Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of this investigation was to determine if the pharmacodynamics of the central nervous system stimulant pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) are altered in renal dysfunction. Female rats subjected to bilateral ureteral ligation (with sham-operated controls) or injected with uranyl nitrate (with saline injected controls) were infused intravenously with PTZ until the onset of either a minimal (myoclonic jerk) or maximal (tonic hindlimb extension) seizure. Neither chemically nor surgically induced renal dysfunction caused a change in the concentrations of PTZ in CSF, serum, or brain at onset of minimal seizures. When PTZ was infused to onset of maximal seizures, the rats with chemically induced renal dysfunction required higher concentrations, whereas the ureter-ligated rats convulsed at lower concentrations of PTZ than did the corresponding control animals. Thus, the effects of experimental renal dysfunction on the convulsant action of PTZ are dependent on both the disease model and the endpoint used for the pharmacodynamic measurement. Apparently, renal dysfunction did not affect the PTZ-induced seizure threshold, but inhibited the spread of seizures. The increased sensitivity of ureter-ligated rats may be due to their pronounced retention of water, since water loading is known to increase seizure susceptibility.
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PMID:Kinetics of drug action in disease states. XXXIII: Disparate effects of pentylenetetrazol in rats as a function of renal disease model and pharmacologic endpoint. 271 36

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is widely distributed throughout the central nervous system and in several sympathetically innervated tissues, including the kidney. Although many central and peripheral acting endogenous compounds alter renal function, the role of NPY is unknown. Accordingly, we examined the effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) or intrarenal administration of NPY on sodium and water excretion in the barbiturate anesthetized rat. Sprague-Dawley rats were uninephrectomized 10 days prior to testing and, in rats undergoing ICV administration, cannulae were implanted 3 days prior to testing. For testing, rats were anesthetized (Nembutal) and the jugular vein, renal artery and ureter catheterized. The results showed that the intrarenal infusion of NPY at 1 microgram/kg/min increased sodium and water excretion relative to the saline control group without altering blood pressure or creatinine clearance. Similarly, ICV administration of NPY at 10 micrograms in a 5 microliters volume increased the excretion of sodium and water without altering blood pressure as compared to the artificial CSF group. These findings suggest that both central and peripheral NPY may contribute to the regulation of sodium and water excretion in the rat.
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PMID:Effects of central and peripheral neuropeptide Y on sodium and water excretion in the rat. 281 60

The toxicity of combination chemotherapy is significant, with the most prominent side effect being myelosuppression. To reduce the toxicity, we used a recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF). A total of 52 patients were enrolled in this study. The sites of tumor involvement included the urinary bladder in 24 patients, the renal pelvis in 5, the ureter in 4, lymph nodes in 11, bone in 4, the lung in 1, and miscellaneous sites in 4 patients. The chemotherapy was given in 21-day cycles as follows: 30 mg/m2 methotrexate was given intravenously on day 1, and approximately 24 h later, 3 mg/m2 vinblastine, 30 mg/m2 epirubicin, and 70 mg/m2 cisplatin were given intravenously. The rhG-CSF (2 micrograms/kg per day) was injected subcutaneously on days 3-16 of each cycle. All patients received full doses of the antineoplastic agents on time according to the protocol design. The response rates were 61% for primary sites, 55% for lymph nodes, 0 for bone, and 67% for miscellaneous sites. Of 42 patients evaluated, 5 (12%) achieved a complete response and 20 (48%) achieved a partial response, for an overall response rate of 60%. Of the 42 patients, 27 (64%) are alive, and the median duration of survival is 14 months. The mean nadir white blood count was more than 5,600 cells/mm3. The incidence of mucositis in the total toxic symptoms was low. There was no cardiac toxicity or drug-related death. These results indicate that the present combination chemotherapy with coadministration of rhG-CSF is an effective and safe regimen for the treatment of urothelial cancer.
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PMID:M-VEC (methotrexate, vinblastine, epirubicin, and cisplatin) with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for the treatment of urothelial cancer: an effective and safe chemotherapy regimen. 752 32

We have generated transgenic mice expressing human granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) in urine. In particular, the expression plasmid DNA containing mouse uroplakin II promoter was used to direct uroepithelium-specific transcription of transgene. In this study, hGM-CSF transcript was detected only in bladder uroepithelium as determined by northern blot analysis. Furthermore, hGM-CSF protein was detected in the suprabasal layer of the uroepithelium and ureter by immunohistochemistry. The hGM-CSF was secreted into urine at high level (up to 180 ng/ml), and enhanced proliferation of hGM-CSF-dependent human acute monocyte leukemic cells, suggesting that transgenic urine-derived hGM-CSF was bioactive. This is the first case of demonstrating biological activity of a cytokine produced in the urine of a transgenic animal. Our results demonstrate that bladder can be used as a bioreactor to produce biologically important substances. In addition, it suggests a potential application of bladder expression system to livestock for high-yield production of pharmaceuticals.
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PMID:Expression of recombinant human granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) in mouse urine. 1143 76

We have generated transgenic mice that expressed human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (hG-CSF) in their urine. In particular, the expression plasmid DNA containing mouse uroplakin II promoter was used to direct the uroepithelium-specific transcription of the transgene. In this study, the hG-CSF transcript was detected only in bladder, as was determined by RT-PCR analysis. Furthermore, hG-CSF protein was detected in the suprabasal layer of the uroepithelium and ureter, as was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. The hG-CSF was secreted into urine at a high level (approx. 500 pg/ml), and it was able to enhance the proliferation of DMSO treated HL-60 cells, suggesting that the transgenic urine-derived hG-CSF was bioactive. However, the recombinant hG-CSF was leaked to peripheral circulation system. To examine the relationship between hG-CSF in the blood stream and the proliferation of hematopoietic cells, we tested the transgenic mouse blood with hematocrit analysis. An increase of the total number of neutrophils in the transgenic mice peripheral blood was not observed; therefore, the leakage of human G-CSF can probably be expected to do no harm to the transgenic mouse. Our results demonstrate that bladder can be safely used as a bioreactor to produce biologically important substances such as recombinant G-CSF.
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PMID:Transgene expression of biological active recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (hG-CSF) into mouse urine. 1616 42

Ventriculo peritoneal shunt is the preferred surgical management for hydrocephalus. Various sites namely cardiac atrium, pleural cavity, ureter, fallopian tubes, bladder and gastric lumen have been used as alternative for distal CSF flow. Gallbladder has been used sparingly in the past as a reservoir of CSF diversion. We report our experience with ventriculo-cholecystic (VC) shunt in 2 cases and recommend it as a simple and safe alternative .for CSF drainage particularly in the situations where serosal surface of abdomen is unfit or unavailable for absorption.
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PMID:Ventriculo cholecystic shunt in the management of hydrocephalus. 1762 Jun 98

We report a case of sarcomatoid carcinoma of the ureter in a 82-year-old woman. She was admitted to our hospital with right hydronephrosis. A computed tomography (CT) and retrograde pyelography (RP) showed a solid tumor at right ureter with right hydronephrosis and 3 cm solid tumor on the right abdominal wall. She underwent laparoscopic nephroureterectomy and excision of abdominal subcutaneous tumor. Pathological diagnosis was urothelial carcinoma with sarcomatoid variant, pT3, grade 3 and abdominal wall metastasis. Other metastasis occured in left kidney and ileum about 1 month after the operation, and then she underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy and ileocecal resection. The histopathological diagnosis was sarcomatoid carcinoma with positive staining for granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). The paient died of multiple metastases 5 months after first operation. As far as we know, this is the first report of G-CSF producing infiltrating sarcomatoid carcinoma of the ureter in Japanese paper.
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PMID:[A CASE OF G-CSF PRODUCING SARCOMATOID CARCIONOMA OF URETER]. 2641 61

The management of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt failure is a common problem in neurosurgical practice. On occasion, extraperitoneal sites for CSF diversion are required when shunting to the peritoneal cavity has failed after multiple attempts. The authors report a novel minimally invasive procedure allowing cannulation of the ureter for the purpose of ventriculo-ureteral (VU) shunting. Sixteen years prior to presentation, this 46-year-old woman had contracted tuberculous meningitis and had chronic hydrocephalus, with multiple distal shunt failures in recent months. A percutaneous nephrostomy was used to pass the distal catheter based on intraoperative retrograde pyelography. Following successful placement of the VU shunt, the patient's hydrocephalus stabilized and she returned to her regular functional status. The only long-term complication noted within 36 months of follow-up was a transient episode of electrolyte disturbance and dehydration associated with a diarrheal illness that responded to adequate hydration and salt supplementation. By its minimally invasive nature, this approach offers a reasonable extraperitoneal alternative after multiple distal shunt catheter failures have occurred.
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PMID:Ventriculo-ureteral shunt insertion using percutaneous nephrostomy: a novel minimally invasive option in a patient with chronic hydrocephalus complicated by multiple distal ventriculoperitoneal shunt failures. 2783 96

The management of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt failure is a common problem in neurosurgical practice. On occasion, extraperitoneal sites for CSF diversion are required when shunting to the peritoneal cavity has failed after multiple attempts. The authors report a novel minimally invasive procedure allowing cannulation of the ureter for the purpose of ventriculo-ureteral (VU) shunting. Sixteen years prior to presentation, this 46-year-old woman had contracted tuberculous meningitis and had chronic hydrocephalus, with multiple distal shunt failures in recent months. A percutaneous nephrostomy was used to pass the distal catheter based on intraoperative retrograde pyelography. Following successful placement of the VU shunt, the patient's hydrocephalus stabilized and she returned to her regular functional status. The only long-term complication noted within 36 months of follow-up was a transient episode of electrolyte disturbance and dehydration associated with a diarrheal illness that responded to adequate hydration and salt supplementation. By its minimally invasive nature, this approach offers a reasonable extraperitoneal alternative after multiple distal shunt catheter failures have occurred.
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PMID:Ventriculo-ureteral shunt insertion using percutaneous nephrostomy: a novel minimally invasive option in a patient with chronic hydrocephalus complicated by multiple distal ventriculoperitoneal shunt failures. 2830 20