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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a urologic condition in which there is a retrograde flow of urine from the bladder through the ureter back up to the upper urinary tract. The condition may be classified as primary or secondary and is more often identified in Caucasian females. The primary goal in the management of VUR is the prevention of pyelonephritis and subsequent renal scarring.
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PMID:Surgical management of vesicoureteral reflux. 1073 37

Vesico-ureteral reflux, a common pathology in children, can be treated cystoscopically by injection of a bulking material underneath the most distal, intramural ureter, which forces the latter to do a detour, increasing its submucosal path. This increase of the length of the submucosal path of the ureter within the bladder is directly responsible for the anti-reflux effect. So far Teflon and collagen paste have been commonly used as bulking materials. We suggest replacing these materials by living tissue consisting of bladder smooth muscle, normally present at this location. The aim of this work is to provide a long-term effective treatment by producing bioresorbable microspheres which can act as a support matrix and an entrapment substance for bladder smooth muscle cells, with the goal of an in vivo transfer of the in vitro cultured cells with a minimal surgical procedure. By the use of Spinning Disk Atomization, which has specifically been developed for this purpose, we have shown two methods for the preparation of porous poly(lactic acid) microspheres with tunable sizes from 160 to 320 microm. The controlled solvent burst method has shown the advantage over the crystal leaching method in the direct creation of microspheres with large closed pores, by atomizing the polymer solution in controlled temperature conditions. Microspheres with various closed pore structures have thus been prepared. The innovation of this work is in the direct and rapid formation of porous microspheres with a pore morphology which is designed to create cavities suitable for adherence and growth of cells by adapting the temperature conditions of atomization. Injection tests have shown promising results in using these cell-loaded microspheres for future non-invasive tissue engineering.
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PMID:Bioresorbable microspheres by spinning disk atomization as injectable cell carrier: from preparation to in vitro evaluation. 1081 66

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) may occur intermittently and cyclic voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) can enhance the ability of the method to detect reflux. We undertook this prospective study to assess how often VUR may occur intermittently during VCUG and to evaluate the reliability of the method by performing cyclic VCUG. Two hundred seventy-five children younger than 2 years underwent two cycles of VCUG. Ninety-seven refluxing kidney-ureter units (KUU) from 68 children were identified during the two cycles. In 18 children VUR was demonstrated in the first, and in 50 children only in the second, cycle. Discrepancy between the two cycles regarding the presence and/or grade of VUR was observed in 85 KUU from 63 of 275 children (23%). In 21 of these 63 children VUR was > or = grade III. In the presence of reflux in the first cycle, discordant findings in the second cycle were found in 11 of 23 KUU (48%) or in 13 of 18 children (72.2%). In the absence of VUR in the first cycle, the second cycle disclosed reflux in 50 of 257 children (19.5%). In conclusion, intermittent VUR occurred in up to 23% of children undergoing VCUG. In more than one-third of them VUR was of major degree. Cyclic VCUG can enhance the ability of the method to detect and grade reflux.
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PMID:Cyclic voiding cystourethrography: is vesicoureteral reflux missed with standard voiding cystourethrography? 1187 Apr 84

The authors present treatment policy in acute pyelonephritis (AP) associated with diabetus mellitus (DM) and analyse treatment efficacy basing on the material on 214 patients. A clinical course of AP in the presence of DM has some specific features. The disease manifests primarily with clinico-laboratory signs of DM decompensation. Lack of insulin therapy effect in DM decompensated patients indirectly points to acute, especially purulent, pyelonephritis. High temperature, abnormal leukocytic blood picture, leukocyturia, hypercreatininemia in patients with insulin-resistent DM demands urological examination. Renal and urinary pathology is prompted by x-ray picture of atonic dilation of the caliculopelvic system and ureter in neuropathy. Vesicoureteral reflux, tower-like deformation of the urinary bladder, ureterohydronephrosis in DM patients are readily diagnosed with cystography, excretory urography and ultrasonic investigation. Therapeutic policy must be based on pyelonephritis form, severity of DM and efficacy of conservative therapy. No response to therapy, increasing academia and intoxication show failure of conservative treatment and absolute necessity of surgery. In extended purulent acute pyelonephritis preference is given to primary nephrectomy. The differentiated policy of acute pyelonephritis treatment led to DM remission and therapeutic response in 84.6% patients. Total lethality was 15.4%. Its cause was a severe condition of the patients.
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PMID:[Acute pyelonephritis in diabetes mellitus]. 1470 39

We report a case of ectopic ureterocele in a male adult found during examination of a traumatic injury. A 26-year-old man sustained a blow to his left back during a football game and was admitted to the hospital with a complaint of abdominal pain. The computed tomographic scan showed a huge cystic mass in the retroperitoneum. A cystoscope revealed a large bulge from the left ureteral orifice to the bladder neck and another ureteral orifice distal to the bulge. Retrograde pyelography revealed an ectopic ureterocele showing a complete duplication, a lateral deviation of the left ureter and a bladder deviation to the right. An ectopic ureteral orifice was opening in the posterior urethra. An ureteral catheter inserted into this orifice revealed a dilated left ureter from the upper half of the kidney. Because the function of left upper of kidney was maintained, a transurethral incision was performed. Vesicoureteral reflux remained, but the postoperative course was uneventful. We discuss 11 cases of ectopic ureterocele in male adults including this case.
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PMID:[A case of ectopic ureterocele in a male adult found during examination of a traumatic injury]. 1518 16

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the retrograde flow of urine from the bladder into the ureter and towards the kidneys. VUR is the most common cause of end stage renal failure in both children and adults and it is a major cause of severe hypertension in children. VUR is seen in approximately 1-2% of newborn Caucasians. Substantial evidence exists that VUR is a genetic disorder. Uroplakins are integral membrane proteins found in the bladder wall. Knockout studies in mice have suggested uroplakin III (UPK3) as a candidate gene for VUR. We have used parametric and nonparametric linkage analysis and tests for association, to investigate this possibility in a cohort of 126 sibling pairs affected with primary VUR. None of the analyses showed any substantial evidence for linkage or association of markers at the UPK3 locus to VUR. Our results do not support a role for UPK3 in primary VUR.
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PMID:Uroplakin III is not a major candidate gene for primary vesicoureteral reflux. 1552 93

Vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) is a congenital urinary tract defect caused by the failure of the ureter to insert correctly into the bladder. It occurs in up to 1% of the general population and is associated with recurrent urinary tract infections and renal failure. Despite treatment of affected children for the past 40 years, the incidence of end-stage renal disease secondary to VUR has not decreased. Twin and family studies reveal that VUR has a genetic basis. Some of the gene candidates that have been identified regulate the position of ureteric budding, a critical step in both kidney and urinary tract development. Analysis of data from humans and mice suggests that some of the renal damage associated with VUR is congenital and is due to a kidney malformation. Therefore, in these cases, the association of VUR and renal failure may be caused by a genetic defect affecting the formation of the kidney and the urinary tract.
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PMID:Vesicoureteric reflux and renal malformations: a developmental problem. 1643 89

Vesicoureteral reflux is the retrograde passage of urine from the bladder into the ureter and kidneys during voiding. This commonly-treated entity is frequently managed by different disciplines that include Urology, Nephrology and Pediatrics. The pathophysiology of vesicoureteral reflux seems to be related to the valve mechanism of the ureterovesical junction. Abnormal location of the ureteral orifice is implicated in the short ureteral tunnel which in turn compromised the flap-valve mechanism. The grading of reflux is important since management depends on the severity according to a five grade system. At present, medical management using antibiotic prophylaxis has become well established for managing patients with low-grade reflux (grades I-III). Moderate reflux (grade III-IV) could be managed by surgery in case of breakthrough infections. Recommendations regarding the diagnosis and medical management remain complex and are continuously evolving. More frequently than not, treating pediatricians and urologists would have to make decisions by individualizing each patient and considering the likelihood that patient's reflux will resolve.
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PMID:Vesicoureteral reflux: diagnosis and management. 1660 89

Vesicoureteral reflux, the abnormal flow of urine from the bladder into the ureter, is one of the most common congenital anomalies found in children. The association of vesicoureteral reflux with urinary tract infections and renal scarring has important clinical implications. New insights into pathogenesis and new surgical techniques are changing the approach to the management of this disorder.
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PMID:Vesicoureteral reflux. 1671 88

Vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR) is a urinary tract abnormality that affects roughly one-third of patients with renal-coloboma syndrome, an autosomal dominant condition caused by a mutation in PAX2. Here, we report that a mouse model with an identical mutation, the Pax2 1Neu+/- mouse, has a 30% incidence of VUR. In VUR, urine flows retrogradely from the bladder to the ureter and is associated with urinary tract infections, hypertension, and renal failure. The propensity to reflux in the Pax2 1Neu+/- mouse is correlated with a shortened intravesical ureter that has lost its oblique angle of entry into the bladder wall compared with wild-type mice. Normally, the kidney and urinary tract develop from the ureteric bud, which grows from a predetermined position on the mesonephric duct. In Pax2 1Neu+/- mice, this position is shifted caudally while surrounding metanephric mesenchyme markers remain unaffected. Mutant offspring from crosses between Pax2 1Neu+/- and Hoxb7/GFP+/- mice have delayed union of the ureter with the bladder and delayed separation of the ureter from the mesonephric duct. These events are not caused by a change in apoptosis within the developing urinary tract. Our results provide the first evidence that VUR may arise from a delay in urinary tract maturation and an explanation for the clinical observation that VUR resolves over time in some affected children.
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PMID:Vesico-ureteric reflux and urinary tract development in the Pax2 1Neu+/- mouse. 1788 63


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