Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

While studying the innervation sources of the deferent duct in 10 dogs, 2-3 nerves have been revealed that take their origin at the pelvic neural plexus and approach the duct together with the blood vessels at the pelvic neural plexus and approach the duct together with the blood vessels at the place where it crosses the ureter ("the vascular-neural hilus"). In the experiment performed in 65 dogs the nature of these sources has been revealed. The motor innervation is presented by the nodes of the celiac plexus, of the lumbar and sacral parts of the sympathetic trunk, of the subceliac, gonadal and splanchic pelvic nerves, and the sensitive innervation is multisegmental and is performed by the intravertebral nodes L2-S3. Quantitative investigation of the degenerated neural fibers in the dog deferent duct wall demonstrates that the innervation sources mentioned above participate te a various degree along the course of the organ. In the "hilus" the nerves of the dog deferent duct are divided into the proximal nad distal groups. The proximal group runs towards the prostate and forms a plexus with large loops connected with the neural plexuses of the urinary bladder, the ureter and the prostate. It has small neural nodes. The distally directed nerves run, together with the blood vessels, in the deferent duct towards the epididymis. In the deferent duct wall, adventitila, muscular and mucous neural plexus are found, the cholinergic component prevailing the adrenergic one. The plexuses are somewhat better developed at the beginning of the deferent duct and they are especially pronounced in the ampule. The receptors of the organ's wall are simple, poorly branching.
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PMID:[Neural apparatus of the wall of the ductus deferens in the dog]. 687 May 47

We report 2 rare cases of single ectopic ureter simulating double vas deferens. Clinical, radiographic and macroscopic signs at operation indicated a single ectopic ureter opening into the seminal tract. However, histological examination of the surgical specimen revealed that the lumen of the supposed ureter was lined in part by columnar epithelium, although chiefly by transitional epithelium. The wall of the ureter contained 3 well defined muscular coats in case 1 but only 1 layer was distinguishable in case 2. Histological composition of the structure removed from the cranial site resembled that of the epididymis. A review of the literature revealed a few comparable cases. Analysis of these cases suggests that double vas deferens and a single ectopic ureteral opening into the seminal tract are such that their differentiation may only have semantic significance. We speculate that these 2 diseases are included as 1 entity, only to be distinguished by the difference of ureterization of the ureteral bud.
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PMID:Two cases of ectopic ureter opening into the ejaculatory duct: double vas deferens revisited. 688 75

The male ACI rat has a congenital Wolffian duct defect manifested by unilateral agenesis of the kidney, ureter, seminal vesicle, ductus deferens, and most of the epididymis. In the adult the testis on the affected side is markedly smaller than the contralateral testis and spermatogenesis is absent. In addition, in vitro perfusion of the affected testis revealed significantly less testosterone secretion than did the contralateral testis. Moreover, electron microscopy revealed that the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the Leydig cell was significantly decreased. Thus, the affected testes clearly showed deranged spermatogenesis and Leydig cell structure and function. The ACI rat model may provide insight into the potential effects of congenital epididymal abnormalities on the testis of the human.
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PMID:Testicular atrophy associated with agenesis of the epididymis in the ACI rat. 705 91

Three cases of Ectopia of the ureter are described. In one case the normal left hand kidney showed a connection between its lower calices and the epididymis on the same side. The vas deferens was normally developed. In two cases a single ureter terminate in the seminal vesicle. The involved kidney was small and dysplastic.
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PMID:[Three cases of ectopia of the ureter opening into the seminal vesicle and the epididymis (author's transl)]. 719 23

Nitric oxide (NO) has been suggested as a nonadrenergic non-cholinergic neurotransmitter in the urogenital tract and has previously been shown to have a smooth muscle relaxing effect in the urogenital organs both in various animals and in humans. It has been shown that NO is a mediator of the erection and the dilatation of the bladder neck and urethra. The aim of the study was to analyse nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in the human urogenital tract. NOS activity was measured by the conversion of L-[U-14C] arginine to L-[U-14C] citrulline. In the upper urinary tract there was Ca(2+)-dependent NOS activity in the renal pelvis, but no significant NOS activity could be found in the ureter. In the lower urinary tract we found high Ca(2+)-dependent NOS activity in the urethra, intermediate activity in the bladder neck and comparatively low activity in the detrusor muscle. In the male genital tract the testis and epididymis had no significant NOS activity. The vas deferens, prostate, seminal vesicle and corpus cavernosum were found to have high levels of Ca(2+)-dependent NOS activity. Ca(2+)-independent NOS activity was not obtained in the urogenital tract. Our results correspond well with previous functional studies indicating NO to be an important nerve-induced mediator of erection and in the micturition reflex, but also suggest that NO may be involved in several other functions in the human urogenital tract.
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PMID:Nitric oxide synthase activity in the human urogenital tract. 753 44

To study receptors for angiotensin II, polyclonal rabbit anti-peptide antisera were prepared against the peptide QDDCPKAGRHC corresponding to amino acids 15-24 of the rat AT1A and AT1B receptors. Western analysis of rat tissues showed a major band of approximately 43 kDa. The antisera immunoprecipitated AT1-receptor protein produced in vitro. Immunohistochemical analysis of rat tissues showed intense staining of arterial and arteriolar smooth muscle. Other tissues that contained AT1-receptor protein included hepatocytes, the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland, and the smooth muscle of the bronchus, gut, ureter, and epididymis. In the kidney, intense staining was observed in all small arteries and arterioles. Both afferent and efferent arterioles contain approximately equal intensities of immunoreactive AT1 protein. The inner stripe of the outer medulla has a moderate level of receptors within thick ascending limb epithelium. Proximal tubular epithelium also expresses receptor protein. Glomerular immunoreactive AT1 protein is found within mesangial cells and varies in intensity among different rat strains. Lewis and Wistar rats demonstrated moderate glomerular staining, whereas the CD and Sprague-Dawley strains showed lesser levels of reactivity. The fact that glomerular mesangial cells are the primary locus of angiotensin II action within the glomerulus.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical localization of rat angiotensin II AT1 receptor. 768 19

Human genital skin fibroblasts contain both the full-length 110 K androgen receptor protein (AR-B, apparent M(r) approximately 110,000) and an 87 K N-terminally truncated AR isoform (AR-A, apparent M(r) approximately 87,000). These two AR species are structurally analogous to the A- and B-isoforms of the progesterone receptor (PR). We examined the distribution pattern of human AR isoforms in a variety of fetal and adult tissues by Western blot analysis. Relative levels of immunoreactive AR proteins in high salt tissue extracts were estimated by densitometry in comparison to a standard normal genital skin fibroblast preparation. High AR levels (AR-A + AR-B = 0.8-7.7) were present in male and female reproductive tissues from mid-trimester fetuses, including penis, prostate, testis, epididymis, scrotal skin, labial skin, uterus/cervix, and ovary. AR-A and AR-B (0.08-0.9) also were found in 14 non-genital fetal tissues (bladder, fat, lung, great vessel, trachea, muscle, scalp skin, kidney, thyroid, intestine, thymus, ureter, stomach and rectum). AR-A accounted for 4-26% of the AR protein detected in these tissues. Ten other fetal tissues had low levels of AR-B (0.02-0.3) and little or no detectable AR-A. AR-B also was the predominant or only immunoreactive AR species found in 17 adult human tissues. AR levels in adult reproductive tissues (prostate, endometrium, ovary, uterus, fallopian tube, testis, seminal vesicle, myometrium, and ejaculatory duct) ranged from 0.1 to 2.2. Immunoreactive AR (0.4-0.8) also was present in specimens of prostate carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma and kidney. Lower levels of AR (0.03-0.1) were detected in adult breast, colon, lung and adrenal gland specimens. This study demonstrates that immunoreactive AR protein is present in a wide variety of human fetal and adult tissues and that two AR isoforms are expressed in many tissues.
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PMID:A and B forms of the androgen receptor are expressed in a variety of human tissues. 880 38

Inverted Y partial ureteric duplication corresponds to the presence of a variable length of duplicated ureter before entering the bladder in an orthotopic or ectopic position. A case od inverted Y partial ureteric duplication with ureteric confluence in the hilum of the kidney associated with anastomosis of an ectopic ureter in the epididymis is reported. The description of this original case is compared with the data of the literature.
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PMID:[Inverted Y partial ureteral duplication. Apropos of an unusual case]. 961 39

Partial ureteral duplication in an inverted Y is evidenced by the presence of a ureter duplicated at a variable level before reaching the bladder, in either an orthotopic or an ectopic position. A case of ureteral duplication at the level of the renal hilum with opening of a ureter at the level of the epididymis is reported. The description of this original case is compared with the data in the literature. The stages of organogenesis of the superior excretory pathway leading to ureteral ectopia and ureteral anomalies of number are reviewed.
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PMID:Partial ureteral duplication in an inverted Y with epididymal ureteric ectopia and intrasinusal ureteral junction. 965 34

Though the first mammalian chimera was reported in 1961, suitable markers for different animal strains which are easily detectable in histological sections of all or most organs have not existed. Chimeric mice were produced having an excellent histological marker, the C3H antigen, which is strain-specific and fulfills all the criteria for an ideal strain-specific histological marker. Using male and female C3H-Balb/c chimeric mice we examined epithelial cells of urogenital organs and their morphological or functional units, such as the glomerulus, to determine whether individual organs and their morphological subunits were monoclonal or polyclonal in origin. We found that the epithelial parenchyma of most male and female urogenital organs (the prostate, seminal vesicle, epididymis, ovaries, vagina, kidney, ureter and bladder) and their morphological subdivisions were derived from cells of both input strains, indicating a polyclonal origin for each organ and/or organ component. A notable exception was the uterus in which all individual uterine glands examined (n = 403) were found to be either entirely Balb/c or entirely C3H, indicating a monoclonal origin. The clonality of urogenital structures is discussed in terms of the morphogenesis of the urogenital system.
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PMID:Clonality of urogenital organs as determined by analysis of chimeric mice. 1051 18


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