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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The correlation between cell killing and the induction of micro-nuclei was studied for three cell lines after treatment with gamma radiation to investigate whether the frequency of micro-nucleated cells can be used to determine the radiation sensitivity of a cell type. R1 rat rhabdomyosarcoma cells showed a higher sensitivity for the induction of proliferative death than RUC rat ureter carcinoma cells and V79 Chinese hamster cells which had a similar radiation sensitivity. The frequencies of micro-nucleated cells were measured at 48 hours after the treatment. It was determined by time-lapse cinematography that almost all the cells in the treated cultures had divided at that time. Our results indicate that for these cell lines the correlation between the effectiveness for cell killing and the induction of micro-nuclei was the same, within the experimental errors.
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PMID:Comparison of radiation sensitivity for three cell lines as measured by the cloning assay and the micro-nucleus test. 226 14

Two rat tumor cell lines which differ significantly in radiosensitivity, a rhabdomyosarcoma (R-1) and a ureter carcinoma (RUC-2), were treated with multiple fractions per day and low-dose-rate gamma radiation. The purpose of these experiments was to investigate (i) the influence of fraction size and interfraction interval on repair of sublethal damage (SD) and (ii) whether low-dose-rate irradiation can be simulated by giving multiple fractions per day which might be applied in clinical treatments. In both cell lines, multiple doses were given at 1- to 4-hr intervals. SD repair was at a maximum in 2 hr but did not reach the theoretically expected level. For both cell lines, survival at higher total doses was different from that theoretically expected if repair of SD was assumed to be completed and at the maximum level. To account for the observation that less than complete repair of SD occurred, theoretical survival curves were calculated with the assumption of a constant but less than 100% level of SD repair. Experimental data correlated well with these calculated curves. There were only very small differences in survival after the different multiple fractions per day regimens. Survival after irradiation at a dose rate of 1.00 Gy/hr was found to be similar to that after multiple fractions per day.
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PMID:Analysis of cell survival after multiple fractions per day and low-dose-rate irradiation of two in vitro cultured rat tumor cell lines. 404 93

Childhood gynecologic problems are different from adult problems in physiology, disease, psychology, evaluation and management. The most common is vulvovaginitis. The child is susceptible to vulvovaginitis because of a relatively exposed vulva, a thin vaginal wall and poor hygiene. Additional problems are heat and moisture, clothing, coverings and possible sexual abuse. Most vulvovaginitis is primary, nonspecific vulvitis with secondary vaginitis. It is set off by poor hygiene and responds to keeping the vulva clean, cool and dry. Persistent or recurrent vulvovaginitis may be due to a variety of causes, including vulvar skin disease, a foreign body in the vagina, primary vaginitis, ectopic ureter and rhabdomyosarcoma. Vaginoscopy is indicated for recurrent vulvovaginitis or bleeding and for suspicion of a foreign body, neoplasm or congenital anomaly. The extent of evaluation depends on the anxiety of the child versus the extent of the problem, and therefore individualization is required.
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PMID:Pediatric vulvovaginitis. 674 69

Only about 2% of the urinary tract are not of urothelial origin. Our knowledge of their morphology and biology is mainly based on single case reports, and therefore apart from a few exceptions very poor. Generally, the most often affected site is the urinary bladder (79.2%), followed by the urethra (12.7%), pelvis (4.9%) and ureter (3.2%). The urinary bladder also is the only organ in which all different histological types of these tumors were described. According to their histogenesis non-urothelial tumors (NUT) can be classified by the following main groups: soft tissue tumors, mixed epithelial and non epithelial tumors (carcinosarcomas), neuroendocrine carcinomas, carcinoids, malignant lymphomas, malignant melanomas and extragonadal germ cell tumors. Moreover some very interesting tumor-like lesions, like malakoplakia and inflammatory pseudosarcoma, mainly occur in this region. About 75% of all NUT of the urinary tract belong to the soft tissue tumors. Rhabdomyosarcomas in children and leiomyomas and -myosarcomas in adults are the more frequent histological types. Leiomyosarcomas can easily be confused with other tumor types or even with inflammatory pseudotumors. The use of immunohistochemistry to achieve a correct diagnosis is mandatory but not always successful. A relatively frequent tumor occurring in the bladder of young adults is the paraganglioma (pheochromocytoma), which usually produces typical symptoms of catecholamine excess. Carcinosarcomas of the urinary bladder contain both epithelial and mesenchymal components. They have to be distinguished from collision tumors (coexistent but separate carcinoma and sarcoma), spindle cell transitional carcinomas as well as from carcinomas with osseous or cartilaginous metaplasia. Carcinoids and neuroendocrine carcinomas developed from the neuroendocrine cells scattered all over the transitional epithelium of the bladder. Neuroendocrine carcinomas of the bladder are also called "oat cell carcinomas" since they show the same histological features and immunoreactivity as the oat cell carcinomas of the lung. They share also the same poor prognosis. The affection of the urinary tract in generalized malignant lymphomas and leukemias occur in more than 30% of cases. Lymphomas, primarily localised in the urinary bladder are, however, extremely rare. The most frequent ones are low grade non Hodgkin lymphomas, although 3 cases of Hodgkin disease and a few cases of primary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the bladder have been reported, too.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Non-urothelial tumors of the urinary tract]. 751 Dec 78

In in vivo allogeneic bone marrow transplantation studies with the Brown Norway (BN) rat as recipient and the WAG/Rij rat as allogeneic donor a significant graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect is observed. Studies were performed to investigate whether lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells play a role in this GVL effect. Splenocytes from WAG/Rij and BN rats were activated in vitro by recombinant human interleukin-2 (rhIL-2) for 5-6 days. The cytolytic activity of these LAK cells was tested on four rat solid tumor cell lines, i.e. an ureter carcinoma, a rhabdomyosarcoma, and two lung tumors, and on leukemic cells derived from the BN rat acute myelocytic leukemia (BNML) and the WAG/Rij acute lymphocytic leukemia (L4415). The panel of target cells also included the murine cell lines P815 and YAC. Both WAG/Rij and BN LAK cells were not capable of lysing the leukemic cells in contrast to significant cytolytic activity on the rat solid tumor cell lines and P815 and YAC. BNML cells showed to be resistant to lysis by human NK cells. Phenotypical analysis of the rat LAK population revealed a decrease in the CD4/CD8 ratio compared to the unstimulated splenocyte population. Rat LAK cells displayed no antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) on the leukemic cells, whereas IL-2-stimulated human peripheral blood cells showed moderate ADCC activity on the leukemic cells. To investigate whether cytokines play a role in lysis of leukemic target cells, graded numbers of LAK cells and leukemic cells were co-cultivated for seven days in an agar-based colony culture system. This resulted in moderate suppression of leukemic colony formation. From the current in vitro studies it appears that the graft-versus-leukemia observed in in vivo allogeneic bone marrow transplantation studies is probably not due to a direct leukemic cell kill by LAK cells.
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PMID:In vitro resistance of the brown Norway rat acute myelocytic leukemia (BNML) to lymphokine-activated killer activity. 848 27

Rhabdomyosarcoma is a malignant tumor well known to urologists. These tumors arise from the genitourinary system in 20% to 25% of cases, most commonly from the bladder, prostate, vagina, and paratesticular region. This is the first reported case of a rhabdomyosarcoma arising from the ureter. The radiographic findings and ureteroscopic appearance of this tumor suggested a benign fibroepithelial polyp; however, a ureteroscopic biopsy and subsequent nephroureterectomy revealed an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma.
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PMID:Ureteral rhabdomyosarcoma. 1075 39

Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, botryoid variant, is a malignant tumor that usually arises in the urinary bladder and other mucosal sites. This is a case of a 4-year-old girl presenting with a mass initially thought to arise within the urinary bladder. Macroscopic and microscopic examination proved that this botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma had its origin within the left ureter.
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PMID:Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma arising in the ureter. 1856 85

Leiomyosarcoma is a rarely seen neoplasm of the ureter, with less than 20 cases being reported in the literature to date. It is important to distinguish leiomyosarcoma from rhabdomyosarcoma, with the aid of immunohistochemical markers. We report the clinical features, histology, imaging and treatment of ureteral leiomyosarcoma in a female patient.
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PMID:Primary leiomyosarcoma of the ureter. 1901 Jul 61

The patient was a 34-year-old man presenting with the right intra-scrotal painless mass. With a diagnosis of right intrascrotal tumor, the patient underwent right high orchiectomy. The pathological diagnosis of pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma arisen from the right spermatic cord was made. Computed tomography revealed a single metastasis in the para-vena cava lymph node. Systemic chemotherapy with vincristine, actinomycin D, plus cyclophosphamide (VAC therapy), and etoposide plus cisplatin (EP therapy) were made according to Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS)-IV Regimen 45. But the chemotherapy was ineffective and a retoroperitoneal lymphadenectomy (RPLND) was therefore performed. After 3 months following RPLND, the tumor relapsed in a pelvic lymph node involved in right ureter and ileocaecal valve. Resection of the tumor with ileocaecum was performed and then intraoperative radiotherapy (15 Gy) against the tumor bed was performed to ensure the curative effects. After his recovery, he received a total of 6 courses of systemic chemotherapy consisting of vincristin, ifosphamide, etoposide (IRS-IV Regimen 47). The patient was rigorously followed up for 42 months after the final chemotherapy, with no tumor recurrence.
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PMID:[Intrascrotal rhabdomyosarcoma in adult: a case report]. 1951 77

We report on a rare case of botryoid Wilms tumor extending into the duodenum. This uncommon macroscopic form of nephroblastoma consists entirely of a polypoid renal intrapelvic mass. The main differential diagnosis of this unusual tumor is botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma. A 14-month-old boy presented with a painful abdominal mass. Radiology revealed a large heterogeneous mass in the renal calyx, protruding into the ureter. A right radical nephroureterectomy was carried out. The tumor was found to extend into the 2nd portion of the duodenum. The pathologic diagnosis was mixed type nephroblastoma, SIOP 2001 stage III. The patient was given a course of postoperative chemotherapy. No local recurrence or metastatic spread has been detected after 2 years. Only few such cases have been previously reported, some of them extending into the bladder. To our knowledge, botryoid nephroblastoma has not previously been described as extending into the digestive system.
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PMID:[Botryoid Wilms tumor extending into the duodenum]. 2094 55


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