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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The relaxing property of the K(+) channel opener and nitric oxide donor nicorandil and the new K(+) channel opener PKF 217-744b was investigated on isolated human ureteral tissue in vitro and in intact ureters of anesthetized pigs in vivo. In addition, nicorandil and its antagonists, glibenclamide and methylene blue, were tested on isolated pig ureter tissue in vitro. Nicorandil decreased the frequency of spontaneous contractions in isolated pig ureter rings. This effect was antagonized by glibenclamide and methylene blue suggesting that the nicorandil induced relaxation of the ureter is mediated by activation of ATP-sensitive K(+) channels and involvement of soluble guanylate cyclase. Moreover, nicorandil and PKF 217-744b reduced the amplitude of electrically induced contractions in isolated human ureter rings. Calculations of EC(50) values showed that PKF 217-744b [EC(50) = 4.83 x 10(-8) M] was more potent than nicorandil [EC(50) = 4.38 x 10(-5) M]. Both drugs reduced the contraction frequency of the pig ureter after intravenous and topical administration in vivo. Intravenous, but not topical, administration of nicorandil and PKF 217-744b significantly decreased arterial blood pressure but did not affect the heart rate. The in vitro findings suggest that K(+) channel opening and nitric oxide release mediate the effect of nicorandil. Our in vivo results indicate that PKF 217-744b and nicorandil are promising drugs for clinical application in patients with acute stone colic to relieve obstruction and facilitate stone passage or to relax the ureter before ureteroscopy.
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PMID:Inhibition of human and pig ureter motility in vitro and in vivo by the K(+) channel openers PKF 217-744b and nicorandil. 1213 Jul 28

The presence of ureter within an inguinal hernia is an uncommon occurrence. We report on the presentation of a patient with ureteral colic and subsequent discovery of a herniated ueter in the inguinal canal. Surgeons must be aware of this condition in order to carefully preserve ureteral integrity and avoid complications during hernia repair.
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PMID:Presentation of ureteral colic in a patient with a ureteroinguinal hernia. 1273 25

The aim of this work was to report some case histories on the usefulness of spiral TC, used for several years both to diagnose renal colic and urinary lithiasis and to study radio lucent stones that are often difficult to be detected with traditional radiology. 13 patients, aged between 31 and 76 (average age: 54.2), were therefore examined. Eight of them had a ureteral colic when examined, while five patients had shown symptoms some days before being hospitalised in our ward. In all cases, ultrasonography showed a significant hydronephrosis, while direct radiography of the urinary tract could not detect any images that could be associated with radio-opaque lithiasis. All patients therefore underwent an abdominal spiral TC with no contrast medium within 24 hours after hospitalisation. The confrontation between the results obtained by ultrasonography and those obtained by spiral TC, showed the usefulness of the former method to detect stones located in the proximal ureter or in its intramural tract, while the latter could detect the lithiasis of the proximal ureter in 3 cases (23%), of the mid ureter in 2 cases (15.3%), and of the distal ureter in 8 cases (61%). The stones had, approximately, a 5 mm diameter in 5 cases. In 6 cases the diameter was between 6 and 10 mm, and more than 1 cm in 2 cases. Both methods proved to be equally accurate in the assessment of the hydronephrosis degree and of the thickness of the renal parenchyma. The therapy was medical in 2 cases and open surgery in 3 cases, while 8 patients were treated with ureterolitholapaxy with a ballistic searcher. The usefulness of TC in the study of urolithiasis nowadays is supported by a large literature which clearly supplies with documentary evidence the high sensitivity and specificity of such a method in diagnosing the presence of urolithiasis in general and above all of ureteric stones. Such a method not only makes an accurate evaluation of the stones location possible, but it can also assess the calculi dimensions and the indirect signs of the functionality of the kidney affected, without having to use the contrast medium. This method needs very limited execution times and allows a diagnostic of possible collateral pathologies. The main disadvantage of spiral TC, if compared to conventional radiology, is that the patient is exposed to a larger quantity of ionizing radiations, although such an inconvenience will be overcome by the new and more technologically advanced machines. According to our experience, though based on a limited number of cases, spiral TC allowed us to get a quick diagnosis of radio-lucent lithiasis, to see the seat and dimensions of the calculi and finally to chose the most effective treatment. We can therefore think of a diagnostic protocol, for ureteral colics with hydronephrosis or complicated by hyperpyrexia or sepsis, with spiral TC in order to have a quick diagnosis and start the most effective therapy in case an ultrasonographic research should not result diriment.
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PMID:[The meaning and usefulness of spiral CT for radiolucent ureteric stones diagnosis: our experience]. 1274 46

Since, in the human ureter, both beta(2)- and beta(3)-adrenoceptors mediate adrenergic-stimulation-induced relaxation, selective beta(2)-/beta(3)-adrenoceptor agonists might prove clinically useful for relieving ureteral colic and promoting stone passage. We evaluated the beta-adrenoceptor subtype selectivity and ureteral-relaxing efficacy of (-)-2-[4-(2-[[(1S,2R)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylethyl]amin] ethyl)phenyloxy]acetic acid (KUL-7211), a new beta-adrenoceptor agonist, in vitro. In rat isolated organs, its selectivities, for inhibition of spontaneous uterine contraction (mediated via beta(2)-adrenergic stimulation) and inhibition of colonic contraction (via beta(3)-adrenergic stimulation) versus increase in atrial rate (via beta(1)-adrenergic stimulation), were 56.3 and 242.2, respectively. KUL-7211 relaxed 80-mM-KCl-induced tonic contractions in both rabbit (pD(2) value: 5.86 +/- 0.13, whose ureteral relaxation is mediated via beta(2)-adrenergic stimulation) and canine (pD(2) value: 6.52 +/- 0.16, via beta(3)-adrenergic stimulation) isolated ureters in a concentration-dependent manner. These KUL-7211-induced relaxing effects were antagonized by ICI-118,551 (selective beta(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist, pK(B) value: 8.91 +/- 0.24) in the rabbit ureter and by bupranolol (non-selective beta-adernoceptor antagonist, pK(B) value: 6.85 +/- 0.12) in the canine ureter. KUL-7211 also reduced the spontaneous rhythmic contraction in a canine ureteral spiral preparation in a concentration-dependent manner, the pD(2) value being 6.83 +/- 0.20. These data clearly demonstrate that KUL-7211 selectively stimulates both ureteral beta(2)- and beta(3)-adrenoceptors and potently relaxes ureteral smooth muscle. KUL-7211 may be a novel and useful medication for relieving ureteral colic and promoting stone passage in urolithiasis patients.
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PMID:Pharmacological profile of KUL-7211, a selective beta-adrenoceptor agonist, in isolated ureteral smooth muscle. 1293 26

It has recently been demonstrated that specific adrenoceptors subtypes (alpha(1A)/alpha(1D)) are prevalent in the distal part of the ureter, a finding supporting the interesting results obtained by different groups with the use of tamsulosin in the treatment of distal ureteral calculi. We performed a prospective randomized study to evaluate the effects of the addition of tamsulosin on our standard pharmacological therapy for the treatment of selected ureteral stones. A total of 64 patients referred to our department for the management of symptomatic ureteral calculi were considered. Patients were randomly divided into two treatment groups: group A (n=32) who received diclofenac (100 mg/daily) plus aescin (80 mg/daily) and group B (n=32) who received the same therapy plus tamsulosin (0.4 mg/daily) for a maximum of 2 weeks. No significant differences were found between the groups for age, gender distribution and mean stone size measured in the single largest dimension at presentation. The stone expulsion rate was 60% (19/32 patients) for group A and 88% for (28/32) for group B with a mean expulsion time of 7.4+/-2.2 (range 3.5-12) and 4.8+/-2.7 days (range 1.8-10.5), respectively. Group B showed a significant advantage in terms of both expulsion rate (P=0.01) and expulsion time (P=0.005). Different analgesics from those used in the standard treatment regimen were required in ten patients in group A (31%) but only three patients in group B (9%). This difference was significant (P=0.003). Hospitalization for recurrent colic was needed in 21% of patients in group A (7/32) and in 9% in group B (3/32) (P=0.01). Only two patients in each group (6%) experienced minor side effects associated with the expulsive therapy. Our data confirm the efficacy of tamsulosin in the treatment of distal ureteral stones up to 1 cm. This selective alpha-blocker should therefore be included in the pharmacological regimen of patients when a conservative approach is considered in the treatment of ureteral lithiasis.
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PMID:The use of tamsulosin in the medical treatment of ureteral calculi: where do we stand? 1631 34

The most greater part of the tumors ureteralis are of malignant nature, they are verified especially in the elderly patient and they have a preference for the distal third of the ureter. Of the tumors benign ureteral, the emangioma is a very rare vascular neoplasm. The symptoms aspecificis of presentation are: hematuria, colic type pains, hydronephrosis and bladder inflammation. Thanks to the refinement of the radiological techniques (Urography, CTscan and eventually the ascending pyelography) and also to the simultaneous aid of the anatomopathologist, it is possible to obtain an accurate description of this pathology in a precocious stage in order to carry out a conservative approach. The peculiarity of the clinical case from us described depends on the fact that it deals with an occasional find, reaches our observation for appearance of severe hydronephrosis caused by ureteral stones, resolved him with methodic endoscopic.
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PMID:Ureteral hemangioma: a clinical case report. 1635 May 57

Rupture of the ureter is an infrequent event that can have serious consequences. The most frequent cause is surgical iatrogenic ureter disease. Other possible causes are urological procedures and urographic studies. In our patient, which, to our knowledge, is the first to be reported in the literature, the ureteral rupture was produced by a traumatic urinary catheterism, because the balloon was filled inside the ureter. The normal presentation is nephritic colic, although acute abdomen is also a possibility. The possibility of ureteral rupture in abdominopelvic surgery or in urological techniques should be evaluated when patients present these clinical symptoms. Treatment is surgical, although in some cases conservative measures can be used.
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PMID:[Exceptional iatrogenic ureteral rupture]. 1642 Aug 7

We previously reported a case of bilateral ureteral stenosis accompanied by systemic lupus erythematosus, which was successfully managed by total ureteral reconstruction using a segment of the ileum. Herein, we describe an unusual complication in the same patient, which we experienced 5 years after the ileal-ureteral substitution. Left-sided back pain repeated together with transient obstruction of the ileal ureter interposed between the right and left renal pelvis. Consequently, exploratory laparotomy revealed that left colic vessels oppressed and caused obstruction, and the obstructed ileal ureter was released by reconstitution of these vessels instead of re-anastomosis of the ileal ureter. Left hydronephrosis and related back pain disappeared postoperatively. The number of patients with an indication of ileal-ureteral substitution is increasing for various disorders, and thus, the present report gives additional suggestions for the follow up of patients with ileal ureter.
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PMID:Obstruction of the ileal ureter by mesenteric vessels occurring 5 years after total ureteral substitution for bilateral ureteral stenosis due to systemic lupus erythematosus. 1644 39

Acute ureteral obstruction is always associated with high intrapelvic hydrostatic pressure. Objective diagnosis of renal colic can be made by direct measurement of intrapelvic pressure (IPP). We propose a very simple device for estimation of IPP consisting of ureteral catheter and polyethylene tube 150 cm long. The device gives intrapelvic pressure in centimeters of urinary column. The figures obtained corresponded to those in measurement of IPP in cm of water column. In normal 187 examinees IPP ranged from 0.5 to 14.2 cm urinary column. Mean normal IPP in females was higher than in males. In 187 patients with renal colic IPP varied from 55 to 150 cm of urinary column. Mean IPP at the height of renal colic was in females and males 97.4 +/- 3.0 and 89.8 +/- 2.5 cm of urinary column, respectively. Thus, IPP in health and renal colic is higher in females than in males. In bilateral renal colic and colic in solitary kidney catheterization of the ureter is mandatory because of anuria. Ureteral catheterization is also indicated in cases of renal colic combination with attack of acute pyelonephritis. If ureteral catheterization is indicated, IPP pressure should be measured. This is important for diagnosis of both acute ureteral obstruction and pathogenesis of anuria.
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PMID:[Acute ureteral obstruction (renal colic)]. 1685 97

Renal (ureteric) colic is a common surgical emergency. It is usually caused by calculi obstructing the ureter, but about 15% of patients have other causes, e.g. extrinsic compression, intramural neoplasia or an anatomical abnormality. This review will focus on calculus-related renal or ureteric colic, its assessment and subsequent management.
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PMID:Diagnosis and management of renal (ureteric) colic. 1701 8


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