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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Over a period of thirteen years in 28 children (age 4 weeks to 11 years) mucosal membranes of the proximal ureter were diagnosed by intravenous urography. In 61% of all cases the anomalies were demonstrated within the first year of life. Predominantly boys were affected (75%). Most of the associated anomalies (n = 15) were related to the urogenital system (n = 7). The membranes were bilateral in 12 cases and either separate (n = 15) or multiple (n = 25), resulting in a cork-screw-like structure. Minor signs of obstruction of the corresponding renal pelvis were found in 45%, independent of the number of membranes. Urinary tract infection (UTI) occurred in half of all cases. Kidney length was not reduced in any child. The mean serum creatinin (SCR) level was 0.6 +/- 0.4 mg/dl. Surgical correction was never performed. The clinical follow-up investigation (n = 14) after a mean period of 5.1 (1-14) years revealed recurrent UTI in only 2 patients. The mean SCR level remained normal (0.5 +/- 0.3 mg/dl). The tendency of involution of the membranes, supposed by the clinically benign course, is demonstrated to serve as an example. Although a predisposing effect to UTI cannot be excluded, ureteral membranes must be regarded as harmless and transitory anomalies of the growing ureter in childhood which do not require urologic intervention.
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PMID:[Fold formations in the proximal ureter]. 672 87

Experimental models of urinary tract infection caused by a group D Streptococcus sp. in rabbits are described: retrograde pyelonephritis was induced by injecting 10(9) group D streptococci into the renal pelvis and obstructing the ureter by ligature for 24 h; cystitis was induced by injecting 5.10(9) group D streptococci through a transurethral catheter. The animals were observed for 3 months. Microbiological data from the urine and from the renal parenchyma were well correlated in 12 of 14 animals. A hemagglutination test for titration of serum antibodies in these infected rabbits is described. Before the beginning of experimentation, hemagglutination titers for all animals were below 160. During experimentation, titers for rabbits with cystitis were always below 640; in those with pyelonephritis, the highest titer was much greater than 640. These results show a positive correlation between serum antibody levels and the localization of urinary tract infection.
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PMID:Experimental retrograde pyelonephritis and cystitis induced in rabbits by a group D Streptococcus sp.: serum antibody assay by a hemagglutination test. 679 14

Fifty children with urinary stones have been reviewed. Most stones were found in boys and there was a peak incidence in the first year of life. Urinary infection was present in 80% and haematuria was the presenting symptom in more than a quarter. Congenital metabolic abnormalities were rare but primary non-refluxing wide ureter was present in 10%. The adult intravenous urogram pattern of acute ureteric obstruction was not seen. The importance of bringing a child back for repeat control films after a drink in order to detect all the stones is stressed.
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PMID:The radiology of renal stones in children. 682 38

A partial obstruction of 1 ureter was created in newborn rats and its effects were studied in the adult rat. The obstructed pelvis was found to be considerably enlarged. Nevertheless, the GFR (glomerular filtration rate) was only slightly decreased (10 per cent), completely compensated by increase on the contralateral, non-obstructed side. The reduction in GFR was less than the reduction in number of glomeruli (19 per cent), indicating a raised filtration rate per glomerulus. Water excretion was slightly increased and potassium excretion moderately decreased; sodium and osmolar excretion were not significantly affected. There was no correlation between these changes and the degree of pelvic enlargement. Thus, in this model, in which there is no urinary tract infection or pyelonephritis, partial obstructive uropathy caused less damage to the kidney function than might have been expected.
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PMID:Experimental obstructive hydronephrosis in newborn rats. III. Long-term effects on renal function. 683 22

A well-differentiated papillary adenocarcinoma developed in a ureteral stump thirty-six years after nephrectomy and was associated with a combined transitional-epidermoid carcinoma in the urinary bladder. Carcinoma in a ureteral stump is not uncommon and should be suspected in patients with a ureteral stump and hematuria. The very rare adenocarcinoma of the ureter is typically papillary and is associated with urinary tract infection and stones. At present successful treatment requires the early identification and extirpation of the ureteral tumor and consideration of associated cancer elsewhere in the urinary tract.
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PMID:Papillary adenocarcinoma of ureter. 705 16

Ureteral strictures are serious and frequent complications of chronic bilharziasis of the urinary tract are seen. To determine which corrective surgical procedures are most successful, we compared the results of those most commonly done. We retrospectively analyzed our experience with mucosa to mucosa ureterovesical anastomosis (68 ureters), transvesical ureteral meatotomy (30 ureters) are submucosal tunnel ureteroneocystostomy, (UNC; 10 ureters). Complete follow-up data are available for 102 patients (108 ureters); half of these cases were followed for 4 years or even more. It is to be noted that, in our series, only 10 ureters were suitable for submucosal tunnel anastomosis: bilharzial ureters are usually fibrotic, noncompressible, and the vesical mucosa is adherent to the muscular layer - which renders creation of a tunnel difficult or impossible. However, this procedure produced the best results. The conclusion was reached that, whenever possible, antireflux procedures suitable for the bilharzial bladder and ureter should be attempted. Based on this analysis, a prospective clinical trial was carried out, which compared Boari flap UNC (30 ureters), triangular flap ureterovesicoplasty of Girgis et al. (30 ureters), and ileal loop replacement of the pathologic segment (30 ureters). The average period of follow-up was 20 months. Triangular flap and Boari flap were found to be superior to ileal replacement. Ileal replacement is consistently followed by vesicoileal reflux and commonly by persistent urinary tract infection. In consequence, the latter operation must be reserved for cases with extensive ureteral loss or destruction. Antireflux procedures still remain the most desirable methods whenever technically possible.
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PMID:Management of bilharzial strictures of the lower ureter. 711 57

Sixty-eight children (ages ranging from 5 months to 16 years) with urolithiasis were treated between 1966 and 1979. There were 36 females (53%) and 32 males (47%). Sixteen children (24%) had associated urinary tract infection; 4 out of these (6%) presented with urinary tract malformation. Fifty-five calculi (89%) were found in the upper urinary tract (kidney and ureter); 24 of the chemically studied calculi (80%) were made of calcium salts. In 30 children, metabolic investigations were carried out, leading to the discovery of hypercalciuria in 17 (57%). In one patient, important vesico-ureteral reflux associated with urolithiasis led to renal failure.
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PMID:[Urolithiasis in Isreali children (author's transl)]. 723 27

The diagnosis of ureteral ectopia may be suspected in the girl who wets constantly or in the young boy with epididymitis. More commonly, however, the diagnosis is made during evaluation of the child with urinary tract infection. The ectopic ureter is most often associated with a poorly functioning dysplastic upper pole of a duplex collecting system and in this instance it is best managed by upper pole heminephrectomy and partial ureterectomy. When associated with a single collecting system, ureteral reimplantation can often be performed if salvageable function is demonstrated by a preoperative renal scan. Based on our experience with 48 ectopic ureters in 41 children operated on during the last 11 years, the correlation of the diagnostic findings and surgical approaches to this entity are discussed.
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PMID:Ureteral ectopia in infants and children. 726 68

In children more than one year old the growth rate of the renal parenchyma is delayed if the kidney has a large reflux-ureter and is exposed to urinary tract infection. The growth rate of the parenchyma is normal, if the kidney has a large reflux-ureter but no infection. However, since moderate reduction of the renal parenchyma is often observed in patients with large reflux-ureter but without a history of urinary tract infection, it is concluded that a large reflux may cause back pressure injury on the kidney during infancy but, in children more than one year old, will cause renal growth retardation and renal scarring only be predisposing to pyelonephritis.
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PMID:Long-time effect of large vesicoureteral reflux with or without urinary tract infection. 730 56

Urinary tract infection by Staphylococcus saprophyticus was provoked in two female grivet monkeys. A non-hemagglutinating strain of S. saprophyticus was injected into the renal pelvis of one of the animals (monkey I), while in the other (monkey II), a hemagglutinating strain of the same species was inoculated into the bladder by suprapubic puncture. In monkey I, massive hematuria and proteinuria were demonstrated during the post-inoculation (p.i.) week, after which the monkey was killed. In monkey II, which was killed after 2 weeks, hematuria and proteinuria were present during the first 5 p.i. days. In both monkeys, S. saprophyticus was isolated in numbers < 10(5) bacteria/ml bladder urine on each p.i. day. Autopsy of monkey I revealed acute pyelonephritis and inflammatory changes in the ureter on the same side on which S. saprophyticus had been inoculated. In monkey II, both kidneys were enlarged and there were signs of acute pyelonephritis. The histopathological examination revealed microabscesses, interstitial infiltration and numerous leukocytes in the tubules. Both the ureters of monkey II were congested and microscopically an acute inflammatory reaction was found. Inflammatory signs were also present in the bladder. Scanning electron microscopy revealed cocci adhering to the epithelial lining of the urinary tract.
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PMID:Experimental acute pyelonephritis in grivet monkeys, provoked by Staphylococcus saprophyticus. 741 43


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