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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Electrical and mechanical activities in high-K-induced contracture of guinea pig ureter and taenia coli were studied using the sucrose-gap method. Ureter immersed in high-K solution showed a contracture consisting of three components as well as twitch contractions evoked by a few spikes which were observed during the depolarizing phase. Reapplication of high-K solution after a short washing procedure with normal solution induced a contracture composed of only the first and the third components. No action potential was observed during the course of membrane depolarization by this procedure. High-K-induced contracture was highly sensitive to extracellular Ca: no tension development of the ureter despite the membrane depolarization was observed in Ca-free high-K solution. The addition of Ca to Ca-free high-K solution caused a contracture similar to that by high-K solution in the presence of Ca. Verapamil (10(-5) M) blocked all three components, leaving only slightly depressed twitch contractions initiated by action potentials. The possibility that all of these components of high-K-induced contracture were initiated by influxed Ca from extracellular space was also strengthened.
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PMID:The role of membrane electrical activities and extracellular calcium in high-K-induced contracture of guinea pig ureter. 66 Oct 11

The case of a patient with a ureter endoprosthesis is presented. The endoprosthesis became encrusted after remaining in position for three years. Ureter endoprosthesis in connection with renal or ureteric calculi should only remain in position for 6-8 weeks.
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PMID:[Encrusted ureteral endoprosthesis]. 141 39

Morphological investigations of the urethra, urinary bladder (2 localizations), ureter, renal pelvis and kidneys were performed in sows with Corynebacterium suis infection. The first stages of the disease were characterized by changes of the transitional epithelium in the bladder where epithelial vacuolisation, goblet cell differentiation, leucocytic infiltrations, and haemorrhages occurred. In chronically affected animals different stages of a mucopurulent, partly erosive to ulcerative cystitis were observed. Furthermore, chronic cystitis was characterized by polypoid mucosal proliferation and bacterial accumulations. Ureter and urethra showed signs of a mild purulent inflammation. In the renal pelvis there was a severe fibrinopurulent and necrotizing pyelitis which was accompanied by bacterial invasions. The parts of the renal pelvis without desquamation of the transitional epithelium undergo mucoid degenerations. The final stage of the disease is characterized by severe fibrosing chronic interstitial nephritis leading to death of the animals due to uraemia.
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PMID:[Corynebacterium suis infections in swine. 2. Morphological findings in the urinary tract with special reference to the bladder]. 208 May 4

Ureter ligated control dogs that are K loaded by infusion with 2 mEq KCl/kg.h until prelethal electrocardiographic changes of hyperkalemic cardiotoxicity appear, transfer somewhat more than half the K load to intracellular fluid. The proportion is not significantly changed by adrenalectomy, but increased by treatment with aminophylline; the treatment has no effect on K transfer in adrenalectomized animals. Insulin is not involved; in dogs with adrenalectomy and pancreatectomy treatment with pharmacological dosages of adrenaline (Abbot), beta agonist activity is as effective as that with aminophylline. We conclude that aminophylline improves K transfer, by investifying beta agonist activity of endogenous adrenaline; it is known that increased beta agonist activity enhances beta receptor mediated K transfer in K loaded ureter ligated, intact and adrenalectomized dogs.
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PMID:Aminophylline activation of adrenaline mediated transmembrane K transfer in hyperkalemic dogs. 227 Oct 6

A subepithelial multilayer of abundant fusiform cells has been distinguished cytochemically in the urinary bladder and ureter in mice and rats. These distinctive cells stained selectively for carbonic anhydrase (CA) isozymes I and III. Immunonegativity for keratin and Na+,K+-ATPase differentiated the CA-positive cells from epithelial cells and their lack of immunoreactivity for actin distinguished them from smooth muscle cells. Immunostaining for vimentin, blue staining with the trichrome method, location in an exceptionally dense collagen stroma, and ultrastructural appearance related the multilayer cells to fibroblasts. A loosely collagenous, less cellular lamina propria separated the CA-positive suburothelial zone from the smooth muscle wall in the rodent urinary bladder. Ureter lacked the loose lamina propria, and the presence of such a collageneous layer in bladder therefore correlated with distensability of the organ. The presence of CA uniquely in the fibroblastoid cells applied intimately to ureter and bladder epithelium implies a specialized function of these cells, possibly one concerned with the barrier between blood and hypertonic urine. Cytochemical demonstration of keratin and fucose-rich glycoconjugate in the plasmalemma of superficial urothelial cells indicates a role for these components in passively maintaining the blood-urine barrier. The observed distribution of Na+,K+-ATPase in mid and deep urothelial cells implicates this enzyme and these cells in actively maintaining the urine's hypertonicity. Basal urothelial cells contained glycoconjugate with terminal galactose in their plasmalemma. Ultrastructural features suggesting involution of superficial urothelial cells further evidence restriction of active ion transport to the deeper cells.
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PMID:Evidence for the blood-urine barrier depending on urothelium and carbonic anhydrase positive fibroblasts. 244 48

The effect of nephrectomy and ureter ligation on the concentration of endogenous plasma neurotensin-like immunoreactivity (p-NTLI) was studied in conscious rats by means of antiserum 17-8201 which detects NT (1-13) only, and antiserum 0-7709 which detects NT(1-13) and NT(1-8). The unstimulated p-NTLI concentration did not change significantly during a 25-h observation period following nephrectomy in comparison with sham operation. However, stimulation of the release of NTLI by intraduodenal administration of oleic acid (0.2 ml) resulted in significantly higher p-NTLI levels in the nephrectomized rats than in the sham operated rats. Ureter ligation did not significantly affect basal or stimulated p-NTLI. The data indicate that the kidneys play an important part in the elimination of p-NTLI released after fat ingestion.
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PMID:The effect of nephrectomy and ureter ligation on plasma neurotensin-like immunoreactivity levels in the conscious rat. 406 Nov 10

The construction of renal lobules in Triturus (Cynops) pyrrhogaster was studied by reconstruction from serial semithin sections, and the structure of nephrons, collecting ducts and ureters was investigated by means of light and electron microscopy. In T. pyrrhogaster the kidney was mesonephros in construction; renal lobules were arranged segmentally and each of them sent one ureter. Male ureters ran caudally and met together before joining the Wolffian duct. In renal lobules, long collecting ducts ran medio-laterally in the dorsal aspect of the kidney and sent several branches ventrally. Each branch duct or short collecting duct received one nephron. Each nephron had five segments; 1) renal corpuscle, 2) ciliated neck segment with or without a naphrostome, 3) proximal tubule, 4) ciliated intermediate segment and 5) distal tubule. Proximal and distal tubules were segregated spacially in renal lobules and occupied the peripheral and central zone respectively. The filtration barrier of the glomerulus consisted of both the basal lamina of podocytes and the subendothelial connective tissue, and was much thicker than the mammalian filtration barrier. Proximal tubule cells had a brush border, apical specialization for reabsorption of organic materials and well-developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum, but few baso-lateral interdigitations. In distal tubule cells, baso-lateral interdigitations and infoldings were well-developed. Collecting duct cells had a sparse cytoplasm. Ureter cells in males contained many secretory granules. On the basis of structural organization of the newt kidney as well as physiological data in literature, we suggest that in land vertebrates proximal tubules were primarily adapted to reabsorption of organic materials and distal tubules to reabsorption of electrolytes and water.
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PMID:The structure of the kidney of Japanese newts, Triturus (Cynops) pyrrhogaster. 683 32

Ureter disorders are described with special regard to secondary diseases and maintenance of renal function. The importance of increasing incidence of ureter tumors, metastases to the ureter and retroperitoneal tumors, the interaction of ureterolithiasis and ureteritis, special forms of ureteritis such as ureteritis follicularis and ureteritis cystica, retroperitoneal fibrosis and specific inflammatory diseases, diseases of large and small bowel spreading to ureters, ureter disorders caused by aortic aneurysm, pregnancy and rare lesions such as the ovary-vein-syndrome are emphasized.
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PMID:[Ureter disorders, patho-anatomical findings with special regard to secondary disorders (author's transl)]. 719 21

1. Stimulation of the ureter in humans evokes only painful sensations. A large proportion of ureteric afferents show high activation thresholds to ureter pressure increases and encode stimuli within the noxious range. However, little is known about how these properties are reflected in the central processing of ureteric information. In this study, dorsal horn neurons recorded in the left side of the T12-L1 spinal cord of anesthetized rats have been tested for responses to innocuous and noxious pressure stimuli applied to the ipsilateral ureter. 2. Single-unit recordings were made from 76 neurons with somatic receptive fields on the left flank, of which 57 were fully characterized and tested by raising the ureter pressure to 80 mmHg for 30 s. Of these 57 neurons, 24 (42%) were influenced by the ureter stimulus, as follows: 18 were excited, 2 were inhibited, and 4 showed changes in background activity and/or in somatic receptive field area, without a time-locked change in firing rate. The remaining 33 cells (58%) showed no changes in firing rate, background activity, somatic receptive field area, or input properties as a result of ureter stimulation. 3. Neurons responding to the 80-mmHg stimulus were further tested with a range of ureter pressures (5-100 mmHg). No responses were evoked by stimuli of < 20 mmHg, and responses observed were proportional to stimulus intensity. Excitatory responses showed a long onset latency (median = 23 s) and long afterdischarges (median = 145 s). 4. All neurons with ureter input had nociceptive somatic inputs. When compared with neurons without ureter input, cells with ureter input were more likely to show background activity (80 vs. 27%) and more likely to have bilateral somatic receptive fields (30 vs. 6%). Neurons with ureter input had higher rates of background activity and larger somatic receptive fields. Ureter stimulation also produced changes in the somatic receptive field area of neurons excited or inhibited by the stimulus, indicating a high degree of plasticity in the ureteric nociceptive pathway. 5. We conclude that the characteristics of the responses of dorsal horn neurons with ureter input to noxious and innocuous ureter stimulation indicate that they receive ureteric input mainly from high-threshold afferents, and that their response properties correlate well with ureteric pain sensation in humans.
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PMID:Spinal dorsal horn neurons responding to noxious distension of the ureter in anesthetized rats. 893 Feb 69

The complications during and following endoscopic excision of deep endometriosis were analysed. The data of 225 excisions performed in 212 women had been collected prospectively into a database immediately following surgery and during the follow-up visit. The data confirmed the association of severe pelvic pain and deep endometriosis, severe pelvic being the only indication for surgery in 67, 78 and 76% of women with type I (n = 99), type II (n = 55) and type III (n = 71) lesions respectively. They confirmed that type II and type III were the largest lesions and that they were found predominantly in revised American Fertility Society (AFS) class II. The duration of surgery decreased with expertise (P < 0.01), but increased when deeper or larger lesions were excised (P < 0.0001) and when cystic ovarian endometriosis was also present (P < 0.001). Excision was clinically judged to be complete in 94, 96 and 85% of women with type I, II or III lesions respectively. In order to achieve this, part of the bowel wall had to be resected in 6.3% and part of the posterior vaginal fornix in 13.6% of cases. This risk was associated mainly in type II or III lesions and with larger lesions (P = 0.001). This was not considered as a complication, since all lesions could be repaired endoscopically and since follow-up was uneventful. Complications were one ureter lesion and seven late bowel perforations with periotonitis. Our data did not permit the evaluation as to whether medical pretreatment could improve completeness of surgery or decrease the risk. They revealed, however, that in six of seven women with type III lesions--in whom excision was judged to be complete--no pretreatment had been given and that luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist treatment decreased the volume of type II lesions (P = 0.04). In conclusion, complete endoscopic excision could be performed in over 90% of women with deep endometriosis, but required bowel surgery in over 6% of cases. Ureter lesions were rare, but postoperative bowel perforations with periotonitis occurred in 2-3% of cases. Medical pretreatment is advocated since LHRH agonist treatment was shown to shrink the deep endometriotic lesion.
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PMID:Complications of CO2-laser endoscopic excision of deep endometriosis. 894 40


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