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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Transplantation is necessary for evaluation of kidney preservation procedures, and a model using a small laboratory animal is desirable. The rabbit was found to be a suitable animal for this purpose. Even long periods of anaesthesia without artificial respiration were safely achieved. Hydration and serum electrolytes could be maintained within normal ranges with intravenous injections of isotonic saline and dextrose during and after the operation. The kidneys were implanted by anastomosing the artery and vein end-to-side to the abdominal aorta and the posterior vena cava respectively. The ureter was implanted into the bladder over a nylon stent. In a recent 100 transplantations the incidence of vascular thrombosis was low (4%), but rather more (10%) mainly late ureteral complications were encountered. Transplanted kidneys showed good function with mean peak serum creatinines of 285 mumol/l and normal macroscopic and histological appearance at autopsy.
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PMID:Renal transplantation in the rabbit: a model for preservation studies. 35 80

Ureteroscopy via the transurethral route and limited to the terminal ureter in women lends itself to inclusion in the urological armamentarium. The technique requires no equipment other than routine urological instruments and makes endoscopic inspection, biopsy and resection within the distal ureter possible. The procedure is done with the patient under anesthesia, following urethral dilation to 32F. With the aid of a small caliber cystoscope, 20F or smaller, straight Jewett sounds can be passed into the urethra alongside the cystoscope and directed under cystoscopic control into the ureteral orifice. The orifice is then dilated gently, using 12, 14 and, if necessary, 16F sounds. One of the standard pediatric cystoscopes can then be introduced easily into the orifice. Currently, the technique is being used routinely in women with transitional cell carcinoma involving the ureteral orifice or intramural ureter. In 1 patient a tumor arising from within the lower ureter was resected successfully using a pediatric resectoscope.
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PMID:Transurethral ureteroscopy in women: a ready addition to the urological armamentarium. 62 8

Patients in whom retrograde catheterization of the ureters has failed can have the Gibbons catheter placed by a new technique that requires no regional or general anesthesia. This technique entails antecedent percutaneous nephrostomy and passage of an angiographic catheter down the ureter. The catheterizing apparatus is attached to the angiographic catheter and then pulled into position.
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PMID:Introduction of the Gibbons ureteral stent facilitated by antecedent percutaneous nephrostomy. 71 93

Under halothane anesthesia, peroperative electromyography of the pelvis and ureter together with intrapelvic pressure and urine flow were recorded in 11 pigs; the electromyography was by bipolar extracellular leads. Pressure waves of low amplitude, synchronous with action potentials from leads placed most proximally in the pelvis, preceded action potentials registered by distally placed leads. Transmission of the action potentials from the pelvis to the ureter took place with a constant transmission velocity but the transmission ratio varied from 1:1 to 6:1. Ureteral electric activity was time-related to the urine bolus. The transmission velocity was smaller in the pelvis than in the ureter and seemed to accelerate caudally. Thus, there is electromyographic evidence that the renal pelvis controls ureteric activity and that this pacemaker function is mediated high up, most proximally, in the renal pelvis.
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PMID:Dynamics of upper urinary tract. I. An electrophysiologic in vivo study of renal pelvis in pigs: method and normal pattern. 87 Apr 45

Renal pelvic function of Danish Landrace pigs under anesthesia was analyzed during "normal" and forced diuresis. Measurements were made of intrapelvic pressures, electromyogram recordings were taken from the pelvis and ureter, and bolus formation was followed. During constant diuresis, pelvic activity displayed a dominant frequency which varied between individuals. When pressure rose or fell, pelvic activity increased or decreased in proportion to the speed rather than the extent of the pressure change. Thus, after furosemide administration urine flow increased and pelvic pressure rose; and in association with the pressure rise, pelvic activity increased significantly when mean pelvic activity in the phase of steep pressure rise was compared with the mean activity over the last 5 min of the observation period before induction of diuresis. Thereafter, pelvic activity decreased despite maintenance of a higher pressure plateau than that in the initial low diuresis observation period. This mode of function can be explained by reference to the characteristics of smooth muscle. Postulation of a specific pacemaker is unnecessary.
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PMID:Dynamics of upper urinary tract. II. An electrophysiologic in vivo study of renal pelvis in pigs: analysis of the modality of pelvic activity during normal hydration and diuresis. 87 Apr 46

Investigations were conducted with the combination of N1-(4,5-dimethyl-2-oxazolyl)-sulfanilamide (sulfamoxole) and 2,4-diamino-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-benzyl)-pyrimidine (trimethoprim) (CN 3123, Nevin, Supristol) in a dose ratio of 5:1, with respect to pharmacological activity and possible side effects. The effects obtained with the combination CN 3123 were compared with those of the single substances. In a dose range comparable to that as used in clinical treatment, there were no effects on cardiovascular or respiratory functions, on functions of autonomic and central nervous system, on contractility of smooth muscles and on data of clinical chemistry such as urine and electrolyte excretion, blood sugar, blood coagulation and liver function tests. Doses which are 5 to 10 times higher than the initial dose or 10 to 20 times higher than the maintenance dose used in man caused an increase of urine and sodium excretion without influencing potassium and chloride output. There were no signs of sedation as alteration of motility or EEG patterns, but in mice and rats there was an increase in both duration and depth of anaesthesia caused by barbiturates or ether. Only in a dose range 30 to 40 times higher than the initial dose for man there were some slight alterations with respect to cardiovascular system and liver function tests. In vitro, with high concentrations of CN 3123 there was a weak, unspecific spasmolytic effect on the isolated ureter and an increase in the refractory period of the guinea pig atrium. There were no hints that the side effects seen with separate administration of high or very high doses of sulfamoxole or trimethoprim were increased or poteniated by their simultaneous administration. Slight side effects in animals were only observed with doses exceeding the tenfold of the doses for therapeutic use in men. Therefore, the therapeutic range of CN 3123 seems to be more than adequate.
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PMID:[Pharmacological investigations with the combination sulfamoxole/trimethoprim, a new broadspectrum chemotherapeutic agent (author's transl)]. 94 23

A preliminary study of the EDAP LT.02 extracorporeal lithotriptor is presented. The apparatus includes a double isocentric detection system (ultrasonographic and radiological), facilitating the in situ treatment of ureteric stones. Seventy patients with a total of 89 urinary stones were treated by primary extracorporeal lithotripsy (ECL) with no preliminary selection. 69 stones (77.5%) were located in the kidney and 20 stones (22.5%) were situated in the ureter. Anaesthesia was only required in 2 cases. The patients received an average of 1.2 lithotripsy sessions. Out of the 70 patients treated, there were 46 (66%) complete successes, 12 (17%) partial successes and 12 (17%) failures [corrected].
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PMID:[First clinical experience with extracorporeal lithotriptor EDAP LT.02]. 130 96

This experiment involved 12 rabbits of both sexes, weighing 2.1 kg. After anesthesia, the kidneys were exposed, isolated and cannulated in the renal artery, ureter and sometimes in the vein as well. The kidney were perfused through the renal artery with Krebs-Henseleit solution, which were then filtered to be free of particles, gased with 95% O2-5% CO2, and kept at 37 degrees C. We measured RBCs concentrations by means of Coulter Counter in the venous outflow collected, and plotted them against the volume perfused. Using 2 different flow rates, 9 ml/min (group I) and 19 ml/min (group II), we found that the RBCs decreased in a multiexponential decay fashion and a biophysical model for each flow rate was constructed. These models indicated that there were more cell stores (2.20 x 10(10)) in the fast compartment of group II than in group I (1.72 x 10(10)). This difference is not statistically significant, but certainly coincides with urine flow collected from ureter cannula during perfusion. Our present data clearly suggest that in order to clear 99% blood cells out of 10-12 gm rabbit kidneys, at least 3-6 ml of cell free perfusate is required while clearing the whole blood cells out of human kidneys (200-240 gm) may need 600 ml or more. Thus, we recommend that at least 600 ml of perfusate should be used to clear most of the blood cells in the renal vasculature before renal transplantation is performed.
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PMID:Compartmental analysis of RBC circulation through the rabbit kidney. 130 9

Two hundred and twenty patients with a ureteric calculus were treated by in situ ESWL; in 60 of these the stone was located in the mid-ureter. Treatment was given without anesthesia or with sedoanalgesia only. Complete or partial stone clearance at the time of discharge from hospital was achieved in 95% irrespective of the site of the stone and there were no complications. It is suggested that in situ ESWL is effective in the treatment of stones in mid ureter as well as those in upper and lower ureter.
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PMID:ESWL of stones in the mid-ureter. 146 96

Between October 1989 and June 1991, 1,250 patients with urinary calculi were treated at our institution using the Siemens Lithostar. A total of 17 patients (1.37%) with radiolucent or slightly opaque calculi underwent lithotripsy with the Lithostar Plus, which has an overhead electromagnetic generator module and a localization system composed of a real-time on-line 3.5 mHz. ultrasound transducer. The stones were located in the calices in 52.9% of the cases, renal pelvis in 17.7%, ureter in 23.5% and bladder in 5.9%. Followup consisted of a nephrotomogram or ultrasound 1 day and 1 to 3 months postoperatively. Complete removal of all stone fragments was achieved in 76.4% of the cases after 3 months. Retreatment was necessary in 23.5% of the cases. All treatments were performed without anesthesia and hospitalization. Complications were present in 11.8%; perirenal hematoma was noted in 1 patient but this resolved spontaneously within a few days and the same occurred in 1 patient with renal pain. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy using the Lithostar Plus proved to be an effective noninvasive procedure to treat radiolucent and slightly opaque urinary calculi. However, since the Lithostar Plus has a higher power setting, care must be taken to avoid damage with the use of high energy.
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PMID:Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy of radiolucent urinary calculi using the Siemens Lithostar Plus. 150 46


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