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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Introduction of robotic surgery in the first decade of the 21 century was one of the biggest breakthroughs in surgery since the introduction of anesthesia. For the first time in history the surgeon was placed remotely from the patient and was able to operate with the device that has more degrees of freedom than human hand. Initially developed for the US Military in order to allow surgeons to be removed from the battlefield, surgical robots quickly made a leap to the mainstream medicine. One of the first surgical uses for the robot was cardiac surgery but it is urology and prostate surgery that gave it a widespread popularity Gynecologic surgeons caught on very quickly and it is estimated that 31% of hysterectomies done in the United States in 2012 will be done robotically. With over half a million hysterectomies done each year in the US alone, gynecologic surgery is one of the main driving forces behind the growth of robotic surgery Other applications in gynecology include myomectomy oophorectomy and ovarian cystectomy resection of endometriosis and lymphadenectomy Advantages of the surgical robot are clearly seen in myomectomy The wrist motion allows for better more precise suturing than conventional "straight stick" laparoscopy The strength of the arms allow for better pulling of the suture and the third arm for holding the suture on tension. Other advantage of the robot is scaling of the movements when big movement on the outside translates to very fine movement on the inside. This enables much more precise surgery and may be important in the procedures like tubal anastomosis and implantation of the ureter Three-dimensional vision provides excellent depth of field perception. It is important for surgeons who are switching from open surgeries and preliminary evidence shows that it may allow for better identification of lesions like endometriosis. Another big advantage of robotics is that the surgeon sits comfortably with his/her arms and head supported. This results in much less fatigue and therefore increases precision and potentially may decrease the number of medical errors. The eyes of the surgeon are directed at where the hands should be, which is more natural, allows for a more natural body position and mimics open surgery Robot also enables better teaching, especially when two consoles are used. The surgeon and the student may be either sharing the instruments with two consoles or switching between one another. In a situation where the student operates, the surgeon can use the telestation to teach. Robotic simulator attached to one of the consoles allows students to practice after hours. In summary surgical robot is a great tool, especially in gynecology but also in urology cardiac surgery general surgery and laryngology The device will evolve and most likely with time will eliminate laparoscopy
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PMID:[Robotic surgery in gynecology]. 2348 97

A 78-year-old man had fatigue and appetite loss for 5 months. He had been receiving low-dose methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis. Computed tomography revealed multiple pulmonary infiltrations and muddiness of the fatty tissue surrounding the right kidney, ureter wall thickening, and hydroureter/nephrosis, which were suspected retroperitoneal fibrosis. Lung biopsy revealed polymorphic/lymphoplasmacytic lymphoproliferative disorder. Methotrexate withdrawal resulted in spontaneous regression. Therefore, retroperitoneal lesion may account for the diagnosis as having retroperitoneal lymphoproliferative disorder, not retroperitoneal fibrosis.
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PMID:Pulmonary and retroperitoneal lesions induced by methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorder in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. 2468 9

Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus. Deposits are commonly distributed on the ovaries, uterosacral ligaments, pouch of Douglas, rectum and sigmoid colon, bladder and ureter. Endometriosis is common, affecting 10% of the female adult population and up to 50% of women with infertility. Risk factors include early menarche, late menopause, delayed childbearing, vaginal outflow obstruction and a first-degree relative affected. Women commonly present to their GP with pelvic pain, painful intercourse or subfertility. Classically the pain starts several days before the period which is extremely painful. After the period, symptoms tend to improve until mid-cycle when the pattern repeats again. Patients also complain of fatigue. Abdominal palpation, bimanual and speculum examination are important to identify signs of endometriosis, but also to exclude alternative diagnoses such as fibroid uterus, infection or pregnancy. However, a normal examination does not exclude a diagnosis of endometriosis. Serum CA125 can be raised in endometriosis but is not specific or sensitive for the condition and is therefore not recommended as a screening test. A normal pelvic ultrasound scan does not exclude a diagnosis of endometriosis. The gold standard investigation for endometriosis is laparoscopy and biopsy with histological confirmation. Referral should be considered if pain is not controlled with simple analgesia or the diagnosis is suspected in a woman who is actively trying to conceive. Early referral should be considered in women with abnormal examination findings, or an abnormal ultrasound result.
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PMID:GPs have key role in early diagnosis of endometriosis. 2606 68

Nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection is increasing across the world. Although the most common clinical manifestation of NTM disease is lung disease, a rare form of disseminated NTM disease has also been documented. Disseminated NTM usually develops in severely immunocompromised individuals, especially those with advanced AIDS. This manifestation is rare in non-HIV-infected hosts and is associated with immunosuppressed conditions. However, recent reports have suggested that disseminated NTM disease in immunocompetent patients without HIV infection has been increasing. Dissemination may involve any organ system, but a case in the female genital tract has never been reported. We report a case in a 67-yr-old previously healthy woman who presented with a disseminated NTM infection in the uterine cervix. The primary presentation was general fatigue and body weight loss. The patient also presented with a mass formation that mimicked cervical cancer on magnetic resonance imaging. In addition to the cervical mass, the patient presented with a mass formation in the omentum; wall thickening of the vagina, bladder, and ureter; and retention of pleural/peritoneal fluid. Vaginal cytology was negative. A diagnosis was made only after detecting acid-fast bacilli in a biopsy specimen of cervical mass, which was conducted under suspicion of cervical malignancy. Then, Mycobacterium avium was confirmed in a polymerase chain reaction test of cervical tissue. After administration of antimycobacterial therapy, the mass and other findings on magnetic resonance imaging disappeared. Infection in multiple organs leads to the diagnosis of disseminated NTM. This case indicates that, for prompt and accurate diagnosis, efforts to detect specific lesions by an imaging study and to confirm diagnosis pathologically are equally important, especially when local cytology is not convincing. The clinical course of this case may serve as a useful reference in the diagnosis and treatment of NTM.
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PMID:Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection in the Uterine Cervix Mimics Invasive Cervical Cancer in Immunocompetent Woman. 2653 86


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