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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The fine structure and distribution of the nerves in the submucosa of the middle part of the ureter were studied in the adult rat. As in the rabbit, the nerves were concentrated on the inner surface of the muscle and beneath the epithelium. The nerves beneath the epithelium were smaller than those on the surface of the muscle, but they were much more numerous. They gave off small branches which ran for only short distances in the subepithelial connective tissue before terminating. Axonal varicosities were common and almost all appeared to represent the terminals of a single type of axon. The varicosities contained clusters of clear vesicles and variable numbers of larger dense-cored vesicles. The dense-cored vesicles were unaffected by short-term treatment with 6-OHDA and in this and other respects compared well with those of the terminals classified by Burnstock (1972) as purinergic. The possibility that the axons are sensory, and are the source of impulses which are recognized as being painful in nature, is discussed.
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PMID:Ultrastructure of the submucous nerves of the rat ureter. 16 62

Pelviureteric varices are well-documented sequelae of renal vein thrombosis, but there have been only 10 prior reports of idiopathic renal vein varicosities. Herein we report 3 more cases and review the literature. Two thirds of the patients presented with hematuria; one-fourth had flank pain, and one-third had saphenous vein varicosities. Pyelographic findings include scalloped deformities of the upper ureter and pelvis with displacement and intraluminal filling defects. The diagnosis may be suspected from the excretory urogram, but venography is definitive. Excision and ligation of the varicose veins were curative in all but 3 patients who required nephrectomy for life-threatening hemorrhage.
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PMID:Idiopathic pelviureteric varices. 84 91

Hoyer-Grosser's organs were studied in human digital biopsies. The fine structure of both the supplying arteries and collecting veins was found to be inconspicuous. Endothelial cells in the AV canals form a continuous layer. They are characterized by their rich content of specific organelles (Weibel-Palade bodies), especially in the venous segments. The epitheloid zone is composed of a variety of ramified smooth muscle cells (RSM). These appear either dense, when well provided with bundles of myofilaments, or clear, when including only a few myofilaments. The nuclei of dense RSM show condensed chromatin, while those of clear RSM are larger with loose chromatin texture. In addition, all transitional forms occur. Cell organelles are rarely seen within all types of RSM. The cytoplasmic processes reach other as well as endothelial cells. The preservation of our material did not allow observation of specialized membrane contacts in these zones. All RSM are invested with a regular basal lamina and well provided with surface vesicles. Profiles of free basal lamina material and faint collagen (argyrophil) fibers are seen in the wide intercellular spaces. RSM poor in myofilaments are interpreted to represent "epitheloid cells" of light microscopy. Their number constantly decreases from the arterial segment of the AV canal to the venous segment. Here the cytoplasmic processes of RSM become less pronounced and the wall of the anastomotic segment continuously changes to that of the collecting vein. Dense RSM rich in myofilaments are compared with pacemaker cells found inthe ureter. Both internal and external elastic membranes are absent in AV canals. A dense network of unmyelinated nerve fibers is found in the adventitial layer of the AV canal, especially in its arterial segment. The axons branch out from small dermal nerves which also contain two or three myelinated axons. The myelin sheaths terminate where the axons reach the adventitia of the AV canals. Axon varicosities filled with mitochondria are thought to be terminals of myelinated axons and are interpreted as receptory. Axon varicosities with synaptic-type vesicles are assumed to be terminals of sympathetic and para sympathetic fibers. All axon profiles are confined to the adventitial layer of the anastomotic segment.
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PMID:The fine structure of human digital arterio-venous anastomoses (Hoyer-Grosser's organs). 86 21

Four cases are presented with clinical diagnosis of scrotal varicocele on the left side, and one case with ureter varices and left-sided haematuria as a result of compression of the left renal vein between the aorta and superior mesenteric artery (SMA), also known as "nutcracker phenomenon". The clinical signs and the radiological diagnostic methods of the condition are discussed.
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PMID:Left renal vein compression syndrome ("nutcracker phenomenon"). 254 50

After extensive review of literature concerning renal varices including suburothelial phlebectasia three cases of painless macrohematuria are recommended with unusual phlebographic findings: 1. a large renoiliac anastomosis combined with associated varices of the ureter, 2. a wide renohemazygal anastomosis draining nearly totally left renal venous blood into the vena cava superior, simultaneous existing varices of renal pelvis and ureter and 3. a persisting circumaortal ring. It is discussed whether phlebographic revealed renal varicosity is origin of bleeding in any case or bleeding may be caused eventually by associated suburothelial phlebectasia.
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PMID:[Renal phlebographic findings in painless macrohematuria]. 621 40

To determine the incidence of renal vein varices, an analysis of 132 consecutive renal venograms was performed. Varices were found in 8 patients (6%), always on the left side. Four were solitary, and four represented a dilated venous network adjacent to the renal pelvis and upper ureter. Only a single patient had hematuria attributed to renal vein varices. It is concluded that varices in association with hematuria cannot be assumed to be causative; they may equally well be incidental findings.
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PMID:Idiopathic renal vein varices: incidence and significance. 707 91

The neuropeptide- and catecholamine-synthesizing enzyme content and ultrastructure of the peri-ureteric ganglia of guinea-pigs were investigated. Small numbers of neuronal perikarya were present at frequent intervals forming ganglia close to, and along the entire length of, the ureter. Each of these ganglia was surrounded by a connective tissue capsule, and was located in the peri-ureteric connective tissues. Within each ganglion were typical nerve terminals and varicosities containing small, clear synaptic vesicles or synaptic vesicles with an electron-dense core, or a mixture of the two. In the ganglia, immunoreactivity to tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine beta hydroxylase, neuropeptide tyrosine, or vasoactive intestinal peptide was present in neuronal perikarya; immunoreactivity to substance P or leucine enkephalin was present in nerve terminals and varicosities. Electron-microscopic immunogold studies indicated that there was no coexistence of substance P and enkephalin in the nerve terminals, unlike related ganglia in the pelvis of guinea-pigs.
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PMID:An immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study of the peri-ureteric ganglia of the guinea-pig. 769 80

The nutcracker phenomenon consists in the compression of the left renal vein by the aortomesenteric clamp. This is an infrequent cause of haematuria. The present paper presents one case of nutcracker phenomenon showing haematuria after mild accidental lumbar bruising, with arteriographic diagnosis. CAT assessment showed a mark in the lumbar ureter as well as peripyelic and periureteral varices.
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PMID:[The nutcracker phenomenon: an infrequent cause of hematuria]. 799 14

1. The effects of circumferentially-applied stretch on the spontaneous contractility of a whole mount preparation of the guinea-pig upper urinary tract (UUT) (renal pelvis and ureter) were investigated by use of standard isometric tension recording techniques. 2. Simultaneous tension recordings of the proximal and distal portions of the renal pelvis (RP) and ureter revealed that spontaneous contractions, in 79% (n = 66) of preparations, originated in the proximal RP (at a frequency of 4.5 min(-1)) and propagated to the distal RP and ureter at a velocity of 1-3 cm s(-1). Pretreatment with tetrodotoxin (TTX) (3-10 microM) or N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (100 microM) had little effect on the spontaneous contractility of the UUT, motility indexes (MIs) (contraction amplitude x contraction frequency) calculated after 20 min exposure were little affected by TTX or N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG). Omega-conotoxin GVIA (100 nM) significantly reduced MI values in both the proximal RP and ureter. 3. Exposure of the spontaneously-active UUT to capsaicin (10 microM for 15 min) induced a transient increase in UUT contractility, followed by a prolonged negative inotropic effect. The MI values, calculated 60 min after the washout of capsaicin, for the proximal and distal RP and ureter were reduced to 56%, 53% (n = 18) and 61% (n = 16), respectively, of their control values. This capsaicin pretreatment blocked the positive inotropic effects of transmural electrical nerve stimulation on UUT contractility to reveal a small inhibitory effect which was readily blocked by tetrodotoxin (3 microM) (n = 3). The excitatory and inhibitory actions of nerve stimulation were both blocked by TTX (3 microM). 4. A second exposure to capsaicin (10 microM for 15 min), further reduced the MI values (calculated 60 min after washout) in the proximal and distal RP to 41% and 31%, respectively (n = 6; P<0.05), of the initial control values. 5. In 61% (n = 99) of preparations, the application of stretch to the proximal RP (0.5 to 2 mm) evoked a decrease in the amplitude of the contractions recorded in the distal RP, but not in the ureter. Stretch applied to the distal RP or ureter had no effect on the contractions recorded in the other regions of the UUT. 6. In 5 out of 6 preparations, a single application of capsaicin (10 microM for 15 min) had little effect on the change in contractile force of the distal RP evoked upon stretch of the proximal RP. 7. The inhibition of the distal RP upon stretch of the proximal RP was partially reduced (P<0.05) when the UUT was pretreated with the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist, hCGRP (8-37) (1 microM). 8. The application of the CGRP receptor agonist, hCGRP (100 nM) inhibited contractility in the UUT in a region dependent manner. The MI of the proximal RP was decreased 32% after 6 min; while the MIs of the distal RP and ureter were reduced 83% and 63%, respectively, within 5 min of the application of hCGRP. 9. Glibenclamide (1 microM) had little effect on the spontaneous contractility of the UUT, but significantly reduced the inhibition of the distal RP evoked upon stretch (0.5 to 2 mm) of the proximal RP. TTX (3-10 microM), L-NOARG (100 microM) or omega-conotoxin GVIA (100 nM) had little effect on the stretch-evoked inhibition of the distal RP. 10. It was concluded that circumferential stretch of the proximal RP inhibits the contractility of the distal RP and that a component of this inhibition involves the activation of a glibenclamide-sensitive mechanism via the release of endogenous CGRP, possibly from the varicosities of intramural sensory nerves.
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PMID:Stretch-evoked inhibition of spontaneous migrating contractions in a whole mount preparation of the guinea-pig upper urinary tract. 955 98

This article aims to explore the characteristics of computed tomography (CT) images of ovarian vein syndrome (OVS). The approval of the research ethics committee and the written informed consent of the patients were obtained. The CT images of 11 patients who had been diagnosed with OVS were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were examined with CT urogram, both plain CT scans and enhanced CT scans (including arterial phase, venous phase, and secretory phase). The datum was pulled into a computer workstation for post-processing. Ureteral obstruction at the position and ureteral dilation above it, where the ovarian vein crosses over the ureter, were found in all 11 patients. In addition, 4 patients presented with right upper ureteric calculi, 10 with right renal calculi (including 8 patients with multiple renal calculi that also had obvious uronephrosis), and 2 with a urinary calculus or cystolith. The diameter of the ovarian vein in them ranged from 5 mm to 13 mm. Varicose veins around the uterus were found in 2 patients, and the diameter of the left ovarian vein was larger than 7 mm in 1 patient.In conclusion, analysis of CT images is a vital method in diagnosing OVS.
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PMID:Diagnosis of ovarian vein syndrome (OVS) by computed tomography (CT) imaging: a retrospective study of 11 cases. 2510 88


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