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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An ectopic vaginal ureter is an uncommon cause of urinary incontinence. Most cases are associated with a duplex kidney where the orthotopic lower moiety ureter enters the bladder. The authors present a case of chronic, continuous low-grade urinary incontinence caused by the rare combination of a pelvic kidney and a single ectopic ureter draining into the vagina. This ectopic kidney was successfully removed laparoscopically. A review of the English-language literature showed this to be only the second reported case treated by laparoscopic nephrectomy.
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PMID:Laparascopic excision of pelvic kidney with single vaginal ectopic ureter. 985 6

The effectiveness of cysto-urethroscopy for the staging of cervical cancer was evaluated in a review of 412 cases of advanced squamous cell carcinoma referred to Kasturba Medical College Hospital (Manipal, India) in 1985-93. These cases were classified as follows: stage 3a (growth involving the lower third of the vagina without invasion of the pelvic wall), n = 19; stage 3b (invasion to the pelvic wall), n = 359; stage 4a (extension of disease to an adjacent organ), n = 17; and stage 4b (distal spread), n = 7. However, only 10 of the 378 stage-3 cases and 19 of the 24 stage-4 cases had histopathologically confirmed vesical mucosal involvement. All women underwent radiotherapy, regardless of the cystoscopic finding. Overall, this review suggests that cysto-urethroscopy is an unnecessary, cost-ineffective, invasive procedure that facilitates neither diagnosis nor treatment planning. Transvaginal sonography may be a preferable technique for evaluating vesical invasion, with use of cystoscopy reserved for endoscopic decompression of the obstructed ureter.
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PMID:Cystoscopic staging of carcinoma uterine cervix, revisited. 956 87

An 11-year-old girl presented with continuous incontinence since infancy. Neither intravenous pyelography nor renal scintigraphy demonstrated the left upper urinary tract, but a very small left kidney was detected close to the 3rd lumbar vertebrae on computed tomography (CT). After cystoscopy, the patient was diagnosed with ectopic vaginal ureter and hypoplastic kidney. Laparoscopic nephrectomy was performed. Before surgery, a ureteral occlusion catheter was inserted through the meatus which opened in the vagina. The catheter was very useful for locating the small kidney during surgery. The procedure was successful and the surgical duration was short (123 min.) with only slight hemorrhage (15 ml). The patient was able to attend school on the seventh postoperative day. We recommend laparoscopic surgery for the treatment of ectopic ureter.
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PMID:[A case of laparoscopic nephrectomy for ectopic vaginal ureter in a child]. 958 80

Human beta-defensin-1 (hBD-1) was first isolated from blood filtrate by our group. Further studies elucidate the significance of this peptide in the human urogenital tract. The hBD-1 gene is expressed in urogenital epithelial organs such as urinary bladder, ureter, vagina and particularly in distal tubular cells of the kidney. Functional characterization of hBD-1 was carried out with native hBD-1 purified from human body fluids. Several different N-terminally truncated variants derived from the 68-amino acid-containing precursor of hBD-1 occur in blood filtrate and in urine. The generation of these variants can be explained by digestion through a chymotrypsin-like protease. Unlike the alpha-defensins which are structurally related peptide antibiotics, our results indicate that native hBD-1 exhibits minor antimicrobial activity which is not related to the extension of the N-terminus. Only few microorganisms, for example bacilli, are significantly inhibited by hBD-1. Moreover, antibiotic activity is suppressed in solutions containing physiological sodium chloride concentrations. This is in contrast to previous reports assuming a pivotal role of hBD-1 in antimicrobial host defense. In contrast to its weak antimicrobial activity, it is shown that hBD-1 has a strong cytotoxic potential towards mammalian cells like NIH-3T3 fibroblasts. We assume that this property might be important during eradicative processes at epithelia in particular when the synthesis rate of this peptide is upregulated.
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PMID:Human beta-defensin-1: A urinary peptide present in variant molecular forms and its putative functional implication. 968 27

The evidence for release of vasoactive substances from endothelial cells in response to shear stress caused by the viscous drag of passing fluids is reviewed and, in particular, its physiological significance both in short-term regulation of blood vessel tone and in long-term regulation of cell growth, differentiation, proliferation, and cell death in pathophysiological conditions is discussed. A new concept of purinergic mechanosensory transduction, particularly in relation to nociception, is introduced. It is proposed that distension of tubes (including ureter, vagina, salivary and bile ducts, gut) and sacs (including urinary and gall bladders, and lung) leads to release of ATP from the lining epithelium, which then acts on P2X2/3 receptors on subepithelial sensory nerves to convey information to the CNS.
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PMID:Release of vasoactive substances from endothelial cells by shear stress and purinergic mechanosensory transduction. 1038 71

Though the first mammalian chimera was reported in 1961, suitable markers for different animal strains which are easily detectable in histological sections of all or most organs have not existed. Chimeric mice were produced having an excellent histological marker, the C3H antigen, which is strain-specific and fulfills all the criteria for an ideal strain-specific histological marker. Using male and female C3H-Balb/c chimeric mice we examined epithelial cells of urogenital organs and their morphological or functional units, such as the glomerulus, to determine whether individual organs and their morphological subunits were monoclonal or polyclonal in origin. We found that the epithelial parenchyma of most male and female urogenital organs (the prostate, seminal vesicle, epididymis, ovaries, vagina, kidney, ureter and bladder) and their morphological subdivisions were derived from cells of both input strains, indicating a polyclonal origin for each organ and/or organ component. A notable exception was the uterus in which all individual uterine glands examined (n = 403) were found to be either entirely Balb/c or entirely C3H, indicating a monoclonal origin. The clonality of urogenital structures is discussed in terms of the morphogenesis of the urogenital system.
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PMID:Clonality of urogenital organs as determined by analysis of chimeric mice. 1051 18

A case of a single ectopic vaginal ureter in a 6-year-old girl with urinary incontinence is reported. Excretory urography and renal sonography failed to visualize the dysplastic kidney, but enhanced computed tomography clearly demonstrated a poorly functioning hypoplastic kidney, ectopic ureter and vagina filled with contrast medium.
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PMID:Single ectopic vaginal ureter diagnosed by computed tomography. 1059 8

The expression and function of thrombomodulin (TM), an endothelial cofactor protein for thrombin-mediated protein C activation, in the epithelium are not fully characterized. This report describes the distribution and localization of TM in the various types of epithelia in the rat by light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. TM showed a limited distribution and was expressed by the keratinizing stratified epithelia of the skin, tongue, and esophagus, but was not present on the non-keratinizing epithelia of the vagina, ureter, trachea, stomach, or gut. An identical pattern of TM expression was seen in mucocutaneous junctions, transitional zones from a non-keratinizing stratified epithelium to a keratinizing epithelium at the edge of the eyelid and in the anal canal. As the keratinization of the stratified epithelia proceeded, the staining intensity increased in the transitional zones. Within the keratinizing stratified epithelia, TM staining was limited to the keratinocytes of the spinous layer, the spinous cells. The subcellular localization of TM on the spinous cells was restricted to the plasma membrane facing the intercellular spaces. TM was not detectable on the desmosomes or the two membranes making up the junction, presumably the nexus. The functional significance of TM in keratinizing epithelia is discussed.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical localization of thrombomodulin in the stratified epithelium of the rat is restricted to the keratinizing epidermis. 1065 Oct 93

We report here a rare case of caudal regression syndrome associated with an intraspinal arachnoid cyst. The patient was a 6-month-old baby girl with multicomplex congenital abnormalities: sacrococcygeal dysgenesis and ventral curvature, large terminal cyst (myelocystocele), spinal arachnoid cyst, cerebellar hypertrophy (suspected), high imperforate anus, partial dysgenesis of the large intestine, omphalocele, atresia of the vagina, bilateral incomplete ureter duplication, incomplete pseudoduplicated bladder and bilateral talipes equinovarus. We performed plastic repair of the myelocystocele and perineal lesion for caudal regression syndrome and partial removal of the cyst wall for the intraspinal arachnoid cyst. She has been well for 3 years postoperatively, and her mental development is normal.
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PMID:A case report of caudal regression syndrome associated with an intraspinal arachnoid cyst. 1070 31

Rhabdomyosarcoma is a malignant tumor well known to urologists. These tumors arise from the genitourinary system in 20% to 25% of cases, most commonly from the bladder, prostate, vagina, and paratesticular region. This is the first reported case of a rhabdomyosarcoma arising from the ureter. The radiographic findings and ureteroscopic appearance of this tumor suggested a benign fibroepithelial polyp; however, a ureteroscopic biopsy and subsequent nephroureterectomy revealed an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma.
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PMID:Ureteral rhabdomyosarcoma. 1075 39


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