Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Symptomatic clinical changes and urodynamic changes are apparent in the female urinary tract system during pregnancy, the menstrual cycle and following the menopause. The sex hormones exert physiological effects on the female urinary tract, from the ureters to the urethra, with oestrogens having an additional influence on the structures of the pelvic floor. High affinity oestrogen receptors have been identified in bladder, trigone, urethra and pubococcygeus muscle of women. Oestrogen pretreatment enhances the contractile response of animal detrusor muscle to alpha-adrenoceptor agonists, cholinomimetics and prostaglandins, as well as enhancing the contractile response to alpha-agonists in ureter and urethra. Progesterone on the other hand decreases tone in the ureter, bladder and urethra by enhancing beta-adrenergic responses. The dependence on oestrogens of the tissues of the lower urinary tract contributes to increased urinary problems in postmenopausal women. Urinary symptoms due to atrophic mucosal changes respond well to oestrogen replacement therapy. However, because they recur when treatment is stopped, continuous therapy with low dose natural oestrogens is recommended. Oestrogens may be of benefit in postmenopausal women with stress incontinence, but the doses necessary for clinical effect are higher than for the treatment of atrophic urethritis. The practice of adding a progestagen to long term oestrogen therapy to reduce the risk of endometrial carcinoma may, however, exacerbate stress incontinence by decreasing urethral pressure. Cyclical therapy with oestrogens may therefore be more appropriate particularly in women who are not suitable for surgery or have a mild degree of stress incontinence, along with other conservative measures such as pelvic floor exercises and alpha-adrenoceptor agonists. The place of oestrogen therapy in motor urge incontinence has not been determined. The risk of developing endometrial carcinoma as a result of long term high dose oestrogen replacement therapy must be borne in mind but remains to be clarified. However, oestriol has less of a uterotrophic effect compared to other oestrogens in standard therapeutic doses and is to be preferred. Side effects are usually dose related and tend not to be a problem with low dose therapy.
 ...
PMID:Sex hormones and the female urinary tract. 306 38

The ANRL was derived from the renal venous effluent as the kidney exerted its nonexcretory antihypertensive function. This was made possible by three developments: (1) improvement in the extraction of ANRL from fresh renal medulla; (2) the fact that purified ANRL caused an acute vasodepressor effect (acted as a vasodilator); and (3) experience with unclipping the one-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rat. Unclipping after an anastomosis between the ureter and the vena cava caused the MAP to return to normal levels in an average of 20 hr. At an average of 5 hr, when the MAP had dropped an average of 34 mm Hg (from approximately 190), an exchange infusion was started and blood was collected from the renal vein. The plasma was separated, lyophilized, and extracted for total lipids. The lipids were subjected to two TLC procedures and tested for vasodepressor activity. Renal venous effluent, under those conditions, yielded a considerable amount of vasodepressor lipid that was similar to that derived from fresh renal medulla. Controls (normal, nephrectomized, and hypertensive animals) yielded little or no such lipid. Indomethacin did not interfere with the derivation of the vasodepressor lipid. As the MAP was lowered and the ANRL-like lipid appeared in the renal venous blood, the RICs degranulated. The RICs appear to be the source of the antihypertensive lipid.
 ...
PMID:Derivation of antihypertensive neutral renomedullary lipid from renal venous effluent. 679 54

This report describes the clinicopathologic features of a 49-year-old woman who was reoperated on for bulky abdominal metastases 20 years after hysterectomy for endometrial stromal myosis (ESM). The levels of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors measured in the resected tumorous tissue amounted to 48.3 and 71.4 femtomoles (fmol)/mg cytosol protein, respectively. After medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera; Upjohn) treatment of 16 months duration, the unresected pelvic tumor mass compressing the bladder and the left ureter had decreased in volume and hydroureteronephrosis had regressed. The efficacy of the therapy was monitored by computed tomography. Two years and nine months after surgery, the evolution of the tumor seems well-controlled by continuous progestin therapy and the patient is living without symptoms.
 ...
PMID:Endolymphatic stromal myosis. Surgical and hormonal treatment of extensive abdominal recurrence 20 years after hysterectomy. 711 13

Quantitative chemical analysis of 225 urinary calculi (128 Renal, 57 bladder and 40 ureter) collected from hospitals of different districts of Haryana was carried out. CaOxM was found to be present as a major component in all the stones analysed, while MAP, HA, CA and UA were found in 83.7%, 83.6%, 13% and 78.9% cases, respectively. The content of CaOxM was found to be higher in renal stones as compared to ureter and bladder stones, while the concentration of MAP was higher in bladder stones as compared to kidney and ureter stones. HA content was higher in ureter and UA was higher in bladder stones as compared to other urinary stones.
 ...
PMID:Chemical analysis of urinary calculi in Haryana. 977 Aug 60