Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report on a 22-year old patient who received a cadaveric renal transplant following haemodialysis treatment for five months due to endstage chronic glomerulonephritis. 14 months after successful transplantation while on stable renal function (serum-creatinine 1.0-1.4 mg%) the patient became pregnant. As an immunosuppressive therapy the patient got cyclosporine A and cortisone. The monitoring of the immunosuppressive therapy (Cyclosporine A) was performed by daily measurement of serum concentration by radioimmunoassay. Drug administration was adjusted to maintain serum levels of 250-550 ng/ml. Increased dosages were required from 25th week until delivery. Until the 25th week of gestation the pregnancy was uncomplicated from both the nephrological and obstetrical points of view. At the 25th week of gestation the patient became anuric. This was caused by a postrenal failure due to the compression of the transplantar ureter by the pregnant uterus. Nephrostomy was installed and was used until the end of pregnancy. In the third trimester the foetus showed growth retardation. For this reason a Caesarean section was necessary at the 36th week of gestation. A healthy boy was delivered weighing 2080 g and measuring 45 cm. No congenital malformations were observed, the chromosomal analysis showed no aberrations. After the delivery cyclosporine concentrations in the blood of the mother and the newborn were simultaneously measured. A remarkable difference in these concentrations was observed particularly in the mother's blood 864 ng/ml whereas in the baby's blood the concentration was 312 ng/ml. Three days after the delivery the patient was able to urinate normally so that the nephrostomy could be removed.
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PMID:[Pregnancy and labor following kidney transplantation with cyclosporin A. Case report and review of the literature]. 331 39

We report our experience with 3 uraemic patients who were found to have transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis, ureter and urinary bladder after undergoing haemodialysis for an average of 18 months (range 11-28). The underlying causes of renal failure were chronic glomerulonephritis or pyelonephritis. Bloody urethral discharge was the cardinal symptom. Because of anuria, it was often discovered at a late stage. In spite of their poor general condition and advanced stage, palliative surgical intervention was still performed. After a mean follow-up of 9 months, progression of disease was noted in 1 patient. The importance of regular follow-up in patients with end-stage renal disease for early detection of concomitant cancer cannot be over-emphasised. Uraemic patients with urothelial cancer should be treated in the same way as non-uraemic patients, since aggressive surgical intervention may improve their quality of life and prolong their survival.
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PMID:Uraemia with concomitant urothelial cancer. 826 4

Urological complications constitute significant problem following renal transplantation. Incidence ranges from 4 to 14% in graft recipients. The most important aspects concerning these complications are early diagnosis and prompt treatment, any delay in diagnosis and management may lead to deterioration of renal graft function or graft loss. The following case report discusses management of hydronephrosis in renal graft caused by ureter stenosis due to scarring and fibrosis of its distal end after remote kidney transplantation. The patient was a 33-year-old woman with previous history of end stage renal failure in the course of chronic glomerulonephritis. A triple drug immunosuppressive regimen consisting of Azathioprine (AZT), Cyclosporine A and Encorton (AZT + CsA + Encorton) was administered during a period of three years after kidney transplantation. At this time AZT administration was discontinued due to chronic viral hepatitis type B. Episodes of expansion sensation (discomfort) and graft pain were reported by the patient which after 3 days were followed by a period of oliguria and then anuria. The patient was admitted to the Department of Nephrology CMUJ, where ultrasound imaging revealed graft hydronephrosis. In the presence of such clinical and biochemical indications due to acute graft failure, one hemodialysis session, was performed. The patient was transferred to the Urological Department CMUJ where ureter exploration was attempted, but was unsuccessful. Subsequently percutaneous nephrostomy was performed which lead to immediate diuresis. Next, distal ureter stenosis (located by the urinary bladder) was surgically removed and reimplantation of the ureter was carried out. Due to early diagnosis and surgical reconstruction of the transplanted ureter, renal graft function returned to normal requiring only one hemo-dialysis session.
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PMID:[Urological complications in patient after kidney transplantation. Correction of ureter stenosis with consequent proper renal graft function]. 1176 94

We performed differential display analysis to determine transcriptional activity in the rat kidney, following unilateral ureteral obstruction and found a 12-fold increase in the expression of Growth Arrest and DNA Damage-45gamma (GADD45gamma), a stress-responsive molecule that interacts with cell-cycle proteins. GADD45gamma was strongly expressed in as little as 6 h following ureteric obstruction in the renal tubules, and was also found in kidney tissue of patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. Adenovirus-mediated expression of GADD45gamma in cultured renal tubular cells activated p38 along with a significant upregulation of C-C and C-X3-C chemokine ligands and fibrosis-related factors such as several matrix metalloproteinases, transforming growth factor-beta1, decorin, and bone morphogenetic protein 2. Silencing of GADD45gamma expression significantly blunted the upregulation of these inflammatory and fibrogenic mediators and monocyte infiltration in the ureteral obstructed rat kidney. Our study shows that GADD45gamma is quickly upregulated in the kidney with an obstructed ureter, enhancing the production of factors regulating the pathogenesis of kidney disease.
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PMID:Upregulation and function of GADD45gamma in unilateral ureteral obstruction. 1835 78