Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Between October 1989 and June 1991, 1,250 patients with urinary calculi were treated at our institution using the Siemens Lithostar. A total of 17 patients (1.37%) with radiolucent or slightly opaque calculi underwent lithotripsy with the Lithostar Plus, which has an overhead electromagnetic generator module and a localization system composed of a real-time on-line 3.5 mHz. ultrasound transducer. The stones were located in the calices in 52.9% of the cases, renal pelvis in 17.7%, ureter in 23.5% and bladder in 5.9%. Followup consisted of a nephrotomogram or ultrasound 1 day and 1 to 3 months postoperatively. Complete removal of all stone fragments was achieved in 76.4% of the cases after 3 months. Retreatment was necessary in 23.5% of the cases. All treatments were performed without anesthesia and hospitalization. Complications were present in 11.8%; perirenal hematoma was noted in 1 patient but this resolved spontaneously within a few days and the same occurred in 1 patient with renal pain. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy using the Lithostar Plus proved to be an effective noninvasive procedure to treat radiolucent and slightly opaque urinary calculi. However, since the Lithostar Plus has a higher power setting, care must be taken to avoid damage with the use of high energy.
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PMID:Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy of radiolucent urinary calculi using the Siemens Lithostar Plus. 150 46

The sensory innervation of the rat kidney and ureter was investigated in wholemount preparations and sectioned materials by labeling the afferent nerve fibers with wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) transported anterogradely from dorsal root ganglia. Labeled fibers were seen in large numbers in the ureter and in the lining of the renal pelvis, where they were located in the adventitia, smooth muscle, subepithelial connective tissue, and epithelium. Most of the fibers in the ureter and ureteropelvic junctional zone traveled parallel to the long axis of the organ. In contrast, fibers in the widest part of the funnel-shape renal pelvis were oriented predominantly in a circumferential fashion. Many of the pelvic afferents were extremely fine and appeared to terminate as free nerve endings. Modest networks of labeled axons were also observed around branches of the renal artery; the greatest innervation was supplied to the distal portions of the interlobar arteries and to the arcuate arteries. Only single axons were observed around the interlobular arteries, and very few fibers were seen around afferent arterioles or near glomeruli. In contrast to the arteries, branches of the renal vein were relatively sparsely innervated. Occasional labeled fibers entered the renal cortex and formed intimate associations with renal tubules; however, the vast majority of renal tubular elements were not contacted by labeled sensory fibers. Labeled fibers were never observed in the renal medulla or in the papilla. The present study represents the first time that the sensory innervation of the kidney and ureter has been investigated by using a highly specific anterograde nerve tracing technique. The pattern of innervation demonstrated here reveals an anatomical configuration of ureteral and renal pelvic sensory nerves consistent with a role in detection of ureteral and pelvic pressure and chemical changes and a renal vascular sensory innervation that may monitor changes in renal arterial and venous pressure and chemical content. Still other renal afferent nerve endings may signal renal pain.
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PMID:Sensory innervation of the rat kidney and ureter as revealed by the anterograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) from dorsal root ganglia. 172 Jan 46

We have described a 58-year-old man in whom an unusually fibroblastic ureteritis cystica at the ureteropelvic junction caused partial obstruction and ureteral colic. Local resection resulted in relief of renal pain and improved urinary flow through the ureter. Explanations for the unusual nature of the lesion and only partial relief of obstruction after surgical resection are proposed.
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PMID:Ureteritis cystica causing obstruction. 738 61

Initially, when periaqueductal gray (PAG) is electrically stimulated, analgesia is induced, and this phenomenon is called stimulation-produced analgesia. Nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) as well as PAG are known to be the potent analgesic centers. NRM could modulate the nociceptive response of spinal cord neurons through spinally projecting fibers. However, as well as the above analgesic effects have been confined to the somatic pain, it was variable according to species, and the analgesic effect by NRM stimulation on the visceral pain was not yet clarified. In this study the analgesic effect by NRM stimulation on the visceral pain was examined through recording the activities of the dorsal horn neurons with renal input and renal pain, as a type of visceral pain. The renal pain was induced by ureteral occlusion or renal arterial occlusion, which in turn activated the renal mechanoreceptor or chemoreceptor. These cells had concomitant somatic input. In order to compare the effects of NRM stimulation on the renal pain with somatic pain, the somatic stimulation such as squeezing was conducted on the peripheral receptive field. The main results are summarized as follows: 1) After an electrical stimulation of NRM, spontaneous activities of dorsal horn neurons with renal input were reduced to 73.3 +/- 9.7% of the control value. 2) After an electrical stimulation of NRM, activities of dorsal horn neurons with renal input evoked by a brush, a type of non-noxious stimuli, did not change significantly. But the activities by a squeeze, a type of noxious stimuli, the activities were reduced to 63.2 +/- 7.2% of the control value. 3) After an electrical stimulation of NRM, activities of dorsal horn neurons with renal input evoked by occlusion of ureter or renal artery were reduced to 46.7 +/- 8.8% and 49.0 +/- 8.0% of the control value respectively. 4) The inhibitory effect of NRM on the dorsal horn neurons with renal input did not show any difference between renal A delta fiber and C fiber group. 5) By the electrical stimulation of NRM, the activities evoked by ureteral occlusion showed more reduction in the high threshold cell group than in the wide dynamic range cell group. These results suggest that activation of NRM can alleviate the renal pain as well as the somatic pain by modulating the dorsal horn neurons activities.
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PMID:Mechanism of transmission and modulation of renal pain in cats; effect of nucleus raphe magnus stimulation on renal pain. 748 78

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) has widely been employed as a method of obtaining analgesia in medical practice. The mechanisms of pain relief by TENS are known to be associated with the spinal gate control mechanism or descending pain inhibitory system. However, most of the studies concerning the analgesic effects and their mechanisms for TENS have dealt with somatic pain. Thus, in this experiment, we investigated the analgesic effects of TENS on renal pain as a model of visceral pain, and the characteristics of the dorsal horn cells with renal inputs. The renal pain was induced by acute occlusion of the ureter or renal artery. The main results are summarized as follows: 1) The renal nerve was composed of A beta, A delta and C fiber groups; the thresholds for each group were 400-800 mV, 1.1-1.5 V, and 2.1-5.8 V, respectively. 2) The dorsal horn cells tested received A and/or C afferent fibers from the kidney, and the more C inputs the dorsal horn cells had, the greater was the response to the stimuli that elicited the renal pain. 3) 94.9% of cells with renal input had the concomitant somatic receptive fields on the skin; the high threshold (HT) and wide dynamic range (WDR) cells exhibited a greater responses than low threshold (LT) cells to the renal pain-producing stimuli. 4) TENS reduced the C-responses of dorsal horn cells to 38.9 +/- 8.4% of the control value and the effect lasted for 10 min after the cessation of TENS. 5) By TENS, the responses evoked by acute occlusion of the ureter or renal artery were reduced to 37.5 +/- 9.7% and 46.3 +/- 8.9% of the control value, respectively. This analgesic effects lasted 10 min after TENS. 6) The responses elicited by squeezing the receptive fields of the skin were reduced to 40.7 +/- 7.9% of the control value and the effects lasted 15 min after TENS. These results suggest that most of dorsal horn cells with renal inputs have the concomitant somatic inputs and TENS can alleviate the renal pain as well as somatic pain.
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PMID:Mechanism of transmission and modulation of renal pain in cats; effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on renal pain. 761 65

The sites of renal pain processing in the rat spinal cord were studied by mapping the spinal cord neurons expressing c-fos after acute ureteral distension due to obstruction. A new experimental model is presented. A nylon knot was loosely placed around the ureter and the ends of the thread exteriorized through the retroperitoneal wall. Eight days later, when all c-fos expression due to nociceptive input from the abdominal wound and the manipulation of the intestines had disappeared, the nylon ends were pulled to produce ureteral occlusion. C-fos activation occurred at spinal segments T10-L4 with a peak at L1-L2. The activated neurons were concentrated in laminae I, lateral IV-V, medial VII and X. While in lamina I nearly all Fos-immunoreactive cells were ipsilateral, in the deeper laminae taken together 60% cells were ipsilateral and 40% contralateral to the distended ureter. It is suggested that renal nociceptive input giving rise to conscious pain perception is transmitted through ipsilateral lamina I, whereas input triggering autonomic reflexes may be mainly processed, ipsi- and contralaterally, in the deep laminae.
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PMID:Sites of renal pain processing in the rat spinal cord. A c-fos study using a percutaneous method to perform ureteral obstruction. 947 Jan 45

An unusual case of spontaneous intraperitoneal rupture of the ureter was observed in adult with acute renal pain. Diagnosis was best established with CT rather than intravenous urography. CT demonstrated ureteral leakage with the contrast medium extravasating into the peritoneal cavity. The patient was initially managed successfully by endourology. Secondary stenosis of the ureter required surgery for partial resection of the distal ureter.
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PMID:[Spontaneous intraperitoneal rupture of the ureter]. 984 95

Endometriosis of the urinary tract is infrequent. The ureters and kidneys are the least usual place of localization. Endometriosis of the ureter often leads to silent loss of renal function due to delayed diagnosis. We report a case of a premenopausal female with endometriosis of the left distal ureter, presenting an infection of the urinary tract and having reported previous incidents of menorrhagia and left flank renal pain with automatic recession. Pharmacological treatment was applied with a satisfactory outcome. A short review of the literature is presented.
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PMID:Endometriosis of ureter-induced recurrent urinary tract infections in a premenopausal woman--case report. 1744 45

We present a case of complete renal duplex with H-shaped double ureter opening into the bladder with 2 separate orifices. It is an extremely rare variety of renal duplex which was reported only once in the literature. Fifty-four-year-old male presented to our department with right renal pain. Noncontrast CT revealed stone midthird right ureter with duplex right kidney. Retrograde ureteropyelography and ureteroscopy revealed this rare anomaly.
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PMID:A case of complete renal duplex with h-shaped ureter. 2275 6

Nephroliths may obstruct the renal pelvis or ureter, predispose to pyelonephritis, or result in compressive injury of the renal parenchyma leading to progressive chronic kidney disease. Indications for removal of nephroliths in dogs include obstruction, recurrent infection, progressive nephrolith enlargement, presence of clinical signs (renal pain), and patients with nephroliths in a solitary functional kidney. The most common indication for removal of upper tract uroliths in cats is ureteral obstruction caused by ureteroliths. Nonobstructive nephroliths in cats are not usually treated unless they move into the ureter resulting in ureteral obstruction. The treatment approach to nephroliths and ureteroliths is different for dogs versus cats. Surgical removal of nephroliths or ureteroliths by nephrotomy and ureterotomy respectively is associated with potential for complications in more than 30% of cats treated by ureterotomy; therefore, minimally invasive options should also be considered. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) treatment of nephroliths results in small "passable" stone fragments in most dogs, whereas ESWL does not work effectively in cats. Ureteral stents are effective for relief of ureteral obstruction by ureteroliths in both dogs and cats. Ureteral stents may be left in place long-term to relieve ureteral obstruction by ureteroliths. Post-operative morbidity and mortality are substantially lower for ureteral stent placement compared to open surgical ureterotomy in cats.
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PMID:Nephroliths and ureteroliths: a new stone age. 2348 23


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