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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Complicated nephrolithiasis and ureterolithiasis were surgically treated in 87 and 79 patients aged 18-80 years, respectively. Of them elderly patients constituted 62%. Unilateral calculi occurred in 90.9%, coral calculi in 21 patients. Of 195 complications observed acute purulent pyelonephritis (PP) developed in 150 patients. It proved to be the most threatening and frequent complication. Therapeutic policy and choice of surgery were decided upon with consideration of the stone location, anatomic and functional status of the kidneys, preexisting somatic pathology, age of the patient. Because most severe pyelonephritis was reported in patients with nephroliths and prepelvic ureter, these patients have undergone nephrectomy most often (47%). Conservative surgery has been performed in 53%, pyelolithotomy without renal drainage in 9 (5.4%) patients with non-destructive pyelonephritis. Calculous pyodestructive pyelonephritis should be treated early according to the scheme: cleaning of the purulent foci, removal of the stone and nephrostomy. Used in 23 (13.9%) patients, this scheme failed (lethal outcome) only once. PP in patients with ureteroliths required two-stage treatment. Early nephrostomy (stage 1) preserved the kidney and prevented septic complications in 37 patients. Extracorporeal lithotripsy of ureteroliths (stage 2) is beneficial in clinically cured pyelonephritis and is indicated only in functioning nephrostomy. Conventional ureterolithotomy is valid in cicatricial ureteral stenosis in need of plastic surgery. Renal drainage and surgical elimination of the obstruction in the urinary tracts or on-demand nephrectomy resulted in a 90.4% cure. Hospital lethality in septic complications of calculous PP was 9.6%.
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PMID:[The surgical outcomes in complicated urolithiasis]. 761 22

It can be claimed that ESWL is an optimal alternative for ablation of calculi by external shock waves. The new developments in ESWL focus more on the economic aspects of treatment rather than enhancing its efficacy or reducing the side effects. The routine indications of ESWL are well known and widely accepted. Similarly, its limitations are well defined: silent caliceal calculi, diverticular caliceal calculi, nephrolithiasis in horseshoe kidney, medullary sponge kidney and residual fragments after ESWL. Although endourology offers new, less invasive and less traumatic ways for stone ablation, such as lasertripsy, mini flexible ureteroscopes and ureteropyeloscopes, the indication for a more aggressive approach in the cases mentioned above is limited to the symptomatic cases. For calculi in the distal ureter, only the ureteroscope and intraureteral laser open new and interesting possibilities in the near future.
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PMID:[Extracorporeal lithotripsy and our future approach in lithiasis]. 794 3

A 12-year-old boy presented with fever and flank pain bilaterally. Intravenous pyelogram revealed multiple stones and hydronephrosis in the right kidney and an obstructive filling defect at the left upper ureter. Exploration of the left ureter revealed a fibroepithelial polyp. The presented case was an example of the unreported association between fibroepithelial polyp and contralateral nephrolithiasis.
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PMID:An unusual association: fibroepithelial polyp and contralateral nephrolithiasis in a child. 801 21

The MODULITH SL20 combines on-line ultrasound and optional X-ray in series. In addition to highly simplified patient positioning and the possibility of handling the machine as a multipurpose lithotripter for disintegration of urinary-, gallbladder and bile duct stones and for treatment of pancreatic concrements this appliance can be used in cases of sialolithiasis and as a workplace for all urological purposes, so that the design is very modern. As the energy level in f2 can be extremely high, a disintegration rate of about was achieved for 70% ureteral stones in the middle and distal sections of the ureter. However, this good disintegration rate was not achieved for ureteral stones lying in the upper ureter or in cases of nephrolithiasis treated with a prototype of the machine. In our opinion, this reflects a problem with nonexistent on-line X-ray stone localization, but an overall disintegration rate of about 77% in preselected patients (1.8 stones/patient) confirms that this is a highly sophisticated and powerful machine.
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PMID:[Modulith SL 20. One-year urologic experience with a lithotripter of the third generation]. 817 13

A 37-year old man with a five-year history of nephrolithiasis was catheterized with a double-J ureteral stent (Angiomed) in the left ureter before extra corporeal shock wave lithotripsy. After eight lithotripsy treatments over the course of one year, the double-J stent was removed. Papillary tumor was discovered around the left ureter ostium. Histology showed papillary transitional cell carcinoma grade 2 without invasive growth. No neoplasm has previously been observed after using double pigtail stents for longtime-stenting. One should keep this case in mind, when controlling ureteral stents that are left in place for longer periods.
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PMID:[Papillary transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder after 1 year use of a double-J ureteral catheter]. 821 73

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy has become the treatment of choice of nephrolithiasis with surgical indication. Our unit is managing urinary tract stones using the Sonolith 3000 lithotritor since April 1991. The procedure is performed in ambulatory patients and requires analgesia and mild sedation. We report the experience in the treatment of the first 185 patients. In 87% of them, the stones disappeared completely, 8.7% of patients were left with residual fragments without indication of further treatments and in 4.3% the procedure failed. There was no mortality. In 13 occasions, obstructive complications at the distal ureter were produced by the stone fragments that required ureteroscopy in only three patients and 11 patients had severe renal colic. We conclude that this procedure is safe and effective in the treatment of urinary tract stones.
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PMID:[Extracorporeal lithotripsy by shock waves: results in 185 patients]. 827 11

Renal autotransplantation is an established but rarely used therapy in cases of renal vessel lesions, tumours of the kidney and ureter, long-distance ureter lesions, complex nephrolithiasis and retroperitoneal fibrosis. The indications and results of renal autotransplantation are discussed using three case reports and compared to the literature. In cases of central intrarenal tumours and aneurysms of the kidney, autotransplantation is indispensible in order to save the organ. For long-distance ureter lesions as well as for retroperitoneal fibrosis, autotransplantation of the kidney gives excellent results. In difficult clinical situations ileum segment interposition is an alternative treatment.
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PMID:[Autotransplantation of the kidney. Indications and results]. 847 14

While the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for calcium nephrolithiasis remain unknown, the influence of heparan sulphate proteoglycan (HSPG) on disease progression of other diseases, such as polycystic kidneys and diabetic glomerulosclerosis, makes it an important candidate for the study of stone formation. Using the indirect immunofluorescence assay and image analysis, we were able to quantify and visualize the loss of HSPG localized in the basement membrane of the glomerulus and the mucosa of ureter or renal pelvis in patients with recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis as compared to normal subjects. However, no significant change in HSPG was observed in the basement membrane of the tubular epithelium. The decreased HSPG in the glomerulus may reflect the potentially disrupted anion/neutral barrier for glomerular filtration, which would encourage the accumulation of stone solutes. The drop in HSPG staining intensity in the basement membrane of the mucosa of ureter/renal pelvis may suggest the tendency of adhesion of crystal to urothelial surfaces. Based on these immunological data, it appears that HSPG plays a modulatory role in the pathogenesis of this disease.
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PMID:Determination of heparan sulphate in kidney tissues of patients with calcium nephrolithiasis. 883 92

Renal scanning is one of the imaging techniques used to investigate the upper urinary tract. In the present examination, the principles of performing renal scanning in the dog and car are described. Eleven animals with healthy kidneys (six dogs and five cats) were included in the study for the determination of normal scintigraphic findings as well as eight animals (seven dogs and one cat) with renal damage. The following nephropathies were investigated scintigraphically: nephrolithiasis, hydronephrosis, polycystic renal degeneration, renal aplasia, renal hypoplasia, obstruction of the ureter and renal trauma. Renal scanning proved to be easy to perform with acceptable effort in the dog and cat. It allows the simultaneous assessment of renal function on both sides during the phases of renal perfusion and tubular se- and excretion and represents a valuable adjunct to the morphologically orientated radio- and sonography. The nephrogram curves are comparable to those found in man, although the time until reaching the maximum of the curves and elimination half times are shorter. Also, the sequential scintigrams can be divided into the corresponding phases as in man. Through permanent technical development, today there are gamma processors at disposal that allow a faster, comprehensive and sophisticated evaluation. In the present investigation, this was demonstrated by a comparison of two different calculators. However, due to the financial and technical expenditures and the special radiological safety precautions required, renal scanning will be a technique reserved to larger clinics.
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PMID:[Kidney scintigraphy in dogs and cats using 99mTc-MAG3]. 896 43

Nephrolithiasis affects about 0.2% of the US population annually with about 5% to 15% of the population suffering at some point in their lives. While 75% of all calculi are calcium based, the remainder are composed of uric acid, cystine, struvite, or are composed of more than one substance. A 1997 policy update by the American Urological Association recommends that stones lodged in the ureter that are not causing excruciating pain for the patient are best initially managed by observation.
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PMID:Diagnosis and treatment of renal and ureteral calculi. 965 56


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