Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have shown that acute (24-hr) unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) induces the genes encoding for renin, in juxtaglomerular apparatuses and in tubules, for angiotensin converting enzyme in vascular endothelial cells, and for angiotensinogen in perivascular fat. These molecular changes occur in temporal association to marked reductions in renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR), suggesting that angiotensin II (Ang II) is at least partly responsible for the renal vasoconstriction. We tested the hypothesis that down-regulation of the Ang II type-1 receptor (AT1-R) gene occurs in UUO in response to Ang II, by examining the effects of an ACE inhibitor [lisinopril (Li), 5 mg/kg/day] and of the specific nonpeptidic AT1-R blocker, losartan (Lo) (10 mg/kg/day). UUO or sham operated (which included manipulation but not obstruction of the ureter) rats (S) were studied. Northern blot analysis of the steady state concentration of AT1-R mRNA corrected for GAPDH mRNA showed a marked decrease in receptor expression (-77%, N = 4, P < 0.01) in the obstructed kidney (UUO) compared to S; sham diminished gene expression modestly compared to the contralateral kidneys (C) of UUO. In situ hybridization for AT1-R mRNA also showed diminished expression in UUO compared to C kidneys (N = 4). Treatment of UUO rats (N = 4) with Lo increased AT1-R mRNA five times above the levels in UUO rats receiving vehicle; the increase induced by Li was 50% that of Lo; S (N = 4) and C (N = 4) did not change. Losartan, but not vehicle treatment increased RBF (sixfold) and GFR (fivefold) in the UUO kidneys.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Regulation of the renal angiotensin II receptor gene in acute unilateral ureteral obstruction. 793 8

This study was designed to evaluate renal functional reserve (RFR) in obstructive nephropathy using amino acid loading and the effect of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor on RFR. We divided 24 rabbits into 4 groups, consisting of a control, 6-hours-bilateral ureteral obstruction (BUO), 24-hour BUO and 24-hour BUO pretreated with ACE inhibitor. Following the ligation of the bilateral ureters at the vesicoureteral junction, a unilateral ureter was released after a 6-hour or 24-hour duration in the obstructive groups. We measured RFR and renal vascular resistance after releasing a unilateral ureter in BUO. The baseline GFR values in the 6-hour and 24-hour BUO groups were significantly lower than that in the control. RFR were 0.34 + 0.04 ml/min/kg (control), 0.10 + 0.03 (6-hour BUO), 0.01 + 0.03 (24-hour BUO) and 0.10 + 0.01 (ACE inhibitor), respectively. RFR in the 6-hour BUO group was well preserved compared with that in the 24-hour BUO group. Pretreatment with ACE inhibitor in the 24-hour BUO group enhanced RFR to the extent of 6-hour BUO. Our results demonstrated that angiotensin II plays an important role in decreased GFR with obstructive nephropathy. Moreover, the present data suggested that evaluation of RFR might play a key role in the recovery of the post-obstructive renal function.
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PMID:[Renal functional reserve in obstructive nephropathy]. 813 45

A concept is proposed laying emphasis on the involvement of cytokines, growth factors, prostaglandins, and nitrogen oxides in the mechanism of formation of reflux-nephropathy in children. It is shown that enhanced production of mediators of inflammation and humoral growth factors in patients with vesico-ureter reflux depends on the degree of infiltrative and sclerotic changes in the kidneys. The accompanying dysbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines due to increased endogeneous production of TNF-alpha and concomitant decrease of daily BL-10 excretion constitutes an unfavourable prognostic factor of reflux-nephropathy. There is evidence that inclusion of ACE inhibitors (Enap) in therapy of vesico-ureter reflux during 6 months leads to a marked improvement of the structural and functional state of the kidneys. It suggests high renoprotective potential of these preparations and the possibility of their use for prophylaxis of nephrosclerosis in children.
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PMID:[Biologically active compounds in the mechanism of formation of reflux-nephropathy in children]. 1918 11

Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) results in a number of pathophysiological and morphological changes in the renal parenchyma, including interstitial inflammation and fibrosis, apoptotic changes of tubular and interstitial cells. Recent studies have indicated an association between renin-angiotensin system and apoptotic alterations in the kidney after unilateral obstructive nephropathy. In this study, the effect of ACE inhibitors and AT1 receptor antagonists on tubular cell apoptosis and interstitial fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy after UUO in rats was investigated. The study was conducted on Wistar rats with unilaterally ligated ureter and sham operated animals (control group). The rats with UUO were treated with ACE inhibitor (cilazapril) or AT1 receptor antagonists (losartan) and control group was treated with H2O. Sham-operated animals were treated in the same way. Tubular and interstitial cell apoptosis was detected morphologically by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end-labeling (TUNEL). The area of intersitial fibrosis was determined using computer-assisted image processing after Gomory silver impregnation of paraffin sections. All experimental animal groups with unilateral ureter ligation showed a significantly increased number of apoptotic tubular and interstitial cells in the obstructed kidney compared with the contralateral, unobstructed kidney. Histomorphometric analysis of renal interstitial fibrotic changes in the groups of rats treated with losartan or water showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between the operated and sham--operated animals. In conclusion, following UUO there is a significantly increased number of apoptotic tubular cells and interstitial fibrosis in the ipsilateral kidney compared with the contralateral kidney. ACE inhibitors and AT1 receptor antagonists could not decrease the extent of renal cells apoptosis and interstitial fibrosis after UUO.
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PMID:Effect of unilateral ureteral obstruction and anti-angiotensin II treatment on renal tubule cell apoptosis and interstitial fibrosis in rats. 2514 92

Purpose: To report the current status of Robotic approach to creation of Catheterisable channel (CC) with the author's personal experience compared to published literature on technical steps, follow up, and outcomes. Methods: CC data was extracted from the prospective database set up for all Robotic pediatric urology procedures performed by the author at his institution. A literature search was then performed to look at the evidence base. Results: Eighteen consecutive cases (8M:7F) of Robotic approach to creation of CC was identified and included. All attempted cases were successfully completed without any conversion to open approach. Median age at surgery was 10.75 years (IQR 6.9-16.5); Median OT 197 min (IQR 131-295) with concomitant procedures in 4 cases. Appendix was used in 14 cases as CC conduit and distal ureter in 4 cases. Median Length of stay (LOS) was 2.75 days (IQR 2-6) and Median FU 27.3 m. Whilst FU duration is comparable to published series, average OT and LOS was much lower in this series. The LOS in this robotic series is much lower than the author's experience with open approach (2.75 vs. 5.8 days). No major complications postoperatively except for one exit site wound infection managed conservatively. None of the CC have been revised in this series and all channels are patent with 12 F or 14 F admissible catheter size. There were no cases of incontinence related to technique of creation of CC and no incidence of exit site stomal stenosis with use of ACE stopper until channel matures and Clean intermittent catheterisation (CIC) is established. Conclusion: Robotic approach to CC is feasible, safe with excellent outcomes and minimum morbidity. Robotic complex bladder reconstructive surgery offers some advantages to children compared to open approach but is only currently performed in few tertiary centers with expertise.
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PMID:Robotic Approach to Creation of Continent Catheterisable Channels-Technical Steps, Current Status, and Review of Outcomes. 3071 32