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Query: UMLS:C0403608 (ureter)
 9,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The phenomenon of ureteral regeneration has been of interest to clinicians, anatomists, and physiologists for many years. The object of this investigation was to study the regeneration of a long pedicle graft of ureter. Regeneration of the pedicle graft over a stent took place in 4 to 5 weeks. At sacrifice 8 to 10 months postoperatively, 7 of 10 operations were completely successful with no evidence of hydronephrosis, obstruction, or pyelonephritis. Two animals exhibited slight dilation of the upper tracts, and one operation was a failure. It is evident from this study that a strip of ureter removed from the ureteral artery will regenerate over a stent in 4 to 5 weeks if the blood supply from the adjacent adventitia is left intact.
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PMID:Studies in ureteral regeneration: replacement of a large segment of ureter with an in situ pedicle graft of proximal ureter. 83 64

For the success of an antibiotic therapy in pyelonephritis the concentration of antibiotics attainable in the kidney tissue is of extreme importance. Therefore in dogs, besides serum level and urin level a tissue level was defined after a single dose of gentamycin and cefazolin. While gentamycin is highly concentrated in the kidney, which is indeed more in a state of shock than health, Cefalozin is being excreted, after initially high values, excreted in a course approximately parallel to the blood level curve, within 5 h down to concentrations between 1 mcg/ml and 4 mcg/ml. The level of the tissue in the cortex of healthy kidneys and infected kidneys without additional damage by a ureter ligature averaged about 40% less than the serum level. The tissue level of kidneys infected by the additional damage of a ureter ligature and with signs of a pyelonephritis was extremely lower and reached occasionally hardly 20% of the serum level. Attention is also called to the consequence of these results for the therapy of the pyelonephritis.
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PMID:[The distribution of antibiotics in extravascular renal tissue during experimental pyelonephritis of dogs (author's transl)]. 84 61

A case of ureteral triplication is presented. There was reflux of the middle ureter, which did not end in the kidney, but rather ended blindly. There was atrophic pyelonephritis of the upper pole because of an obstructed ureter, and a normal lower caleceal system and ureter. There were three ureters but only two originated in the kidney and two entered the bladder, with only one ureter originating from the kidney entering the bladder normally. The refluxing ureter and the obstructed upper pole and ureter were removed.
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PMID:Ureteral triplication. 96 24

The excretory urograms performed on 1716 children and 3480 adults have been examined to find the incidence and complications of renal duplication. Ninety-five patients with duplication were found, unilateral in 79 and bilateral in 16 patients. It was equally common on each side and twice as common in females as in males. Non-duplex kidneys had a mean of 9.4 calyces and duplex kidneys had a mean 3.7 upper and 7-6 calyces in lower moieties. In patients without renal disease and with unilateral duplication the two kidneys were equal in size in 39%, and the duplex was smaller in 10%. Twenty-seven per cent of the duplex kidneys examined showed evidence of disease compared to 3% of the non-duplex kidneys-a significant difference (P less than 0-001). Saddle reflux is the only abnormality unique to duplication and was seen in one patient. Extravesical ectopic ureter and ureterocoeles are known to be associated with renal duplication, but in this series ureterocoeles were found only on the non-duplex side. The duplex kidney in children is more susceptible to reflux than is the non-duplex kidney, and this leads to both ureteric and pelvi-calyceal dilation, and to chronic pyelonephritis in the duplex side in those children who develop urinary tract infections. Chronic pyelonephritis was found in 22% of patients under 15, significantly more often than in adults (P less than 0-001), although the incidence of duplication was unchanged. It is concluded that there is no real increase in the number of children with duplex kidneys having urinary tract infections, and the vast majority of duplex kidneys do not become diseased.
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PMID:The incidence and importance of renal duplication. 100 Aug 96

The authors present their experience in replacement of the ureter by a tapered ileal loop over a 24-month period, in a group of 10 dogs. With regard to the morphological and functional behaviour of the neo-ureter, the results on the whole were considered satisfactory. However, some problems such as pyelonephritis, associated with obstruction due to mucosal hyperexcretion, remain unsolved at the present time.
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PMID:Ureteric substitution with a tapered ileal loop. An experimental study. 100 76

1. Thirty-two per cent of cases examined by I.V.P. showed evidence of disease (20 per cent hydronephrosis, 12 per cent chronic pyelonephritis). 2. The incidence of V.U. reflux on micturating cysto-urethrography was 13 per cent. V.U. reflux is associated with chronic pyelonephritis in a high proportion of cases as would be expected. A normal pyelogram does not exclude V.U. reflux as mentioned by Cobb (1966). 3. Patients with complete paralysis show a significantly high incidence of chronic pyelonephritis, hydronephritis and V.U. reflux. 4. In case of unilateral hydronephrosis and chronic pyelonephritis there is a striking predilection for involvement of the right kidney. The cause for this is not evident but possibly the fact that the right ureter is shorter than the left is a factor.
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PMID:Changes in the upper urinary tract as demonstrated on intravenous pyelography and micturating cysto-urethrography in patients with spinal cord injury. 120 14

An elderly man had pyelonephritis and sepsis owing to ureteral obstruction. Retrograde pyelography showed entrapment of the right ureter in an inguinal hernia. This condition, which may be congenital or acquired, should be considered before herniorrhapy is performed and as a possible cause of ureteral obstruction.
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PMID:Ureteral obstruction and pyelonephritis caused by an inguinal hernia: report of a case. 125 99

P-fimbriated Escherichia coli, which cause nonobstructive pyelonephritis, adhere to a specific urothelial glycolipid receptor. In either the presence or absence of reflux (in the area of turbulent urine flow) these bacteria ascend the ureter and cause a decrease in ureteral motility. Endotoxin causes peristalsis to cease, leading to ureteral dilatation and change in papillary shape, thus allowing intrarenal reflux and adherence of the bacteria to renal tubules. Bacterial infection of a refluxing ureter may cause reflux to persist. Once the bacteria reach the kidney rapid effects occur at the cellular level with activation of complement followed by granulocytic aggregation and capillary obstruction, causing renal ischemia and damage during reperfusion. In addition, during phagocytosis the respiratory burst occurs, releasing toxic oxygen molecules, which leads to renal tubular death, invasion of the interstitium, microabscess and renal scar formation, that is chronic pyelonephritis, which equates with reflux nephropathy.
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PMID:Vesicoureteral reflux and pyelonephritis in the monkey: a review. 143 97

The ureterovesical junction of pigs with cystitis and pyelonephritis was examined. There was significant shortening of the intravesical portion of the ureter in sows with pyelonephritis. In cases associated with acute pyelonephritis the ureteric orifice was found to be significantly wider than that found in the normal population. The ratio of the intravesical length to the ureteric orifice diameter was also significantly reduced. It is postulated that these changes to the ureterovesical junction originate or are caused by the disease processes in the bladder and may allow vesicoureteric reflux to occur, leading to ascending pyelonephritis.
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PMID:Reduction in the length of the intravesical ureter associated with pyelonephritis in the adult pig. 143 47

Over a 5-year period (November 1984-November 1989), we treated 356 patients with ureteric calculi; 170 were treated by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) on a Dornier HM-3 lithotriptor. The calculi (n = 176) were uniformly distributed along the length of the ureter: 44 were just below the pelviureteric junction, 59 were lumbo-iliac, 42 were in the upper bony pelvis and 32 in the lower bony pelvis. The mean diameter of the upper ureteric calculi was 10 mm and for the others it was 8 mm. Thirty-four patients with acute obstructive pyelonephritis required pre-ESWL drainage of the urine. X-ray localisation required intravenous urography during lithotripsy in 52 cases (30%). On plain X-ray the following day 170 stones (96%) were judged to have disintegrated. The 6 patients whose stones were not fragmented received further treatment (ureterotomy (4) and ureteroscopy (2)). Five patients required additional treatment because of pain or fever (catheterisation (3) and ureterotomy (2)) and 2 patients had a second lithotripsy owing to insufficient fragmentation. Four patients were lost to follow-up. In 153 patients (90%) the fragments were eliminated completely, 146 in the first month and the remainder before the sixth month. No serious sequelae were observed. In addition to the 5 patients who required supplementary treatment. 11 patients with pain or fever needed medical treatment. We recommend first intention in situ ESWL for all ureteric calculi.
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PMID:Extracorporeal lithotripsy of ureteric calculi using the Dornier HM-3 lithotriptor. 148 85


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