the remnant ureter moderates the fall in interstitial osmolality at least in part through preservation of the corticomedullary sodium chloride gradient.
 ...
PMID:Effect of ureteral excision on inner medullary solute concentration in rats. 320 84

Ureteral motility was studied in twenty-five sodium pentobarbital-anaesthetized sheep. Mean frequency of the peristaltic waves was 15 per min and the range was 11-19. Frequency was the same throughout the length of the ureter. Mean contraction pressure (cm H2O) was 40 in the upper ureter, 35 in the middle ureter and 31 in the lower ureter. Mean concentration time was 1 sec and range was 0.6-1.5. Mean relaxation time was 1.1 sec and range was 0.7-1.5. Diuresis induced by rapid intravenous administration of physiologic sodium chloride solution abolished the peristaltic activity.
 ...
PMID:Ureteral motility in sheep. 616 12

The paper presents methodological and therapeutic aspects of the experiment in which rabbit ureters were stimulated with ultrasound. Rectal exposure to the ultrasound made impulses from the ureteral smooth muscle significantly more frequent in 100% of the animals, applications of the ultrasound to the skin produced the same results in 70% of the test animals. The authors also achieved clinical effects in 63.6% and 86.7% of patients with ureteroliths or their fragments, respectively, in the low third of the ureter following combined treatment which involved oral mineral water, sodium chloride baths and ultrasound. The effect was evident after a single treatment course.
 ...
PMID:[The stimulation of ureteral motor activity by ultrasound in ureterolithiasis]. 826 70

A 3-year-old Thoroughbred colt was presented for evaluation of azotemia and anorexia. Physical examination revealed a ureterolith in the left ureter, approximately 10 cm from the bladder, which was thought to obstruct urine flow by approximately 90% when viewed cystoscopically. Ultrasonographic examination of both kidneys revealed indistinct corticomedullary junctions, and the right kidney was more hyperechoic. A percutaneous biopsy of the right kidney revealed chronic interstitial nephritis with marked interstitial medullary fibrosis. Medical therapy consisting of IV fluids, sodium chloride PO, and ammonium chloride PO was initiated. Ureteroscopic electrohydraulic lithotripsy via a perineal urethrostomy was used to successfully remove the stone. Klebsiella oxytoca, which responded to oral enrofloxacin therapy, was cultured from the urine after surgery. Azotemia resolved and the horse resumed training.
 ...
PMID:Resolution of a left ureteral stone using electrohydraulic lithotripsy in a thoroughbred colt. 852 27

The action of indirect electrochemical blood oxidation with 0.06% solution of sodium hypochlorite on kidney and urinary inflammation was studied in experiments on 60 non-inbred rat females of 200-250 g body weight. The animals were intravesically infected through the catheter with E. coli and Ps. aeruginosa. 3 days later, after histological verification of acute pyelonephritis, ureteritis, cystitis, the animals were injected intraperitoneally 1.0 and 2.0 ml daily of sodium hypochlorite solution (control animals) or 0.89% solution of sodium chloride. Though no reliable decrease of the bacterial contamination was achieved, histologically, there was a marked reduction in morphological signs of the inflammation in the kidneys, ureter and urinary bladder on the first day after beginning of electrochemical blood oxidation with solution of sodium hypochlorite in experimental groups. In experimental group rats morphological signs of urinary and renal inflammation for both infections disappeared on days 7 and 10, respectively. In the control animals morphological signs of the inflammation remained after 10 days. Moreover, purulent inflammation was registered in the controls infected with Ps. aeruginosa.
 ...
PMID:[Effects of indirect electrochemical blood oxidation by sodium hypochlorite solution on the course on inflammatory process in the kidneys and urinary tract]. 964 85

Human beta-defensin-1 (hBD-1) was first isolated from blood filtrate by our group. Further studies elucidate the significance of this peptide in the human urogenital tract. The hBD-1 gene is expressed in urogenital epithelial organs such as urinary bladder, ureter, vagina and particularly in distal tubular cells of the kidney. Functional characterization of hBD-1 was carried out with native hBD-1 purified from human body fluids. Several different N-terminally truncated variants derived from the 68-amino acid-containing precursor of hBD-1 occur in blood filtrate and in urine. The generation of these variants can be explained by digestion through a chymotrypsin-like protease. Unlike the alpha-defensins which are structurally related peptide antibiotics, our results indicate that native hBD-1 exhibits minor antimicrobial activity which is not related to the extension of the N-terminus. Only few microorganisms, for example bacilli, are significantly inhibited by hBD-1. Moreover, antibiotic activity is suppressed in solutions containing physiological sodium chloride concentrations. This is in contrast to previous reports assuming a pivotal role of hBD-1 in antimicrobial host defense. In contrast to its weak antimicrobial activity, it is shown that hBD-1 has a strong cytotoxic potential towards mammalian cells like NIH-3T3 fibroblasts. We assume that this property might be important during eradicative processes at epithelia in particular when the synthesis rate of this peptide is upregulated.
 ...
PMID:Human beta-defensin-1: A urinary peptide present in variant molecular forms and its putative functional implication. 968 27

Osmotic pressure maintained by liver or kidney tissue measured by its water equilibrium with solutions of sodium chloride remains unchanged from 5 minutes up to 1(1/2) hours following removal of the tissue from the body. Then with autolytic increase of molecular concentration within the cytoplasm of cells it reaches a higher level. Osmotic pressure maintained by pancreas or submaxillary gland, as ascertained in the same way, remains unchanged during (1/2) hour and later increases. Liver tissue of rat, mouse, guinea pig, rabbit, and cat maintains an osmotic pressure greater than twice that of the blood, and kidney tissue maintains an osmotic pressure somewhat less than twice that of blood. Fasting throughout a period of 7 days has little influence upon osmotic pressure maintained by cells of liver or kidney. Low protein diet has been found to depress osmotic pressure of liver cells after about 4 weeks, and with degenerative changes in the parenchyma, notably fatty infiltration, this pressure has remained at a diminished level during approximately 90 days. Increase of pressure within the common bile duct and the changes following biliary obstruction are accompanied by depression of the osmotic pressure maintained by liver tissue and ligation of the ureter diminishes the osmotic pressure maintained by kidney tissue. In both instances osmotic pressure tends later to rise to its former level. The osmotic pressure maintained by liver or by kidney tissue preserves an approximately uniform level under normal conditions and may be little changed by conspicuous injury to the organ. When this osmotic homeostasis is impaired by severe injury the pressure maintained by the tissue returns to its former level with recovery from the injury.
 ...
PMID:Osmotic homeostasis maintained by mammalian liver, kidney, and other tissues. 1305 14


1