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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cigarette smoking habits of a cohort of almost 250,000 U. S. veterans were analyzed for their relationship to renal cancer. Information on smoking habits was collected in 1954 and in 1957 for nonrespondents to the first effort. Of the veterans, 84 percent returned their questionnaires. The cohort was followed for mortality until 1980, or 26 years. The followup of these military veterans, mostly of World War I, revealed 719 deaths from renal cancer, making this the largest study of renal cancer and cigarette smoking to date. Current smokers had a 47 percent increase in risk relative to nonsmokers. The relative risk for renal cancer increased significantly with the number of cigarettes smoked per day, from 1.31 for 1-9, 1.37 for 10-20, 1.60 for 21-39, and 2.06 for 40 or more. This analysis was unable to separate the risks of cigarette smoking for tumors of the renal parenchyma from those for tumors of the renal pelvis and ureter. However, the results suggest that almost one-fifth of all renal cancer deaths are attributable to cigarette smoking.
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PMID:Renal cancer and cigarette smoking in a 26-year followup of U.S. veterans. 212 Jul 35

Results from a population-based case-control study of cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter are reported. Telephone interviews were conducted with 187 residents of Los Angeles County diagnosed with cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter over a 4-year period ending December 31, 1982, and with individually sex-, age- and race-matched neighborhood controls. The major risk factor identified for cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter was cigarette smoking. Subjects who smoked more than 25 years had a relative risk of 4.5 of developing these tumors, compared to nonsmokers (P less than 0.0001). Heavy use of over-the-counter analgesics was also associated with a significant increase in risk; it appears that an elevated risk was conveyed by all the major active constituents of those compounds currently marketed in the United States, aspirin, caffeine, and acetaminophen. Persons who had used these drugs for 30 consecutive days at any time in their life preceding diagnosis had twice the risk of developing cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter compared to persons not reporting such use (P less than 0.01). Heavy coffee drinkers (greater than or equal to 7 cups/day) had a 1.8-fold increase in risk compared to nondrinkers. Although risk tended to increase with increasing consumption, this result was not statistically significant. The risk associated with heavy coffee consumption was reduced to 1.3 after adjusting for smoking. Nine cases compared to no controls reported a first degree relative with kidney cancer. A history of kidney stones was associated with an increased risk of cancer of the ureter (relative risk = 2.5) that was not, however, statistically significant.
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PMID:Analgesics, cigarette smoking, and other risk factors for cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter. 291 49

The authors report on one case of urinary schistosomiasis monitored for 22 years. It illustrated the problems posed by the "bilharzial uretero-hydronephrosis". They analyse the different therapy problems which have to have been successively solved: Low double ureteral stenosis. The difficulty to be certain of such a stenosis is recalled. The possibility of a reflux or an ureteral atony must be eliminated. True stenosis must be operated without delay; Kidney cancer revealed 20 years later through chronic renal failure by vesico-ureteric reflux caused by the first surgical intervention (latero-lateral vesico-ureteric anastomosis); Iatrogenic vesico-ureteral reflux, treated by uretero-vesical implantation on "psoic" bladder with anti-reflux submucous path. The future of such a chronic renal failure is linked to the capability of the remaining ureter to ensure an acceptable passage of urine, and to the rehabilitation possibility of the kidney. Finally, the authors recalled the difficult therapeutic indications in case of ureteral attack due to bilharziosis.
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PMID:[A case of ureteral bilharziasis followed for 22 years]. 310 14

Although Wilms tumor has been a favored subject for cytogenetic investigation, little is known about chromosomes in adult urinary tract cancers. For this reason, we excluded Wilms' tumor and studied a series of 32 adult urinary tract tumors. Nineteen tumors had detectable autosomal abnormalities. Each of ten renal tumors (consisting of eight renal cell and two transitional cell carcinomas) had three or more chromosome abnormalities. Two candidates for primary chromosome changes in renal cancer are rearrangement of 3p14 and an unbalanced translocation with breakpoints of 5q13 and 14q22. Trisomy 20 is a frequent secondary change. Other nonrandom changes in renal cancer are rearrangements of 1q and +7, -8, -9, -14, -15, +16, and deletions of 17p. Eight bladder and a ureter tumor were all transitional cell carcinomas. Two bladder and the ureter tumor had only one detectable abnormality: deletions of 10q24 and 21q22 and +7, respectively. Other nonrandom bladder changes were -9, +13, +15, and +20. From a cytogenetic standpoint, adult urinary tract tumors appear to be chromosomally complex but critical consistencies are emerging.
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PMID:Chromosomes in kidney, ureter, and bladder cancer. 374 84

The risk of second primary cancer was evaluated in 29,128 patients who developed tumors of the urinary tract, including benign and malignant tumors of the renal pelvis and ureter and bladder papillomas in Denmark between 1943 and 1980. Among 9,162 persons with kidney cancer, 416 developed a second primary tumor [relative risk (RR) = 1.4]. Among 19,966 persons with bladder cancer, 1,423 developed a second primary tumor against 1,239 expected (RR = 1.1). The risk of bladder cancer was increased following kidney cancer in both men (RR = 6.3) and women (RR = 10.1), and kidney cancer was increased in both men (RR = 2.9) and women (RR = 4.5) following bladder cancer. These risks were particularly pronounced for cancers occurring in the ureter and renal pelvis. Etiologic similarities are likely explanations for these observations, which also emphasize the role of host factors and the multifocal nature of urothelial tumors. A decrease in relative risks since diagnosis of the first primary cancer was seen that may partly be attributed to a lessening of the intensity of medical surveillance with time. Among long-term survivors with kidney cancer, increased risks were observed for colon and pancreatic cancers, which may be related to treatment; approximately 25% received radiotherapy. Among bladder cancer patients, increased risks of cancers of the lung and larynx occurred, probably due to tobacco smoking. A slight elevation of prostate cancer (RR = 1.3) may be attributable to medical surveillance. Unexpected findings were the significant deficits of cancers of the stomach and rectum among patients with bladder cancer and stomach cancer among those with kidney cancer.
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PMID:Second cancer following cancer of the urinary system in Denmark, 1943-80. 408 9

A case of asynchronous triple cancer in an 88-year-old male is reported. Six years ago, he had received left radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma, and 2 years ago partial hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma detected by follow-up computed tomography (CT). During the post-operative follow-up, no metastasis of either the renal or hepatic carcinoma was detected. On February 12, 1997 he presented with macroscopic hematuria. Cystoscopy revealed a tumor emerging from the left ureteral orifice, while CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a tumor mass in the left exterior of bladder. Diagnosis of residual ureter tumor, we performed both left ureterectomy and partial cystectomy. Histological diagnosis revealed transitional cell carcinoma of the residual ureter (G2 > G3, pT1, pV0, pL0, pR0). Convalescence was uneventful and 10 months after the operation, he is alive with no recurrence or metastasis. We stress the importance of careful follow-up not only to perceive the recurrence or metastasis of renal cancer but also to detect cancer in other parts of the body.
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PMID:[A case of asynchronous renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and residual ureteral cancer]. 978 95

We analyzed the chief complaints of patients with four major urogenital malignancies (renal cancer, renal pelvis and ureter cancer, bladder cancer and prostatic cancer) over the past decade (1990-1999) at the Jikei University Hospital. Over the last 10 years, a high percentage of renal cancers were detected incidentally. By contrast, prostatic cancers were more likely (10.5%) than other cancers to be detected on the basis of symptoms of metastasis. However, since 1995 more prostatic cancers are being detected with prostatic-specific antigen screening at the health checkups. Gross hematuria is the chief complaint of most patients with uroepithelial cancers (cancers of the renal pelvis, ureter and bladder cancer). Additionally, renal pelvis and ureter cancers were diagnosed with screening in a few patients in the past five years.
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PMID:[Retrospective analysis of chief complaints of patients with urogenital malignancies over the past decade at the Jikei University Hospital]. 1269 84

Invasive urinary tumors are relatively rare and their treatment may cause important changes in urinary, sexual, and social functions. A systematic review of external radiation therapy studies in urinary cancers has been carried out. This synthesis of the literature is based on data from meta-analysis, randomized and prospective trials, and retrospective studies. There are few controlled clinical trials using adjuvant or radical radiotherapy +/- chemotherapy in kidney, ureter, and urethra cancers; there are several reports of muscle-invasive bladder cancer using multimodality treatment: intravesical surgery and neo-adjuvant chemotherapy to radiotherapy or concomitant radiochemotherapy with organ preservation. The conclusions reached for renal cancer are controversial; urethra and ureter cancers data are few and inconclusive; sufficient data now exist in literature to demonstrate that conservative management with organ preservation, for muscle-invasive bladder cancer, is a valid alternative to radical cystectomy, viewed as the gold standard.
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PMID:Role of external radiation therapy in urinary cancers. 1759 12

In Europe, renal cancer (that is neoplasia of the kidney, renal pelvis or ureter (ICD-9 189 and ICD-10 C64-C66)) ranks as the seventh most common malignancy in men amongst whom there are 29,600 new cases each year (3.5% of all cancers). Tobacco, obesity and a diet poor in vegetables are all acknowledged risk factors, along with specific occupational and environmental factors. A familial history of renal carcinoma is also likely to increase the risk. Renal carcinoma may remain clinically occult for most of its course. The classic presentation of pain, haematuria, and flank mass occurs in only 9% of patients and is often indicative of advanced disease. Approximately 30% of patients with renal carcinoma present with metastatic disease, 25% with locally advanced renal carcinoma and 45% with localized disease. Metastases are typically found in the lung, soft tissue, bone, liver, cutaneous sites, and central nervous system. The most important staging technique is a computed tomography (CT) scan of the whole abdomen. Survival rates are more favourable for patients with tumours confined to the kidney. Five-year survival for patients with metastatic renal carcinoma is comprised between 0 and 20%. Radical nephrectomy is the standard intervention for renal cancer. Intrinsic resistance to chemotherapy has long been a hallmark of renal carcinoma. Limited options are available for the systemic therapy, and no chemotherapeutic regimen is accepted as a standard of care. Biologic agents represent the major effective therapies for widespread metastatic renal cancer. An antiangiogenic strategy, the neutralization of VEGF, can slow the growth rate of advanced cancer.
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PMID:Renal cancer. 1766 11

The family histories of 130 individuals with documented hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) (caused by mutations in mismatch-repair (MMR) genes MSH2 (n = 64), MLH1 (n = 62) or MSH6 (n = 4)) were obtained, and incidence of cancers in those families was compared to that in the general population. There were a total of 982 cancers in 723 individuals. Colorectal cancer (CRC) was the commonest type (64% and 55% in individuals from families with germline MLH1 and MSH2 mutations respectively). Median age at diagnosis of first CRC in MSH6 mutation families was 59 years compared to 45 years in both MLH1 and MSH2 mutation families. The relative risk (RR) of endometrial cancer was 55 in MSH2 mutation families, compared with 27 in MLH1 mutation families, and 37 in MSH6 mutation families; median age at diagnosis 49 years. Even within MSH2 families, endometrial cancer tended to cluster, with 28 of the 58 cases coming from families with three or more cases (P < 0.001). Absolute risk of endometrial cancer in MLH1 families was still greater than any other cancer (other than CRC). 5% of cancers in both MLH1 and MSH2 mutation families were gastric (RR = 12); 53% of these were diagnosed before 50 years. Seven cases of small intestinal cancer occurred in MSH2 and MLH1 mutation families (RR = 26). There were 13 cases of cancer of the ureter; all were in MSH2 families. These cancers tended to cluster within families (P < 0.001); three of seven families with urothelial cancer had such cases in two or more individuals; two others had kidney cancer. Nineteen of 27 ovarian cancers (70%) were in MSH2 mutation families and 70% of these were diagnosed before age 50 years. There were 9 cases of sebaceous skin cancer, 3 in two MLH1 and 6 in four MSH2 mutation families. Of 22 pancreatic cancers, 14 were known to be diagnosed before 60 years. Breast cancer RR was 1.7 overall. The type of mutation (truncating or other type, and site of mutation) showed no obvious correlation with the presence or absence of extra-colonic cancers in families.
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PMID:Gene-related cancer spectrum in families with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). 1793 62


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