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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Based on a personal series of 310 observations, the authors have studied the presenting signs, the etiology, the urinary bacteriology and the localization of the stone in children with urolithiasis. Urinary tract infection is the presenting sign in 55% of the cases, hematuria in 23% and abdominal pain in 20%. Urinary malformation is associated in 26% of cases, whatever the age at diagnosis. The urinary bacteria found in 55% of cases is Proteus. Localization was in the kidney in 228 cases, in the ureter in 71 cases, the bladder in 45 cases and in the urethra in 5 cases.
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PMID:Urolithiasis in children. Presenting signs, etiology, bacteriology and localisation. 667 90

A percutaneous nephrostomy tract was used as a conduit to the kidney and ureter for extraction of 149 calculi in 100 patients. A variety of grasping and fragmentation techniques under fluoroscopic and endoscopic control were used to extract calculi in 88 per cent of the patients. With experience, operator efficiency and rate of stone extraction increased from 76 per cent early in the series to 91 per cent in the most recent patients, and the incidence of complications decreased from 17 to 5 per cent. Percutaneous removal of upper tract urinary calculi appears to be an appropriate alternative to an open operation in most patients with symptomatic urolithiasis.
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PMID:Percutaneous nephrolithotomy: extraction of renal and ureteral calculi from 100 patients. 670 16

This paper analyzes some aspects of the pathophysiology of urolithiasis. It is emphasized that a better understanding of factors contributing to stone formation can only be gained when the primary nucleation site is identified. Three compartments are considered in which supersaturation as a precondition for stone formation could be present: urine in the urinary tract, tubular fluid from the glomerulus down to the duct of Bellini, and the interstitium of the medulla. From calculations based on micropuncture data it becomes apparent that the oxalate concentration in the tubular fluid at the bend of Henle's loop is 1 or 2 orders of magnitude lower than in the duct of Bellini and that the oxalate concentration maximum invariably must be located in the final urine. The calculation of a tubular concentration profile of oxalate shows, that the probability of intra luminal crystal formation is even less likely for plasma oxalate values of 2-3 microM as compared to 1.2 microM, which therefore should be the correct value. The time necessary for the growth of crystals up to a critical size which can obstruct tubules or ureter is not available in the urinary tract nor in the tubules. However, in the medullary interstitium, where solute concentration is highest, nearly unlimited time for crystal growth is available due to the fact, that in this compartment convective flow is very low. It is concluded that the interstitium of the inner medulla has the best chances to function as the primary nucleation site where particles can be formed of a size which subsequently can obstruct the urinary tract.
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PMID:Concentration profiles of calcium and oxalate in urine, tubular fluid and renal tissue--some theoretical considerations. 683 26

On 138 patients with radiologic filling defects in the ureter and renal pelvis lavage cytology was done. With this method it was possible to recognize clearly 39 of 47 urothelial tumors of renal pelvis and ureter (81,3%). Lavage cytology failed in patients with hypernephroma. Severe cellular atypias could be seen in patients with urolithiasis and inflammation. The diagnostic reliability of lavage cytology with urothelial tumors of renal pelvis and ureter is far greater than that of exfoliative urinary cytology and reaches results as good as those from brush biopsy.
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PMID:[Lavage-cytology of the renal pelvis and ureter with special reference to tumors (author's transl)]. 704 57

Sixty-eight children (ages ranging from 5 months to 16 years) with urolithiasis were treated between 1966 and 1979. There were 36 females (53%) and 32 males (47%). Sixteen children (24%) had associated urinary tract infection; 4 out of these (6%) presented with urinary tract malformation. Fifty-five calculi (89%) were found in the upper urinary tract (kidney and ureter); 24 of the chemically studied calculi (80%) were made of calcium salts. In 30 children, metabolic investigations were carried out, leading to the discovery of hypercalciuria in 17 (57%). In one patient, important vesico-ureteral reflux associated with urolithiasis led to renal failure.
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PMID:[Urolithiasis in Isreali children (author's transl)]. 723 27

We performed treatment of urolithiasis on 7 patients with spinal cord injury (6 males and one female, with a mean age of 41 years old) by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) using a Lithostar (Siemens). The level of injury was cervical in 3 patients and lower thoracic in 4. The treated stones were renal in 6 patients, including one staghorn caliculus, ureteral in 2, and bladder stones in 2 patients. ESWL was performed under general anesthesia in 2 patients, and in another patient, epidural anaesthesia was employed in the first several sessions, but thereafter treatment was safely continued with no anesthesia. The other 4 patients were treated without anesthesia. In most patients, the stones (9 stones in 6 cases) were easily disintegrated after treatment of from one to 14 sessions, except one case of staghorn caliculus, and the clearance of fragments was also satisfactory. In one patient, hypertension and bradycardia due to autonomic hyperreflexia were observed during ESWL, and the treatment was discontinued, but the stone was successfully disintegrated and the fragments were voided. In another patient, autonomic hyperreflexia was observed while the fragments passed through the ureter, although no signs of this reflexia were seen during the ESWL procedure.
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PMID:[Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy on patients with spinal cord injury with special reference to autonomic hyperreflexia]. 770 1

A conventional approach to urolith elimination involving spasmolytics, water loading, terpene-containing drugs warrants efficacy in 80% of the cases. Diuretic tea promoted the stones evacuation from the ureter in 88.5%. Sinusoidal modulated currents with inductothermia and sound stimulation of the upper urinary tracts resulted in the stones elimination in 88 and 85.7% of the cases, respectively. A new method of urolithiasis treatment is suggested, tried and patented. It implies introduction of upper urinary tract sound stimulation with the frequency 2.4-3.3 kHz at the height of urinative effect of the tea. The resultant elimination of uroliths occurred in 129 of 134 patients treated (96.3%). The treatment is feasible both in inpatient and outpatient settings.
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PMID:[A comparative evaluation of the results of using different means for stone-expelling therapy in urolithiasis]. 778 20

Studies on the pathogenesis of urolithiasis have mainly focused on metabolic disorders. However, metabolic disorders alone are not sufficient to explain the problem. In the present study, morphological and urodynamic differences of the upper urinary tract on both the stone and normal side were examined. There were 35 cases of those who had experienced unilateral, recurrent, and/or multiple stone formation. 1. Morphologic study. Study of the pelvic-caliceal system (PCS) revealed significant differences in the following parameters on the stone side as compared with the normal side. The findings were: 1) the number of minor calices (papillaes), Np, was higher; 2) the number of major calices, Nm, was higher; 3) the number of branches, Nb, was higher; 4) the lower calyx radius, 1(2), was longer; 5) the total calyx area, Ac, was larger; 6) the renal pelvic area, Ar, was larger; 7) and the total area, At, was larger. 2. Urodynamic study. Additional study of the urodynamic factors revealed significant differences in the following parameters on the stone side as compared with the normal side. These findings include: 1) the peristaltic frequency in the upper third of the ureter was less; 2) the difference in peristaltic interval was longer and the rhythm of the peristaltic discharge was irregular. However, no significant difference in the contraction pressure was found except in the pelviureteral junction. After furosemide had been administered, the contraction pressure decreased while the peristaltic frequency increased on both sides. Furthermore, it was found that on the stone side the peristaltic interval decreased significantly as well as the rhythm of the peristaltic discharge becoming regular. The results of the two studies indicate that in the same individual the urine flow in the stone side as compared to the of the normal side is either stagnant or inconstant, thereby creating conditions conductive to the formation and growth of stones which become difficult to discharge owing to these same conditions. Therefore, morphological and urodynamic disorders of the upper urinary tract may be considered as factors contributing to stone formation. It appears that the diuretic action is an effective method for preventing stone recurrence and facilitating stone passage.
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PMID:[Renal morphology and urodynamic factors for renal stone formation]. 789 27

Fibroepithelial polyps are the most common benign tumor of the ureter. Most of the literature regarding their cause ascribes it to chronic infection. These publications, however, show that the majority of such cases never were associated with a documented urinary tract infection. Fibroepithelial polyps appear with equal frequency in male and female subjects and are found in all age groups including children, in contrast to what would have been expected with an infectious cause. Four histologically confirmed cases of fibroepithelial polyps were associated with chronic inflammation of the upper urinary tract related to the presence of calculi and/or Double J ureteral stents. All patients were managed successfully by endoscopic means, preserving renal function. Fibroepithelial ureteral polyps may be associated with urolithiasis, which serves as a source of chronic inflammation. A review of the literature is presented and supports these observations.
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PMID:Fibroepithelial ureteral polyps and urolithiasis. 794 Dec 2

Inverted Y duplication of the ureter is a rare anomaly. We report on a 24-year-old man who presented with urolithiasis and azoospermia in a solitary functioning kidney with an inverted Y ureteral duplication. To our knowledge our case represents the first documentation of ectopic emptying of 1 limb of the inverted Y ureter into the seminal vesicle. The embryology and management of this complex case are discussed.
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PMID:Inverted Y duplication of the ureter associated with a distal limb ectopic to the seminal vesicle. 805 62


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