Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eleven patients (8 male) with idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis (IRPF) were reviewed. The mean age of the patients was 44 years. Five patients (group 1) who had moderate obstruction were treated only by steroids. Six patients (group 2) who presented with severe obstructive uropathy (and/or serious metabolic disturbances) were treated with a combination of surgery and steroid administration. Unilateral or bilateral ureterolysis was performed in 5 patients. It was associated with nephrostomy in 2 cases and intraperitoneal disposition of the ureters in 1 case. Left nephrostomy without ureterolysis was performed in 1 patient. The mean follow-up period was 5.5 years (5 months to 20 years). All patients of group 1 now have normal renal function. In 5 patients of group 2, renal function improved significantly after operation; one of them was started on regular dialysis 16 years later. In another patient, IRPF recurred in the ureter of a living related renal graft 6 months after transplantation. In conclusion, steroid treatment alone offers a long-term survival in patients with IRPF of moderate severity. Combined treatment must be recommended for patients who present with severe obstruction and advanced uremia.
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PMID:Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis: a long-term follow-up study. 367 3

Six patients with a history of bladder carcinoma and a radiographic filling defect of the pelvicaliceal system have been investigated or treated percutaneously. In two cases of doubtful diagnosis, percutaneous pyeloscopy showed that no pelvicaliceal tumour was present. In four patients with multifocal or recurrent transitional cell carcinoma and difficult clinical problems, intrarenal tumours were cauterised or resected percutaneously. Radioactive iridium wire (192Ir) was inserted into the surgical track to deliver prophylactic irradiation (4500 cGy) to prevent tumour seeding. Follow-up was from 7 to 36 months. One operated patient developed early wide-spread multifocal disease throughout the urothelium, including the operated kidney, and died of uraemia. The other three patients have shown no recurrence in the operated kidney, though two have developed recurrences in the bladder or ureter. There have been no track recurrences.
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PMID:Percutaneous renal surgery and local radiotherapy in the management of renal pelvic transitional cell carcinoma. 371 42

The urological treatment and analysis of 23 patients with urological disorders after gynecological operation during the past three years were studied. Primary trauma of ureter, bladder and other urological organs that was caused by gynecological operation occurred in 6 cases (26%) consisting of 3 malignant tumor cases, and 3 benign tumor cases. Injured organs were 4 cases of ureter and 2 cases of bladder. Reconstruction of ureter and ureterovesical implantation were performed to all those patients except one who suffered from schizophrenia, and these operations brought favorable results. Secondary trauma that caused urological disorder after gynecological operation was found in 17 cases (74%), all of which were induced by radical operation against malignant tumors. The symptoms were uremia, abdominal pain, vesicovaginal fistula, severe bladder bleeding with poor general condition. In most cases, uretero-cutaneostomy was performed as emergency measures, and recontruction of ureter was possible in 3 cases. It is presumed that urological operation for secondary damage is favorable, since only one patient died of uremia.
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PMID:[Urological analysis of treatment and survival after gynecological operation:study of 23 cases]. 399 96

Electron microscopic studies on the dynamics of changes in the epithelial cells and some elements of the intestinal mucosal lamina propria were performed on rats after bilateral high ureter ligation. Simultaneously, they were referred to blood serum biochemical and electrolyte disturbances. The ultrastructural changes indicate that as early as in the initial period of acute uraemia water-electrolyte disturbances become evident, which are still increasing. In the later period cell organelles alter and bacterial infection sets in. Ultrastructural abnormalities of the intestinal mucous membrane are increasing proportionally to biochemical and electrolyte disturbances of the blood serum.
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PMID:Ultrastructure of the epithelial cells of the small intestinal villi, the surface epithelium of the large intestinal mucosa and some elements of the intestinal mucosal lamina propria in rats with acute uraemia. 402 63

The role of the kidney in the catabolism of Bence Jones proteins, intact IgG molecules, and isolated L chains, Fab and Fc fragments of IgG, was studied. The proteins were purified, radioiodinated, and their survival times measured in nephrectomized, ureter-severed, and control mice. Active endogenous catabolism was the major factor in overall Bence Jones metabolism since excretion as proteinuria accounted for less than 25% of the total metabolism. The survival times of lambda- and kappa-type human Bence Jones proteins and the Bence Jones protein produced by mice with MPC-2 plasma cell tumor were exceedingly short in both unoperated and ureter-severed mice, with 50% of the injected protein catabolized in from 0.8-1.6 hr. In contrast, the survival of Bence Jones protein was markedly prolonged in nephrectomized animals, with 50% of the injected dose catabolized in from 9 to 17 hr. This ten-fold decrease in catabolic rate indicates that the kidneys are the major site of breakdown of Bence Jones proteins. Similar studies with other proteins indicated that the kidneys are also the major site for catabolism of isolated L chains but not of intact IgG molecules. The Fc immunoglobulin fragment was not catabolized and the Fab fragment only partially catabolized by the kidney. When ureter-severed animals were allowed to develop advanced uremia before being studied, the survival of Bence Jones protein was greatly prolonged, indicating that the catabolic process is impaired in the presence of uremia. The nature of this renal catabolism remains unknown. These observations suggest that the Bence Jones proteins and L chains observed in the urine of patients may reflect only a small fraction of such molecules synthesized by these patients. Furthermore, they provide an explanation for the prolongation of Bence Jones protein survival and the development of Bence Jones proteinemia observed in subjects with multiple myeloma and impaired renal function.
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PMID:The role of the kidney in the catabolism of Bence Jones proteins and immunoglobulin fragments. 416 39

Hepatocytes isolated from livers of rats with various models of acute uremia (binephrectomy, ureter ligation, uranyl nitrate-induced, or ischemic ARF) were incubated with glucagon, adrenalin, or cyclic AMP using serine as a substrate. A marked increase in glucose production was observed in the hepatocytes of uranyl nitrate-treated, binephrectomized, and ureter-ligated rats compared to starved controls or sham-operated animals. This effect was strengthened in the presence of glucagon, adrenaline, or cyclic AMP. In liver cells of binephrectomized and ureter-ligated animals, the production of acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate was significantly higher than in controls and sham-operated rats. Oxoglutarate and ATP production was only enhanced after ureter ligation. The correlation between glucose concentration and the cytosolic redox state was different in control and sham-operated rats than in either uremic group. This study confirms earlier investigations of a key role of serine in carbohydrate metabolism in acutely uremic rats.
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PMID:Effect of serine on gluconeogenic ability of hepatocytes in acute uremia. 633 Apr 26

Nine patients with retroperitoneal fibrosis were reviewed. All patients had idiopathic disease, bilateral in eight patients. An IVP on admission was normal in only one of 17 kidneys with delayed excretion in seven. The upper urinary tract was dilated in eight kidneys and no excretion of contrast medium was seen in four; another four kidneys were not examined by IVP because of uremia. Surgical alleviation of ureteric obstruction was carried out by ureterolysis alone (2 ureters), ureterolysis and lateral displacement of the ureter (2 ureters), ureterolysis and neoimplantation into the bladder (2 ureters), ureterolysis and intraperitonealization (2 ureters), and ureterolysis and omental wrap (7 ureters). After surgery, an IVP showed normal excretion in six of the seven kidneys with delayed excretion preoperatively. Two of the four preoperatively nonfunctioning kidneys also showed normal excretion at IVP. Of the four kidneys not preoperatively examined by IVP because of uremia two showed a normal excretion on postoperative IVP. Two ureters developed recurrent obstruction and required additional surgery whereas 10 ureters remained unobstructed in the follow-up period of 26-89 months. Our experience suggests that complete and extensive ureterolysis combined with omental wrapping gives the best results on a long-term basis.
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PMID:Surgical alleviation of ureteric obstruction in idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis. An analysis of 9 cases. 650 46

Based on 10 own cases during the past 12 years, and a review of the literature, the subject is divided into classification and correlations, morbidity, aetiology, traumatogenesis and pathomechanisms, pathological anatomy and physiology, diagnostical pathways, therapy and results. There are closed and open injuries of the ureter, isolated and combined ones, and among the latter, combined related and not related. This injury is rare in general; in overseas countries, more often the open and in Central Europe, mostly the closed trauma can be seen. The indirect rupture of the ureter happens by hyperlordosis, the direct rupture by wheel lesion. The prevalence of youth for the indirect mechanism of the injury is explained by the hyperextensibility of the lumbar region in juveniles. Usually, the rupture is located proximally, a distal rupture (pelvic fracture) is an exception. Criteria of the closed injury are urinoma within Gerota's fascia and local resorption, later infection or urosepsis. The open injury is marked additionally by abdominal resorption of urine, followed by uremia and peritonitis. Delayed diagnosis is common, as the trauma causes few symptoms initially. Further, it is often obscured by concomitant injuries. For therapy, the rupture must be closed operatively by suture and splint. The operative approach follows usually the lumbar, but in cases of concomitant abdominal injury the abdominal route. Loss of kidney occurs in 20% and lethal outcome in 10%.
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PMID:[Injuries of the ureter caused by external force]. 653 14

The effect of unilateral nephrectomy, bilateral nephrectomy, or ureter ligation on the proportion of small acetylcholinesterase-positive (SAChE+) cells was determined in the marrow of rats that were made acutely thrombocytopenic by an injection of platelet specific antiserum (APS). APS caused significant increases (P less than 0.025-P less than 0.005) in the percentages of SAChE+ cells in the marrow of rats except in those rats that had been subjected to bilateral nephrectomy. Bilaterally nephrectomized rats not only failed to show increased numbers of SAChE+ cells after being made thrombocytopenic but other anephric rats that were not given APS had decreased percentages of SAChE+ cells (P less than 0.005) when compared to untreated control rats. This finding indicates the importance of the kidney in the day-to-day production of a thrombocytopoiesis-stimulating factor (TSF) for the maintenance of SAChE+ cells. Unilateral nephrectomy and ligation of the ureters had little effect on altering the percentages of SAChE+ cells, suggesting that surgical stress and uremia do not interfere in the release and action of TSF. This study confirms previous work that the kidney is required for the production of TSF.
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PMID:Nephrectomy abolishes the increase in small acetylcholinesterase-positive immature rat megakaryocytes induced by acute thrombocytopenia. 663 1

Binephrectomized rats treated with high doses of ketoleucine (0.5 g/rat per 20 hr) expired after about 45 hr. In contrast, survival time was 100% 60 hr after ureteral ligation. In comparison to animals receiving low-protein diets, addition of leucine to the diet almost doubled muscle and liver protein content whereas ketoleucine increased liver protein during the first 40 hr after operation about 1.5-fold. Skeletal muscle protein content was enhanced in the ureter-ligated rats with administration of ketoleucine. There was also about a 10-fold elevation in liver glycogen and total carbohydrate content between the 20th and 60th hr in binephrectomized rats fed leucine at 5-hr intervals. In skeletal muscle glycogen, there were no significant differences among the acutely uremic rats fed at 10-hr intervals low-protein diets alone or supplemented with leucine or ketoleucine. Leucine inhibits glycogenolysis by lowering phosphorylase alpha activity in muscle and liver, whereas ketoleucine enhances glycogenolysis in acute uremia. In rats supplemented with letoleucine, there is a progressive inactivation of glycogen synthetase I which occurs in parallel with increasing phosphorylase alpha activity. In binephrectomized rats receiving leucine supplements at 5-hr feeding intervals, the activity of liver glycogen synthetase I increases up to a maximum of 90% of total enzyme activity.
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PMID:Effects of high doses of leucine and ketoleucine on glycogen and protein metabolism in acute uremia. 677 10


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